Download Keisuke Saito Institute for Raptor Biomedicine Japan, Kushiro

2014/6/18
Keisuke Saito
Institute for Raptor Biomedicine Japan,
Kushiro Shitsugen Wildlife Center
Kushiro Shitsugen Wildlife Center
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Veterinary equipments of the Institute for Raptor Biomedicine Japan
Number
25
20
15
Steller's Sea E.
White-tailed E.
10
B. Fish Owl
5
Hp n=166
Ha n=142
Kb n=52
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
4
2
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Blakiston’s Fish Owl
5
6
3
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Steller’s Sea Eagle
White-tailed Eagle
4
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Cause of accident and disease in Blakiston’s Fish Owl
(Apr. 2000 – Mar. 2009)
Other
29%
Drawn
3%
Car accident
38%
Predation
7%
Fish net
Electrocution
14%
9%
n=41
9
Cause of accident and disease in Steller’s Sea Eagle
(2000 – 2011)
Others
25%
Bird strike
1%
Train accident
5%
Car accident
7%
Lead
poisoning
36%
Collision
7%
Asthenia
(Int. dis.)
8%
Electrocution
11%
n=191
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Cause of accident and disease in White-tailed Eagle
(2000 – 2011)
Other
29%
Asthenia (Int.
dis.)
14%
electrocution
3%
Collision
7%
Car accident
16%
Bird strike
13%
Lead
poisining
11%
Train accident
7%
n=212
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14
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First examination
Day 31
Day 1
Decannulation
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Ultrasound imaging
17
Endoscopical examination
18
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19
20
10
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11
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23
24
12
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25
26
13
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Psychological rehabilitation with other individual
Physical rehabilitation in a large flying cage
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29
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31
32
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ENVIRONMENTAL TREATMENT

Neither one life nor one pain should be wasted.
→ It is important not to iterate the same accident.

Collection of the data that leads to the safeguard.
→ Close examination to make clear the cause or background
of the death or injuries.
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Electrocution
34
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
Improvements of the power pole
1.
Modification of the structure
2.
Installation of the blockade, not to perch on the
dangerous site.
3.
Inducement to the safe perch.
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提供：北海道電力㈱
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提供：北海道電力㈱
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撮影：洞井賢二
Lead poisoning
By rifle bullet and shotgun slug
48
24
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A number of eagle carcasses have found in the mountain area from 1996
Deer meat and hairs have found as gastric contents
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Deer hairs and lead pieces fragment found from the ventriculus of an eagle
52
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Deer carcasses abandoned in the field by the hunter
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55
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More than 130 Sea Eagles have been killed by lead
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LEAD CARE SYSTEM (ESA Inc.)
Normal range ＜ 0.1ppm
0.1ppm ≦ Heavy-polluted range＜ 0.6ppm
0.6ppm ≦ Poisoning range
Destruction of RBC →
anemia
Disorder of :
 Central nervous system
 Peripheral nervous system
 Digestive organ
 Liver, kidney
 Bone marrow
 Gonad (sexgland)

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A lead poisoned Steller’s Sea Eagle
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Use of antidote (EDTA) as a treatment for lead poisoning
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100% lead -free
Copper bullets (Barnes X bullet, USA)
Responses to lead poisoning by the government

Restriction of the use of the lead rifle bullet in the Sika
deer hunting （From winter 2000 - 2001)

Restriction of the use of lead bullet and slug in Sika deer
hunting （From winter 2001 - 2002)

