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Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Release 14.10 B035-2514-082K March 2013 The product or products described in this book are licensed products of Teradata Corporation or its affiliates. Teradata, Active Enterprise Intelligence, Applications-Within, Aprimo, Aprimo Marketing Studio, Aster, BYNET, Claraview, DecisionCast, Gridscale, MyCommerce, Raising Intelligence, Smarter. Faster. Wins., SQL-MapReduce, Teradata Decision Experts, "Teradata Labs" logo, "Teradata Raising Intelligence" logo, Teradata ServiceConnect, Teradata Source Experts, "Teradata The Best Decision Possible" logo, The Best Decision Possible, WebAnalyst, and Xkoto are trademarks or registered trademarks of Teradata Corporation or its affiliates in the United States and other countries. Adaptec and SCSISelect are trademarks or registered trademarks of Adaptec, Inc. AMD Opteron and Opteron are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. 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IN NO EVENT WILL TERADATA CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, DIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFITS OR LOST SAVINGS, EVEN IF EXPRESSLY ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. The information contained in this document may contain references or cross-references to features, functions, products, or services that are not announced or available in your country. Such references do not imply that Teradata Corporation intends to announce such features, functions, products, or services in your country. Please consult your local Teradata Corporation representative for those features, functions, products, or services available in your country. Information contained in this document may contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Information may be changed or updated without notice. Teradata Corporation may also make improvements or changes in the products or services described in this information at any time without notice. To maintain the quality of our products and services, we would like your comments on the accuracy, clarity, organization, and value of this document. Please email: [email protected]. Any comments or materials (collectively referred to as "Feedback") sent to Teradata Corporation will be deemed non-confidential. Teradata Corporation will have no obligation of any kind with respect to Feedback and will be free to use, reproduce, disclose, exhibit, display, transform, create derivative works of, and distribute the Feedback and derivative works thereof without limitation on a royalty-free basis. Further, Teradata Corporation will be free to use any ideas, concepts, know-how, or techniques contained in such Feedback for any purpose whatsoever, including developing, manufacturing, or marketing products or services incorporating Feedback. Copyright © 2005-2013 by Teradata Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Preface Purpose This book provides information about Teradata Workload Analyzer, which is a Teradata® Tools and Utilities product. Teradata Tools and Utilities is a group of products designed to work with Teradata Database. Teradata Workload Analyzer (Teradata WA) is a tool that analyzes and generates candidate workloads from a Windows PC. Teradata WA provides three major areas of guidance: • Recommending workload group definitions. The DBA (database administrator) guides these definitions based on business knowledge and Analyzer-assisted recommendations based on existing workload mix and characteristics • Recommending appropriate workload goals • Recommending workload to AG (allocation group) mapping plus priority scheduler weights Audience This book is intended for use by: • Database administrators responsible for managing the Teradata Database Supported Releases This book supports the following releases: • Teradata Database 14.10 • Teradata Tools and Utilities 14.10 • Teradata WA 14.10 Note: See “Displaying Information About Teradata Workload Analyzer” on page 33 to verify the Teradata WA version number. Note: Teradata WA 14.10 supports the currentTeradata Database version and versions 14.0 and 13.x. (It does not support versions of Teradata Database earlier than 13.x.) However, when used with Teradata Database 13.x Teradata WA 14.10 is limited to its 13.x features, — that is, only those features supported by the earlier database. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 3 Preface Prerequisites To locate detailed supported-release information: 1 Go to http://www.info.teradata.com/. 2 Under Online Publications, click General Search. 3 Type 3119 in the Publication Product ID box. 4 Under Sort By, select Date. 5 Click Search. 6 Open the version of the Teradata Tools and Utilities ##.##.## Supported Platforms and Product Versions spreadsheet associated with this release. The spreadsheet includes supported Teradata Database versions, platforms, and product release numbers. Prerequisites The following prerequisite knowledge is required for this product: • Relational database management systems • Basic concepts of the Teradata Database • Teradata SQL • Connectivity software, such as CLIv2 Changes to This Book The following changes were made to this book in support of the current release. Changes are marked with change bars. For a complete list of changes to the product, see the Teradata Tools and Utilities Release Definition (B035-2029) associated with this release. Date and Release Description March 2013 14.10 Updated versions and copyright date. Documented new SLG Tier hints report added to Existing Workload Analysis. Documented support for new COLLECT STATISTICS statement type. Documented support for classifying TDWM workloads by UDF and UDM. 4 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Preface Additional Information Date and Release (continued) Description August 2011 14.00 Changes to this release include: New options added to convert existing PDSets as workload definitions based on Accounts or on Performance Groups. The Candidate Workload Report window now has a Distribution Charts tab that displays the CPU, IO, and Query Volume statistics in a pie chart with a legend pop-up window. Documentation now reflects that support for Windows 2000 has been removed. Starting with TTU14.00, the DIP script (DIPTDWM - TDWM Configuration) sets up the TDWM tables, but TWA itself handles setting up the required objects (procedures and macros) for client operations. TASM 14.00 SLG Responsive Priority Scheduler support added for Linux SLES11 platforms. Interface changes documented in Chapter 7. Additional Information Additional information that supports this product and Teradata Tools and Utilities is available at the web sites listed in the table that follows. Type of Information Description Access to Information Release overview Use the Release Definition for the following information: 1 Go to http://www.info.teradata.com/. • Overview of all of the products in the release • Information received too late to be included in the manuals • Operating systems and Teradata Database versions that are certified to work with each product • Version numbers of each product and the documentation for each product • Information about available training and the support center 3 Type 2029 in the Publication Product ID box. Late information Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 2 Click General Search under Online Publications. 4 Click Search. 5 Select the appropriate Release Definition from the search results. 5 Preface Additional Information Type of Information Description Access to Information Additional product information Use the Teradata Information Products web site to view or download specific manuals that supply related or additional information to this manual. 1 Go to http://www.info.teradata.com/. 2 Click Data Warehousing under Online Publications, Browse by Category. 3 Do one of the following: • For a list of Teradata Tools and Utilities documents, click Teradata Tools and Utilities, and then select an item under Releases or Products. • Select a link to any of the data warehousing publications categories listed. Specific books related to Teradata WA are as follows: • Teradata Dynamic Workload Manager User Guide B035-2513 • Teradata Tools and Utilities Installation Guide for Microsoft Windows B035-2407 • Database Administration B035-1093 • SQL Data Definition Language B035-1144 • Utilities: Volume 1 (A-K) B035-1102 CD-ROM images Ordering information for manuals Access a link to a downloadable CD-ROM image of all customer documentation for this release. Customers are authorized to create CD-ROMs for their use from this image. 1 Go to http://www.info.teradata.com/. Use the Teradata Information Products web site to order printed versions of manuals. 