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Ocean Circulation Questions 1 The oceans have a well-mixed surface layer approximately ____ meters thick. A) B) C) D) 10 50 100 200 2 Select the following relationship of water properties that is not correct. A) B) C) D) 9 increased salinity: increased density increased temperature: decreased density increased temperature: increased salinity increased evaporation: increased salinity 4 3 Which of the following statements is true? As temperature decreases and salinity decreases, density A) decreases. As temperature increases and salinity increases, density B) decreases. As temperature increases and salinity decreases, density C) increases. As temperature decreases and salinity increases, density D) increases. 22 4 4 An area where temperature rapidly changes with depth is known as the: thermocline. A) B) C) pycnocline. halocline. isocline. D) 23 4 5 Which of the following is true about the relationships between temperature, salinity, and density? Salinity has a greater affect on density than temperature. A) B) C) Temperature has a greater affect on density than salinity. Temperature and salinity play equal roles in affecting density. D) Neither temperature nor salinity affects density. 6 What percentage of the Earth is covered by oceans? 90 % 55 % 11 % 71 % 7 Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide will cause which of the following changes in oceanic chemistry? Increased salinity Decreased pH Decreased salinity Increased precipitation of calcium carbonate 8 Which two features together control the density of seawater? Temperature and salinity Salinity and plankton concentration Temperature and sea depth Salinity and depth 9 What is the main driving force for surface ocean currents? Salinity gradients Surface water density Temperature gradients Prevailing winds 10 What are surface currents formed by? Global winds increased water density the moon's gravity the sun's gravity 11 Which of the following could cause a tsunami? an earthquake heavy winds an increase in the salinity of the water a decrease in the salinity of the water Use the map below to answer the questions that follow. 12 Which of the following is cold water current? A. Gulf Stream B. California Current C. North Atlantic Drift D. North Equatorial 13 14 The average salinity of the world’s ocean is ___. A. 3.5% B. 0-3.5% C. 35% D. 3500% The body of water below with the lowest density would be: A. Pacific Ocean B. Southern Ocean C. Dead Sea 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 D. Lake Huron What happens to the ocean as depth increases? A. temperature decreases B. temperature increases C. pressure increases D. both A & C The zone of ocean water near the sea’s surface, where sunlight penetrates is known as: A. the benthic zone B. the abyssal plain C. the aphotic zone D. the photic zone The oceans contain approximately _____% of all the Earth’s water. A. 71% B. 3% C. 97% D. 3.5% The eastern coast of most continents are _________ due to ocean currents. A. soaked B. warmed C. flooded D. cooled Waters off the western coasts of continents are usually colder because of their _____ origin. A. polar B. tropical C. equatorial D. warm When wind blows across a body of water, _______ between the air and water causes water to move. A. surface currents B. friction C. gravity D. density Pollution may enter the oceans as a result of: A. sewage treatment plants B. runoff from farmers’ fields C. shipping D. all of the above 22 23 24 25 26 27 Oceans cover approximately _____% of earth’s surface. A. 30 B. 50 C. 70 D. 80 Surface currents always move water _____________. A. clockwise B. vertically C. counter-clockwise D. horizontally The cool ocean current which flows off the East coast of Canada is called the: A. Gulf Stream B. California current C. Peru current D. Canary current Surface currents are caused by ________________. A. differences in density B. salinity C. waves D. none of these stupid choices are correct! Desalination is a process where: A. salt is added to seawater B. freshwater is obtained from seawater C. salt is taken from freshwater D. energy is obtained from seawater As the greenhouse effect continues to warm the planet slowly, the glaciers of Greenland are melting at a rapid rate. Scientists are concerned that this melting may dilute the salt water in that region of the ocean enough to shut down thermo-haline circulation. Use what you know about climate to answer the following questions: Explain how shutting down thermo-haline circulation would affect the temperature of western Europe. 28 In which layer of Earth’s atmosphere does most weather occur? (a) Troposphere (b) Stratosphere (c) Mesosphere (d) Thermosphere (e) Lithosphere 29 Which of the following best explains why polar regions are colder than tropical regions? (a) Polar regions have lower albedo values. (b) Polar regions receive less solar energy per unit of surface area. (c) Tropical regions receive less direct sunlight throughout the year. (d) Sunlight travels through more atmosphere and loses more energy in tropical regions. (e) Tropical regions rotate at a faster speed than polar regions. 30 The gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect on Earth are, in order of greatest to smallest in importance: (a) CO2, H20, CH4 (b) H20, CO2, CH4 (c) CH4, CO2, H20 (d) H20, CH4, CO2 31 Air over the oceans is colder in summer and warmer in winter compared with air over the continental regions. This is because (a) Water is translucent and has a relatively high heat capacity compared to dirt (b) Compared to dirt, a thicker layer of water participates in the seasonal cycle (c) The albedo of water is greater than that of land and thus reflects more solar radiation (d) Both A and B are true (e) The effect is due to the changes in circulation between continents and oceans 32 At a constant pressure, hot air than cold air (a) is more dense b) is less dense c) has more vapor (d) has less vapor 33 If Earth had no greenhouse gases, the planet would be? (a) Too hot to support life. (b) Cooler but still able to support life. (c) Too cold to support life. EDIT: COMPLEX LIFE (d) It depends on the species of aerosol in the GHG-free atmosphere. 34 Why are there winds? a) Because air flows down-hill. (b) Because of temperature differences. (c) Because air flows from high density to low density. (d) Because air flows along isobars. 35 What would happen if gravity suddenly doubled on Earth, but the mass of the atmosphere did not change? (a) Surface pressure would stay the same but the density would increase. (b) Surface pressure would increase but the density would stay the same. (c) Surface pressure and density would both increase. (d) Surface density and pressure would stay the same because the atmosphere is in hydrostatic balance. Answer 27 Shutting down the thermohaline circulation would reduce the amount of warm surface water flowing from the Gulf of Mexico to Europe and this would cause western Europe to experience colder temperatures.