Restriction of the use of lead bullet and slug in big game;
Including bear hunting （From winter 2003 - 2004)
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14
12
10
8
White-tailed Eagle
6
Steller's Sea Eagle
4
2
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Lead poisoned eagles were still found last winter …
The restriction of the lead bullet is not observed.
70
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Urgent need !!
A worldwide abolishment of all lead ammunition
INTRODUCTION
Introduction HPAI (H5N1) of the wild birds in Japan
2010. 10 ～2011. 05
HPAI infected wild birds have confirmed throughout Japanese islands.
In the
2004.
2007.
2008.
past …
02～03 Kyoto Jungle crow
01
Kumamoto Mountain Hawk Eagle
04～05 Aomori, Akita, Hokkaido Whooper swan
Aquatic birds
Species
# of cases
Whooper Swan
7
Tundra Swan
2
Tufted Duck
12
Mandarin Duck
11
Pintail
1
Greater Scaup
2
Species
# of cases
Common Pochard
3
Peregrine
9
Little Grebe
2
Goshawk
1
Grey Herron
1
Ural Owl
1
Great Crested Grebe
1
Black-headed Gull
1
Duck feces
1
Cranes
Species
# of cases
Hooded Crane
7
Raptors
n=61, 2011.05 Jap. Min. Env.
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Akkeshi
Hichirippu
Kiritappu
H5N1 +
TOTAL
1
8
1
10
Whooper Swan
1
5
1
7
Pintail
1
1
Greater Scaup
1
1
Duck sp.
1
1
n=10/45
Akkeshi Lk.
OUTBREAK AREA
HPAI outbreak and warning area established by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment, in eastern Hokkaido (2011)
Kiritappu Hamanaka
Hichirippu Hamanaka
HPAI infected bird
Warning area (10km radius)
W hooper Swan, Jan. 2011, Hamanaka Hokkaido
74
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W hooper Swan, Jan. 2011, Hamanaka Hokkaido
75
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77
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HPAI(H5N1) infected wild birds collected in Hokkaido ( Winter 2010 -2011)
№
Date
Location
Species name
①
12 Jan
Hamanaka Whooper Swan
Ad
Dead
－
＋
②
17 Jan
Hamanaka Duck , sp. unknown
U
Dead
－
＋
③
18 Jan
hamanaka
Ad
Live
－
＋
④
19 Jan
Hamanaka Whooper Swan
J
Live
＋
＋
⑤
19 Jan
Hamanaka Pintail
U
Dead
－
＋
⑥
28 Jan
Hamanaka Whooper Swan
J
Live
＋
＋
⑦
03 Feb
Hamanaka Whooper Swan
J
Dead
＋
＋
⑧
07 Feb
Hamanaka Greater scaup
J
Dead
＋
＋
⑨
17 Feb
Akkeshi Lk. Whooper Swan
J
Dead
＋
＋
⑩
21 Feb
Hamanaka Whooper Swan
J
Dead
＋
＋
Whooper swan
Age
Status Simple test
Egg inoculation
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Whooper Swan, Juvenile 【Captured as a live bird in Jan 19, at Hichirippu】
【Clinical signs】
Motor ataxia; Abnormal gait
CNS manifestation;
Severe torticollis, Cephalic thrill
Utter a strange sound
Salivation
Conjunctival and corneal inflammation
Diarrhea
CLINICAL REPORT
】
Discrimination test
Field test kit
Espline
Rapid testa
Tracheal swab
+
+
Cloacal swab
+
+
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification test
Tracheal and cloacal swab suspension
+
Euthanized
Whooper Swan, Adult
【Captured as a live bird in Jan 18, at Hichirippu】
CLINICAL REPORT
【Clinical signs】
Motor ataxia
Abnormal gait
CNS manifestation
Severe torticollis
Cephalic thrill
Salivation
Conjunctival inflammation
Discrimination test
Field test kit
Espline
Rapid testa
Tracheal swab
－
－
Cloacal swab
－
－
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification test
Tracheal and cloacal swab suspension
－
POSITIVE to HPAI (H5N1) to the egg inoculation test
Euthanized
A conspicuous increase of antibody value has observed in the Hemagglutination Inhibition Test.
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Whooper Swan (21 Feb.)
Greater Scaup .(7 Feb.)
Espline
Rapid
testa
Poctem
Test kit
Espline
Tracheal swab
±
－
－
Tracheal swab
－
Cloacal swab
±
－
－
Cloacal swab
－
Conjunctival swab
＋
－
－
Conjunctival swab
＋
CLINICAL REPORT
Test kit
ESPLINE
Good nutritional status
Hemorrhagic pneumonia
Conjunctival nflammation
Good nutritional status
Cardiac lung
• HPAI infected swan showed some negative results for the cloacal and
tracheal to simple tests. On the other hand, swab samples collected from
conjunctivae showed a remarkable positive reaction to the field test kit,
and the palpebral conjunctivae has confirmed to be a useful sampling
region.
CONCLUSION
Important findings and conclusion ( Winter 2010 -2011 )
• A conspicuous increase of antibody value has observed in the
Hemagglutination Inhibition Test. This phenomenon seems to be caused
by the dynamic state of virus emission, by the immunoresponse after
infection.
• Multitudes of clinical signs, useful to confirm the diagnosis of HPAI (H5N1)
were collected.
• It is Important, not to fixated on sampling a regular specimen material, and
make comprehensive diagnosis in consideration of clinical signs.
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IZUMI PLAIN, KAGOSHIMA
More than 10,000 Hooded Cranes and 1000 White-naped Cranes winter in this area
East Hokkaido
More than 2000 Steller’s and White-tailed Eagles winter in the coastal area.
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Eagle
Swan
Crane
88
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Eastern part of Hokkaido is the main habitat of the Japanese Crane
89
East
Atlantic
Flyway
Central
Asia
Flyway
East Asia/
Australian
Flyway
Americas
Flyway
East Africa
West Asia
Flyway
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Nongovernmental Asian Wildlife Veterinarian Network
(International exchange committee of JSZW M, IRBJ)
Russia
Korea
JSZWM ML
Japan
•
China
•
•
Internet Information Exchange
ML, Facebook, etc.
Cooperative Field Research
International Meeting
Thailand
Taiwan
Malaysia
Indonesia
91
Thank you !
For more information: http://www.irbj.net
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