1 Go to http://www.info.teradata.com/. 2 Click Data Warehousing under Online Publications, Browse by Category. 3 Click CD-ROM Images. 2 Click How to Order under Print & CD Publications. 3 Follow the ordering instructions. General information about Teradata The Teradata home page provides links to numerous sources of information about Teradata. Links include: 1 Go to Teradata.com. 2 Select a link. • Executive reports, case studies of customer experiences with Teradata, and thought leadership • Technical information, solutions, and expert advice • Press releases, mentions, and media resources 6 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Table of Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Supported Releases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Changes to This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Chapter 1: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 What Is Teradata Workload Analyzer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 How Teradata WA Works With Teradata Active System Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Viewpoint Workload Designer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Viewpoint Workload Monitor and Workload Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Teradata Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 16 17 17 An Overview of Workload Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Chapter 2: Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Required Database Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Required Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Before You Start Teradata WA: Setting Up the TDWM Database Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Before You Start Teradata WA: Enabling TASM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creating Workload Management Rules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What To Do About Large Volumes of DBQL Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Viewing the Error Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 21 22 22 Starting Teradata WA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Login and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Connecting to the Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 7 Table of Contents Adding Initial Workload Periods for PSA Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Configuring Application Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Getting to Know the Teradata WA Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Online Help for Teradata Workload Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Using the Navigation Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Displaying Information About Teradata Workload Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Chapter 3: Converting PDSets to Workloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 PDSet to Workload Mapping Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 The PDSet to Workload Conversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Selecting PDSets for Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Viewing Priority Scheduler Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Displaying Logs of Conversion Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Converting Priority Scheduler Settings to Workloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Defining SLGs for Converted PDSets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Planning New Workloads for Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Obtaining New Workload Recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 First Level Analysis Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 The Steps to Creating New Workload Recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 Step 1: Defining An Initial Set of Workloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Defining DBQL Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Viewing Workloads Using the Candidate Workload Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Grouping Unassigned Requests Into a Workload. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Supported Analysis Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Analyzing Workloads Based On “Who” Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 Analyzing Workloads Based On “What” Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 Step 3: Defining Service Level Goals to Get the Most Out of Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 How Teradata WA Sets SLGs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 Service Level Goals and Viewpoint Workload Monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 Accepting Or Modifying Service-Level Goal Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 Step 4: Mapping Workloads to Allocation Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Category of Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 8 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Table of Contents Subject Area Resource Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Workload-to-Allocation Group Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Defining Enforcement Priorities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Step 5: Creating the Workloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Creating a New Workload For Use from Rule Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Using Deep Drill-Down and Refinement for Workload Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Chapter 5: Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Existing Workload Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Further Analysis for Workloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Enhancing the Existing Workload Analysis Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Starting Existing Workload Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Defining Existing Workload DBQL Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Viewing Workloads Using the Candidate Workload Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Viewing or Modifying SLGs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Splitting and Merging Workloads for Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Process of Merging Workloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Splitting Workloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Classifying by Excluded Objects for Splitting and Merging Workloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 135 138 142 Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Working with Workload Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Working with Workload Classification Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Working with Workload Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Viewing the Active Rule Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Viewing the Candidate Workload Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Viewing Evaluation Order of Candidate Workloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Chapter 7: Changes to support TASM 14.10 SLG Responsive Priority Scheduler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 TASM 14.10 — SLES11 Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Workload Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 9 Table of Contents Other GUI Changes for TASM SLES11 Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178 Chapter 8: Recommendation for SLG Tier and Workload Percentage . . .181 The SLG Tier Hints Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189 10 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide List of Figures Figure 1: Teradata Active System Management and Supporting Components . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Figure 2: Paths to Creating a Workload Rule Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Figure 3: Example of workload and its distinct value counts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Figure 4: Candidate Workloads Tree in left pane of window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Figure 5: About Teradata Workload Analyzer dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Figure 6: Candidate Workload Report displays CPU, IO, and Query Volume statistics . . . . 56 Figure 7: Candidate Workload Report window displaying unassigned requests . . . . . . . . . . 57 Figure 8: Example of report with query band name displayed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Figure 9: Example of Distribution Parameters with ten buckets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Figure 10: Equal-widths histogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Figure 11: Equal-height histogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Figure 12: Distribution report after rounding up the widths of buckets for data with a large range of values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Figure 13: Distribution report after rounding up the widths of buckets for data with a small range of values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Figure 14: Overview of deep drill-down analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Figure 15: Workload A with classification Account =A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Figure 16: Workload A and Workload A2 with CPU distribution division . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Figure 17: Unassigned elements after classification is added to existing workload . . . . . . . 101 Figure 18: Distribution of top 10 workloads represented as a percentage of CPU processing when more than 250 workloads are represented after PSA migration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Figure 19: Candidate Workload Report for Existing Workloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Figure 20: Example of two workloads merging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Figure 21: Split workload with excluded and included objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Figure 22: Classification tab for original workload after a split . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Figure 23: Classification tab for split workload with excluded and included objects . . . . . . 144 Figure 24: Classification tab for merged workload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Figure 25: Add Local Exception Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Figure 26: Sample Exception Apply Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Figure 27: Existing Workload Analysis Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Figure 28: SLG Tier Workload Method Hints Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 11 List of Figures 12 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide List of Tables Table 1: Connect to Teradata Database dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Table 2: Connect to Teradata Database dialog box Advanced Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Table 3: Define Periods (Operating Environments) dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Table 4: Teradata WA Menus and Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Table 5: Define Periods dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Table 6: Comparison of Granularity Levels and Classification Criteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Table 7: Displayed Columns in the Candidate Workload Report - “who” classifications . . . 57 Table 8: Supported analysis parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Table 9: Workloads Report shortcut menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Table 10: Columns in the Analyze Workload report - “what” classification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Table 11: SLG Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Table 12: Default AG and RP Weights for Priority based on Category of Work . . . . . . . . . . 91 Table 13: Default Mapping of Enforcement Priorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Table 14: Mapping options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Table 15: Displayed Columns in the Workload report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Table 16: SLG Recommendations window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Table 17: Workload Attribute descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Table 18: Classification Options for Criteria #2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Table 19: Add Local Exception Fields/Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Table 20: Exception Criteria Fields/Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Table 21: Exception Action Fields/Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Table 22: Examples of workloads and evaluation order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Table 23: Default TWA Workloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 13 List of Tables 14 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide CHAPTER 1 Introduction This introduction explains the basic concepts involved with Teradata Workload Analyzer: • What Is Teradata Workload Analyzer? • How Teradata WA Works With Teradata Active System Management • An Overview of Workload Analysis What Is Teradata Workload Analyzer? Teradata Workload Analyzer (Teradata WA) helps Database Administrators identify classes of queries (workloads) and provides recommendations on workload definitions and operating rules to ensure that database performance meets Service Level Goals (SLG). Through the use of various reports and graphical displays, Teradata WA makes it easier for administrators to effectively manage distribution of resources. The more control administrators have over resource allocation, the more they can ensure satisfactory response times for critical queries. Teradata WA supports the conversion of existing Priority Scheduler Definitions (PDSets) into new workloads. A PDSet is the collection of data, including the resource partition, allocation group, period type, and other definitions that control how the Priority Scheduler manages and schedules session execution. This is helpful for users that have tuned their Priority Scheduler settings for their specific workloads. Teradata WA provides three major areas of guidance: • Recommending workload group definitions. The DBA guides these based on business knowledge and Analyzer-assisted based on existing workload mix and characteristics • Recommending appropriate workload goals • Recommending workload to AG mapping plus priority scheduler weights How Teradata WA Works With Teradata Active System Management Teradata Active System Management (Teradata ASM) is a set of products, including system tables and logs, that interact with each other and a common data source. It facilitates automation in the following four key areas of system management: • Workload Management Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 15 Chapter 1: Introduction How Teradata WA Works With Teradata Active System Management • Performance Tuning • Capacity Planning • Performance Monitoring Teradata ASM helps manage the system automatically and reduces the effort required by DBAs, application developers, and support personnel. With careful planning, Teradata ASM can improve and optimize your workload management and performance. It can also improve response times and ensure more consistent response times for critical work. Some of the products that make up the Teradata ASM solution include Viewpoint Workload Monitor/Health, Viewpoint Workload Designer, and Teradata Workload Analyzer. These components are graphically displayed in Figure 1. Figure 1: Teradata Active System Management and Supporting Components 9LHZSRLQW:RUNORDG'HVLJQHU 7HUDGDWD :RUNORDG $QDO\]HU 5XOHVEDVHGRQ7KURWWOHV)LOWHUV DQG:RUNORDG'HILQLWLRQV 9LHZSRLQW:RUNORDG0RQLWRU 7HUDGDWD 'DWDEDVH 3URYLGHV '%4XHU\/RJ '%4/ 7':0'% :RUNORDG/RJ 5HJXODWRU :RUNORDG+HDOWK 30$3, ' Related Topics • Viewpoint Workload Designer • Viewpoint Workload Monitor and Workload Health • Teradata Database Viewpoint Workload Designer Viewpoint Workload Designer supports detailed creation and management of workload definitions. Workload definitions are sets of rules that pertain to and describe a class of queries for the purpose of ensuring appropriate operating resource allocations to them based on business considerations. These rules apply filters, classification, and throttles and determine exception processing for workload queries. For more guided definitions of workloads and service levels, after first defining operating rules through use of Teradata WA, use Viewpoint Workload Designer to refine them. Viewpoint Workload Designer provides a simpler way of defining many of the settings previously controlled with Priority Scheduler Administrator (PSA), which was discontinued with Release 13.10. TWA can migrate PDSets saved in the DBCMngr database by customers using earlier PSA releases. 16 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 1: Introduction An Overview of Workload Analysis Viewpoint Workload Monitor and Workload Health Viewpoint Workload Monitor provides a view of current and recent historical workload status. Workload Health provides the current workload status. Teradata Database A component of the Teradata Database called the Regulator dynamically executes to fulfill the workload operating rules as defined with the Workload Administrator. Requests submitted to the system are classified into the appropriate workload and managed against that workload’s operating rules, such as throttling, resource priorities, and exception management. In addition, the Regulator monitors queries as they run to check for exception conditions, and then handles them according the rules defined in the workload definition configuration tables. A separate database called TDWM is required for Teradata Workload Analyzer. The database contains tables for storing workload definitions and related data. A Database Initialization Program (DIP) script is used to install the TDWM database. For information about using Teradata DIP scripts, see Utilities: Volume 1 (A-K) (B035-1102). An Overview of Workload Analysis The workload analysis process consists of the following steps: 1 The user may optionally migrate existing priority scheduler definitions (PDSets1 created using PSA release 13.00 or earlier), to automatically create workload definitions with existing priority scheduler settings. (PSA has been discontinued for TMGR release 13.10.) If users choose not to migrate existing settings, they can instead choose to define up to 250 workload definitions from scratch. In so doing, users first collect query log information for the existing workload mix. Then they specify the dimensions to analyze and group queries against to form candidate workloads (account-based, application-based, and existing PDSets) and the date and time range over which to analyze the previously collected query log data. 2 Using this input, Teradata WA recommends candidate workload definitions based on analysis of Priority Scheduler settings and/or Database Query Log data. 3 With the DBQL analysis path, the user can further refine the candidate workload definition and the queries in which it contains by either merging with another candidate workload or splitting the candidate workload into two or more separate candidate workloads to aid with accounting granularity or workload control. (For example, tactical queries need higher priority and therefore are split out from the “parent” candidate workload.) Next, users creating workload definitions from scratch (not for users migrating from existing priority scheduler settings) are guided through mapping workload definitions to priority scheduler allocation groups and allocation group weights. Those 1. A PDSet is a collection of data, including a resource partition, performance group, allocation group, performance period type, and other definitions controlling how the Priority Scheduler manages and schedules session execution. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 17 Chapter 1: Introduction An Overview of Workload Analysis settings are guided to minimize necessary DBA involvement, though the DBA has the “advanced” option to refine those settings according to the administrator’s preference. Note: A workload definition is mapped one-to-one to a priority scheduler performance group (PG). The priority scheduler for Teradata Release 13.10 allows 250 PGs to be defined. Four of these are reserved to be the standard PGs (R, H, M, and L) in the default resource partition. That leaves 246 PGs for use by Teradata DWM. 4 After the user has satisfactorily fine-tuned the candidate workload definition, the user sets service-level goals, optionally guided by Teradata WA. For example, the user might request recommendations based on actual response times achieved at a particular service-level percent, or other factors. These paths are graphically displayed in Figure 2. Figure 2: Paths to Creating a Workload Rule Set Two Paths to Creating a Workload Rule Set Path 1: Migrating Your Current Priority Scheduler Settings Path 2: Generating Statistics from Your DBQL Data Load Priority Scheduler and DBQL Data Load DBQL Data Workload Analyzer converts PD Set settings to TASM workload settings Auto-generate or create workloads by using unassigned Accounts/Applications/Users Workload Analyzer recommends Service Level Goals Workload Analyzer recommends Service Level Goals Save Workload Rule Set User modifies mapping of workloads to Allocation Groups Save Workload Rule Set 2514E004 18 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide CHAPTER 2 Getting Started This section explains setup, configuration, and startup of Teradata WA. It includes the following: • Installation Requirements • Before You Start Teradata WA: Setting Up the TDWM Database Objects • Before You Start Teradata WA: Enabling TASM • Viewing the Error Log • Starting Teradata WA • Login and Configuration • Getting to Know the Teradata WA Interface • Using the Navigation Help • Displaying Information About Teradata Workload Analyzer Installation Requirements This section describes software requirements for Teradata Workload Analyzer (Teradata WA). For detailed information about installing Teradata WA, see Teradata Tools and Utilities Installation Guide for Microsoft Windows (B035-2407). Note: Teradata WA 14.10 is not compatible with Teradata Database versions earlier than 13.10. Required Database Permissions Important! To work with Teradata WA, the user must be granted privileges to execute macros and stored procedures in the database TDWM and the DBQL table. Note: If the “External DBQL” log option is selected for PSA migration/New workload recommendations, the GRANT option for SELECT on DUMP DBQL tables must be given to TDWM. Do this by logging on to the system as DBC and granting SELECT permission to TDWM on DBQL tables from the External DBQL database. Note: To access external databases successfully, there must be at least three DBQL tables in the external database for analysis, such as DBLogtbl, DBQLSummaryTbl, and DBQLObjtbl or corresponding *_HST tables (a PS setup). The DBQLObjtbl (or corresponding *_HST table) is necessary for Teradata WA 14.10 to perform analysis on data objects (‘Where’ classification parameters). Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 19 Chapter 2: Getting Started Before You Start Teradata WA: Setting Up the TDWM Database Objects Required Software You must have the following software installed on your system: • Teradata Database 14.10, 14.0, or 13.10 running on one of these operating systems: • Linux • Windows® Server 2003 Note: Teradata WA supports access to a custom database called TDWM, which stores workload definitions and related data. Teradata WA works in combination with Viewpoint Workload Designer in dynamically managing workloads for Teradata Database 14.10. For Teradata Database 13.x, however, Teradata WA 14.10 provides menu-option access to Teradata Dynamic Workload Manager (TDWM) 12.00 or 13.00 respectively. For more information about the TDWM database and instructions for using TDWM 12.00 or 13.00, see Database Administration (B035-1093), and Teradata Dynamic Workload Manager User Guide (B035-2513), for the appropriate release. • Teradata Call-Level Interface version 2 (CLIv2) release 14.10 • TDICU 14.10 • TeraGSS 14.10 Note: These are CLIv2 dependencies. Before You Start Teradata WA: Setting Up the TDWM Database Objects In releases prior to TTU14.0, the DIP script (DIPTDWM - TDWM Configuration) set up the TDWM database objects. Starting with TTU14.0, the DIP script (DIPTDWM - TDWM Configuration) sets up the TDWM tables, but TWA itself handles setting up the required objects (procedures and macros) for client operations. To setup the TWA objects 1 Connect to the TD14.10 Database using the TWA application. While connecting to the database, the TWA application checks whether the required TWA objects exist in the TDWM database or not. If they do not exist, TWA displays a prompt. 20 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 2: Getting Started Before You Start Teradata WA: Enabling TASM 2 Do one of the following: • Click Yes to create objects for TWA database operations. • Click No to connect to the database without creating objects. There is also an option to setup the TWA objects at any time by clicking Tools > twa dbs setup. Before You Start Teradata WA: Enabling TASM The Viewpoint TDWM data collection task must be configured to display Workload Monitor and Workload Health. Enabling the advanced features of Teradata Active Systems Management (TASM) in an environment requires establishment of the operating rules and goals described in the following subsections. Creating Workload Management Rules Teradata WA provides the ability to analyze current Teradata Database usage and recommend workload management rules appropriate for the system. Create these rules using one of the following methods: • Saving the PDSet to the database for migration • To enable detail or summary logging for a specific user or account Saving the PDSet to the database for migration Use this method if the optimal priority scheduler settings have already been created for the workload. Note: Skip this procedure if Priority Scheduler Administrator (PSA) is already used to manage your priority scheduler settings. To save existing Priority Scheduler settings 1 Create a PDSet that contains your Priority Scheduler settings. 2 If more than one set of priority scheduler settings is used (for example, one configuration during the day and another at night), then create PDSets for the time that each priority scheduler configuration is active. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 21 Chapter 2: Getting Started Before You Start Teradata WA: Enabling TASM TWA migrates PDsets currently available in the DBCMngr database. Capturing the DBQL Query Log Use this second method if your site uses the default priority scheduler settings. This method requires logging query activity to DBQL for the period of time that represents a typical workload (for example, one week). Note: Skip this procedure if DBQL data is already collected for your workloads. To enable detail or summary logging for a specific user or account Teradata WA analyzes both the DBQL detail and summary tables. The detail table contains one row for each query submitted. The summary table is more efficient: it is updated at periodic intervals with a count of the number of queries submitted by each user account. ✔ To enable detail logging, enter one of these commands at a command console: BEGIN QUERY LOGGING ON USER1, USER2, USER3; BEGIN QUERY LOGGING ON ACCOUNT = (‘ACCT1’, ‘ACCT2’, ‘ACCT3’); ✔ To enable summary logging, enter one of these commands: BEGIN QUERY LOGGING LIMIT THRESHOLD = 3600 ON USER1, USER2; BEGIN QUERY LOGGING LIMIT THRESHOLD = 3600 ON ACCOUNT = (‘ACCT1’); ✔ To disable detail or summary logging, use one of these commands: END QUERY LOGGING ON USER1, USER2, USER3; END QUERY LOGGING ON ACCOUNT = (‘ACCT1’, ‘ACCT2’, ‘ACCT3’); ✔ TWA also uses data from the DBQL Step Table, if available, for analysis on estimated processing time. The syntax for step data looks something like this: BEGIN QUERY LOGGING WITH STEPINFO ON USER1; Note: This turns on both detail and step logging for “user1” — there is no syntax for turning on only stepinfo. For assistance with DBQL syntax and usage, see SQL Data Definition Language (B035-1144), and Database Administration (B035-1093). What To Do About Large Volumes of DBQL Data If the DBQL table contains large volumes of data, this may cause very long query execution times or a shortage of spool space while using Teradata WA. The recommended solution to this is to implement DBQL maintenance tables using Teradata Professional Services group guidelines. For information on recommended DBQL maintenance tables, see Database Administration (B035-1093) for 14.10. Viewing the Error Log Teradata Workload Analyzer logs low level information useful for Global Support Center (GSC) operations in the TWA.log file located in this directory: Drive:\Documents and Settings\user\My Documents\Teradata\DBM Logs\ 22 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 2: Getting Started Starting Teradata WA Starting Teradata WA Start Teradata WA from the Windows Start menu. To start Teradata WA ✔ From the Start menu, point to Programs, and click Teradata Workload Analyzer. The Teradata Workload Analyzer window opens. To exit Teradata WA ✔ From the menu bar of the Teradata WA main window, select File > Exit. Login and Configuration This section describes connecting to the Teradata Database and defining initial settings for the Teradata WA application. Connecting to the Database Before working with Teradata WA, a connection to the Teradata Database as user tdwm must be established. No local mode is available. Note: User tdwm must be created before continuing. Create this user by running a DIP script. For more information about DIP scripts, see Utilities: Volume 1 (A-K) (B035-1102). To connect to the Teradata Database as user tdwm 1 Open the Connect to Teradata Database dialog box by doing one of the following: on the Teradata Workload Analyzer window toolbar. • Click • Select File > Connect. • Press Ctrl+L. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 23 Chapter 2: Getting Started Login and Configuration 2 In the Connect to Teradata Database dialog box, enter the database connection parameters. See Table 1. Table 1: Connect to Teradata Database dialog box Option Description System (DBS) Name Name of the database to connect to; Teradata WA uses this to store workload definitions and related data. User Name Teradata WA requires the user to log on as user tdwm. The name in this field cannot be edited. Password Password associated with the user tdwm. Note: The default password for this user is tdwmadmin. To change this password, use the MODIFY USER statement. For information about using this statement, see Database Administration (B035-1093). Session Character Set This option is not available. A DIP script creates a default character session set [ASCII for standard, KAJISJIS_0S for Kanjienabled systems (Japanese)]. By default, a UTF-16 character set is displayed. For more information about DIP scripts, see Utilities: Volume 1 (A-K) (B035-1102). 3 [Optional] Click More to reveal advanced login options. See Table 2. Table 2: Connect to Teradata Database dialog box Advanced Options 24 Option Description Authentication Mechanism Select the authentication mechanism value in the list box. Authentication Parameter Type the appropriate authentication parameter for the selected authentication mechanism. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 2: Getting Started Login and Configuration Table 2: Connect to Teradata Database dialog box Advanced Options (continued) 4 Option Description Default Database Select the default database used, if any. Account String Select the account string, if any. Click OK. When connected, the Teradata Workload Analyzer window displays the following: • In the lower left corner of the window: Ready • In the lower right corner of the window: Logged on to database_name as user_name. To disconnect from the database ✔ Disconnect from the database by doing one of the following: on the Teradata Workload Analyzer window toolbar. • Click • Click File > Disconnect. • Press CTRL+G. Adding Initial Workload Periods for PSA Migration Before PSA migration, system periods must be set up to associate with the workloads. Defining multiple system periods allows the system to handle workloads differently depending on the time of day, day of the month, and so on. In addition, allocation groups and resource partitions that are defined in Priority Scheduler Administrator or Teradata Dynamic Workload Manager can be associated with the workload periods. There are three options for defining system periods: • Import system periods from any rule set by clicking Import From Ruleset • Import system periods from a .pds file by clicking Import From File • Create a new system period by clicking Add Period To add initial workload periods for PSA migration 1 Open the Define Periods (Operating Environments) dialog box. You can do this in one of the following ways: on the Workload Analyzer toolbar. • Click • Click Tools > Define System Periods. The Define Periods (Operating Environments) dialog box appears. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 25 Chapter 2: Getting Started Login and Configuration Table 3 describes the options for the Define Periods (Operating Environments) dialog box. Table 3: Define Periods (Operating Environments) dialog box Option Description Import From Ruleset Imports system periods from an existing rule set. Import From File Imports system periods from a file. Save To File Saves system periods to a .pds file. Periods Displays available system periods. Description Displays descriptions of available system periods. Add Period Adds a new system period to the Periods list. Delete Period Deletes the selected system period from the Periods list. Everyday Defines this period for every day usage. This is the default setting. Day of Week 26 Defines this period for usage on specific days of every week. If using this option, click the check box for each day of the week to be included. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 2: Getting Started Login and Configuration Table 3: Define Periods (Operating Environments) dialog box (continued) Option Description Month/Day Defines this period for usage on specific months of the year and days of the month. Click the Months button to display the Select Months dialog box; under Select Months, click the check box for each month to be included and click OK. Then click the Days button to display the Select Days dialog box; under Select Days, click the check box for each day to be included and click OK. Notice that the Months box under the Date/Time tab shows the numerals for the months or days selected. If there is a range of days or months, these may be separated by a comma or a hyphen as appropriate. 24 Hours Defines this period for usage 24 hours at a time. To define the period for less than 24 hours at a time, de-select this check box. The default is “selected”. From Defines the period starting time, where HH can be any hour from 0 (12:00 A.M.) to 23 (11:00 P.M.) and MM can be any number of minutes from 0 to 59. The default start time is 0:00. To Defines the period ending time in HH:MM format, where HH can be any hour from 0 (12:00 A.M.) to 23 (11:00 P.M.) and MM can be any number of minutes from 0 to 59. The default end time is 23:59. Wrap Around Midnight to Next Day Defines a range in time that spans midnight for system periods to be in effect. When the numeric value of the time specified in the From text box is greater than the numeric value of the time specified in the To text box, two conceptual time segments are available: • Start at midnight until the time specified in the To text box. • Start from the time specified in the From text box to midnight. Accept 2 Accepts the changes made to the Time box. To import the periods from a rule set, do the following: a Click Import From Rule Set. The Select Rule Set dialog box appears. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 27 Chapter 2: Getting Started Login and Configuration 3 b Active Rule Set displays the currently active rule set. c Click on a row in the Existing Rule Sets list to select a different rule set, or click Use Active Rule Set to continue using the active rule set. d Click OK to save the selection. To import the periods from a file, do the following: a Click Import From File. The standard Open file dialog appears. 4 b Select the appropriate .pds file. c Click OK. To create a new system period, do the following: a Click Add Period. The Add Period dialog box appears. 28 b In the Period Name text box, type a name for the new period. c In the Description text box, type a brief description of the period. d Click OK. e The new period name displays in the Periods list. f Clear the Everyday check box and define the days and months that this workload period should be in effect. g Clear the 24 Hours check box to define the hours that this workload period should be in effect. h Click the Date/Time tab and define the days and times that this workload period should be in effect. i After completing these changes as appropriate, click Accept. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 2: Getting Started Login and Configuration j Click Save to File. The new system period is saved to a .pds file. Configuring Application Options This section discusses the setting of Teradata WA options, allowing for configuration of application settings. The Show Distinct Count option allows the display of the number of distinct value counts for all possible correlation parameters. It also allows the display of total available ranges for distribution parameters. This feature provides an automated, intermediate analysis step to identify distinct value counts within all possible correlation parameters as well as a “heterogeneous” identification metric for the workload in general. For example, with respect to the distinct value counts, a workload could display the following characteristics. Figure 3: Example of workload and its distinct value counts Example of a workload and its distinct value counts User Name (24) Application (1) Account Name (1) Client Addresses (2) Queryband Function (3) Urgency (1) AggLevel (8) Estimated Processing Time (0 to 1000 seconds) AMP Count (0 to 1) 2514A012 In Figure 3, the DBA benefits from the knowledge that there is only one distinct Application or Account, which run at the same urgency, so the effort in identifying a correlation against a different Application, Account, or other urgency values would be a waste of time. The opportunity for correlation does exist for Users (24), Function (3), and Agglevel (8), so those options could be further analyzed in a trial and error method. The same process is applicable for selecting a distribution parameter because the Estimated Process Time has a large range, and drill-down required for analysis and classification. The Show Distinct Count option is useful in avoiding unnecessary trial and error analysis by providing a direct analysis of distinct value counts in a workload. The distinct value counts are updated after each level of analysis. See “Using Deep Drill-Down and Refinement for Workload Analysis” on page 96 for more information. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 29 Chapter 2: Getting Started Getting to Know the Teradata WA Interface To define Teradata WA options 1 From the Tools menu, select Options. The Options dialog box appears. 2 Fill in the options as described in the table. Option Contains Show Distinct Count Select this check box to display the distinct value counts for workload correlation parameters and the total available range for distribution parameters on the Analyze Workload tab. Workload Prefix The default characters used as the prefix in the workload definition name. The default is WD. Type a new value if appropriate. Note: Using long prefixes can result in long workload definition names that might not be displayed properly in Viewpoint Workload reports. Keep prefixes as short as practical. 3 Click OK to save the changes, or Cancel to discard them and start over. Getting to Know the Teradata WA Interface The Teradata WA user interface provides options for developing workloads and allocating service level goals. Table 4 lists the menu items of the Teradata WA interface. 30 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 2: Getting Started Getting to Know the Teradata WA Interface Table 4: Teradata WA Menus and Options Menu Option Used to... For more information, see... File Connect Connects to the Teradata Database. Displays “To connect to the Teradata the Connect dialog box requiring logon Database as user tdwm” on information. page 23 Alternatively, click on the toolbar, or press Ctrl+L for this option. Disconnect Disconnects from the Teradata Database. Alternatively, click on the toolbar, or press Ctrl+G for this option. View Exit Exits from Teradata Workload Analyzer. “To exit Teradata WA” on page 23 Toolbar Toggles the status of toolbar visibility. — Status Bar Toggles the status of status bar visibility. — Active Rule Set Displays the active workload rule set information. “Viewing the Active Rule Set” on page 170 Alternatively, click this option. Navigation Help Convert PDSets to Workloads… on the toolbar for Displays a checklist of tasks required to convert PDSets to Workloads. Alternatively, click Analysis “To disconnect from the database” on page 25 “Using the Navigation Help” on page 33 on the toolbar. Converts PDSet information created using the Priority Scheduler Administrator into equivalent workloads. “PDSet to Workload Mapping Considerations” on page 35 Alternatively, click on the toolbar, or press Ctrl+D for this option. New Workload Recommendations Generates workload rules. Existing Workload Analysis Starts the analysis of existing workloads. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Alternatively, click on the toolbar, or press Ctrl+L or Ctrl+W for this option. Alternatively, click on the toolbar, or press Ctrl+E for this option. “Obtaining New Workload Recommendations” on page 51 “Existing Workload Analysis” on page 127 31 Chapter 2: Getting Started Getting to Know the Teradata WA Interface Table 4: Teradata WA Menus and Options (continued) Menu Option Used to... For more information, see... Tools Teradata Dynamic Workload Manager Starts the Teradata Dynamic Workload Manager application from Teradata WA for users running Teradata Database 12.0 through 13.0 only. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide (B035-2514), Releases 12.00 through 13.00. Alternatively, click this option. Define System Periods… Defines period definitions at the system level global to all workloads. Alternatively, click this option. Help on the toolbar for “Adding Initial Workload Periods for PSA Migration” on page 25 on the toolbar for Options Specifies application level options. “Configuring Application Options” on page 29 Help Contents Displays a browser window containing online Help contents and topics. “Online Help for Teradata Workload Analyzer” on page 33 Alternatively, click this option. About Teradata Workload Analyzer on the toolbar for Displays the About dialog box that provides useful information about Teradata WA and the current database session, including database version and release numbers. — During the process of creating a new workload recommendation, the left pane of the window lists workload definitions as separate nodes in the Candidate Workloads tree. Additional nodes appear under each workload definition for attributes and service level goals. (By design, the Default workload definition does not have service level goals.) Figure 4: Candidate Workloads Tree in left pane of window For more information, see: 32 • “Step 3: Defining Service Level Goals to Get the Most Out of Reports” on page 88 • “Working with Workload Attributes” on page 147 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 2: Getting Started Online Help for Teradata Workload Analyzer Note: To toggle display of workloads on and off, from the View menu, click View Workloads. When you check this menu option (checked is the default), the Teradata WA user interface displays the Candidate Workloads tree; otherwise, it is not displayed. Online Help for Teradata Workload Analyzer Teradata WA online help answers questions about how to use Teradata WA features. Online help (including context-sensitive help) opens in a browser window. Microsoft Internet Explorer version 6.0 or later is the recommended browser for viewing online help and contextsensitive help. A browser other than the recommended browser might result in incorrectly displayed help. Using the Navigation Help The Navigation Help guides users through the process of converting PDSets to Workloads. The Navigation Help provides a checklist of actions to perform. A check mark appears next to each completed action. To start Navigation Help ✔ Select View > Navigation Help, or click on the toolbar. The Navigation Help menu is automatically displayed when selecting Analysis > Convert PDSets to Workloads. Displaying Information About Teradata Workload Analyzer To display information about Teradata Workload Analyzer The About screen provides useful information about Teradata WA and the current database session, including database version and release numbers. ✔ Select Help > About Teradata Workload Analyzer. The About dialog appears as shown in Figure 5. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 33 Chapter 2: Getting Started Displaying Information About Teradata Workload Analyzer Figure 5: About Teradata Workload Analyzer dialog 34 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide CHAPTER 3 Converting PDSets to Workloads This section describes the process of converting your existing PDSets to workloads. It includes the following: • PDSet to Workload Mapping Considerations • The PDSet to Workload Conversion PDSet to Workload Mapping Considerations PDSets must meet the following requirements to successfully map to workloads: • There must be a one-to-one correlation between workloads and performance groups. • Only one performance period is allowed per performance group. • One workload is created for each account. However, if the total number of accounts for all PDSets is 35 or more, one workload is created per performance group. • If multiple accounts are available for a workload/performance group, the account names are OR’d in the classification table, creating multiple rows - one per account. • If no associated account is found in DBQL for a performance group, then it is marked inactive. There is no workload created in this case. • The Classify Condition for Acct is AcctName. • If an “inactive performance group” is overridden to an “active” one, then the Classify Condition is: Acct = $PGName (the Priority Group part of the performance group). Note: If the message “The PSA database is Locked by another user” appears when running PSA migration, it means that either the PSA database is currently being accessed or that a previous user of the PSA database exited without freeing the lock. The standard resolution in this case would be to wait to for the lock to be released. If after a period of time you suspect the lock is hung, you should determine if it is safe to free the lock manually and then repeat the operation. The PDSet to Workload Conversion This section describes the process of PDset to workload conversion. This section contains the following: • Selecting PDSets for Conversion • Viewing Priority Scheduler Settings Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 35 Chapter 3: Converting PDSets to Workloads The PDSet to Workload Conversion • Displaying Logs of Conversion Messages • Converting Priority Scheduler Settings to Workloads • Defining SLGs for Converted PDSets Selecting PDSets for Conversion To select PDSets for conversion 1 Do one of the following: on the Workload Analyzer toolbar. • Click • Select Analysis > Convert PDSets to Workloads. • Press Ctrl+D. If there are no scheduled PDSets available, the Select PDSet(s) dialog box appears. Teradata WA retrieves any scheduled PDSets. • To define a new period, click Define Periods. The Define Periods (Operating Environments) dialog box appears. 36 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 3: Converting PDSets to Workloads The PDSet to Workload Conversion The fields and controls on this dialog box are described in the table below. Table 5: Define Periods dialog box Option Description Import From Ruleset Imports system periods from an existing rule set. Import From File Imports system periods from a file. Save To File Saves the system period to a .pds file. Periods Displays the available system periods or imported periods from the rule set or file. Description Displays descriptions of the available system periods. Add Period Adds a new system period to the Periods list. Delete Period Deletes the selected system period from the Periods list. Everyday Defines this period for every day usage. This is the default setting. Day of Week Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Defines this period for usage on specific days of every week. If using this option, click the check box for each day of the week to be included. 37 Chapter 3: Converting PDSets to Workloads The PDSet to Workload Conversion Table 5: Define Periods dialog box (continued) Option Description Month/Day Defines this period for usage on specific months of the year and days of the month. Click the Months button to display the Select Months dialog box; under Select Months, click the check box for each month to be included and click OK. Then click the Days button to display the Select Days dialog box; under Select Days, click the check box for each day to be included and click OK. Notice that the Months box under the Date/Time tab shows the numerals for the months or days selected. If there is a range of days or months, these may be separated by a comma or a hyphen as appropriate. 24 Hours Defines this period for usage 24 hours at a time. To define the period for less than 24 hours at a time, de-select this check box. The default is “selected”. From Defines the period starting time, where HH can be any hour from 0 (12:00 A.M.) to 23 (11:00 P.M.) and MM can be any number of minutes from 0 to 59. The default start time is 0:00. To Defines the period ending time in HH:MM format, where HH can be any hour from 0 (12:00 A.M.) to 23 (11:00 P.M.) and MM can be any number of minutes from 0 to 59. The default end time is 23:59. Wrap Around Midnight to Next Day Defines a range in time that spans midnight for system periods to be in effect. When the numeric value of the time specified in the From text box is greater than the numeric value of the time specified in the To text box, two conceptual time segments are available: • Start at midnight until the time specified in the To text box. • Start from the time specified in the From text box to midnight. Accept • Accepts the changes made to the Time box. To instruct Teradata WA to include active performance groups, click DBQL Inputs in the Select PDSet(s) dialog box. The date and time range of activity logged in DBQL can be modified in the Data Collection Interval dialog box. Note: If the DBQL data has been migrated to another database as described in “What To Do About Large Volumes of DBQL Data” on page 22, do the following: in the Data Collection Interval dialog box, select External DBQL as the Log Option, and enter workdata as the Database name. 38 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 3: Converting PDSets to Workloads The PDSet to Workload Conversion Teradata WA obtains the performance groups for accounts which had activity during the defined interval. Otherwise, Teradata WA uses the data dictionary (dbc.users) table to determine performance groups. 2 Under Available PDSets, click the name of the PDSet to be converted and ensure that: • An OpEnv is selected. This is required for conversion. • A PDSet has been associated with the Default period. • The entire row is selected (indicated by black shading), not just the cell containing the PDSet name. For example: Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 39 Chapter 3: Converting PDSets to Workloads The PDSet to Workload Conversion Teradata WA associates the PDSet with a period in DWM that most closely corresponds to the performance period defined in the PDSet. To select multiple PDSets, hold down the Ctrl key and click the names of the PDSets you want to select from column 1 of the table. 3 4 Under Available PDSets, also select an OpEnv and select or clear the Default check box as appropriate. Only one PDSet can be associated with the Default period. • If the operating environment does not appear in the OpEnv list box, click the Define Periods button to create additional periods as described in “Adding Initial Workload Periods for PSA Migration” on page 25. • To specify the range of data included to obtain active performance groups, click the DBQL Inputs button and, in the Data Collection Interval dialog box, change the Date Range, the Time Window, or both. Click OK when finished. Repeat this process, as applicable, for each PDSet to be converted. Then click Proceed to load the detailed parameters for the PDSets. When DWM has finished retrieving the settings, the Existing PSA Setting tab appears. By default the Existing PSA Setting tab shows information for all RPs and the associated periods. 40 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 3: Converting PDSets to Workloads The PDSet to Workload Conversion Scheduled PDSets When migrating scheduled PDSets, the operating environments (Periods) will be derived from the scheduling information in the PDSets. If there are multiple scheduled PDSets and any of the PDSets contains time of day milestones, an error message will be displayed as a Rule Set cannot be created from multiple PDSets when any of the PDSets uses time of day (TOD) milestones. Viewing Priority Scheduler Settings To view Priority Scheduler settings 1 Choose from the following: • To view information for a specific RP, select the appropriate RP in the RP Name list box of the Existing PSA Setting tab. • To change the associated period, select an appropriate period name in the OpEnv list box. • To display or modify the details for the selected period, click OpEnv Details. When the appropriate RP appears, notice that the tab displays the following information from the original PDSet. Option Description RP Name The RP name associated with the PDSet PG Name The performance group in the corresponding resource partition PG Status The performance group status as active (the PG currently has active processes) or inactive (the PG currently has no processes active). To change the status, click or clear the check box as appropriate. Account The account string associated with the RP and PG Milestone The performance period type associated with the milestone in the PDSet Allocation Group The allocation group associated with each performance period. Multiple columns appear for each performance period, starting with PerformancePeriod1 Milestone Value The milestone limit defined for the performance period in the PDSet AG Weights Displays allocation group weights for the resource partition in the Existing Priority Scheduler Weights dialog box Convert Displays the converted PDSets as workload definitions in the Migrated TASM Settings dialog box Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 41 Chapter 3: Converting PDSets to Workloads The PDSet to Workload Conversion Option Description Convert by Account Converts the PDSets as workload definitions based on Accounts. Note: If the number of workloads exceeds the maximum when this option is selected, an error message (62218) prompts you to exclude some accounts from the conversion or to try to create the workloads by PG instead. Convert by Performance Group Converts the PDSets as workload definitions based on Performance Groups. Note: If the number of workloads exceeds the maximum when this option is selected, an error message (62218) prompts you to exclude some PGs from the conversion. Close 2 Closes the dialog box. To see allocation group weights for the resource partition, click AG Weights. The Existing Priority Scheduler Weights dialog box appears displaying: 42 • PDSet name • OpEnv name • Resource partition name • Resource partition weight • Allocation group name Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 3: Converting PDSets to Workloads The PDSet to Workload Conversion 3 • Allocation group weight • Relative weight When you are finished reviewing the settings, click Close. Displaying Logs of Conversion Messages To display a log of conversion messages 1 On the Existing PSA Setting or Migrated TASM Settings tab, click Show Log to view a report of scheduled PDSets and related periods. The log from the Existing PSA Setting tab shows the number of PDSets selected, the type of migration, and any errors from the merging and migration process. The log from the Migrated TASM Settings tab lists the PDSets that have been converted to workloads and any errors that have occurred during that process. 2 Choose from the following: • Click Save to save the log to a file. • Click Print to send the log to the printer. • Click OK to close the window. Converting Priority Scheduler Settings to Workloads To convert Priority Scheduler settings to workloads 1 In the Existing PSA Setting dialog box, click Convert. The Migrated TASM Settings tab appears. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 43 Chapter 3: Converting PDSets to Workloads The PDSet to Workload Conversion Notice that the dialog box provides the following new workload definition information: • RP Weight • AG Name • Enforcement Priority • AG Weight • Relative Weight • Previous Relative • Workload Name • Classify Criteria By default, the conversion maps the PDSet “as is.” However, if you select Simplified Structure, DWM maps the PDSet such that the default RP is not used for requests even if the original PDSet did so. Instead, DWM creates a new RP for the work from the Default RP, reserving the Default RP for system work. A tactical partition is created for shortrunning, high-priority tactical queries, and the Standard partition runs the remaining work. 2 After selecting either Remap As Is or Simplified Structure, click Continue to complete the conversion. 3 Click Cancel to exit the dialog box. 4 In the Parameters window, click View CPU Distribution. This prompts Teradata WA to group accounts into workloads and displays the PSA to DWM Conversion - CPU Distribution dialog box. 44 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 3: Converting PDSets to Workloads The PDSet to Workload Conversion 5 The fields and controls on this dialog box are described in the table below. Option Description Log Option Select the appropriate log from these options: • DBQL (default) • External DBQL External DBQL contains DBQL data which has been copied to a database other than DBC. Its table schema can be identical to DBQL, but for improved performance Teradata recommends that DBQL data be copied to a history database defined according to Professional Services guidelines. See Database Administration (B035-1093). Database The database being analyzed. Date Range Enter the starting and ending dates of the range of the data collected. The displayed date format depends on the regional settings of the PC. To select a date from a calendar pop-up window, click the drop-down arrow. The default start date is a month prior to the current system date; the default end date is the current system date. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 45 Chapter 3: Converting PDSets to Workloads The PDSet to Workload Conversion Option Description Time Window Enter the starting and ending times of the range in HH format, using a 24-hour clock. Alternatively, click the drop-down arrow to select an hour from the list. The default Start Hour is 00 (12:00 A.M.) and the default End Hour is 23 (11:00 P.M.). Note: Teradata WA includes all of the specified End Hour in its analysis. For example, End Hour 23 means analyze DBQL data up to and including 23:59:59.99. 6 OpEnv Select the period. Click the ... button to populate the list with all available periods.The default is Always. Top N Value This value indicates the number of the most resourceintensive workloads to analyze. For example, 3 analyzes the three most resource-intensive workloads running (10 is the default). View CPU Distribution Calculates CPU distribution of workloads. Save Rule Set Saves the current rule set. Select Rule Set > Calculate All WD SLGs. A progress bar appears while Teradata WA determines the service level goal recommendations. These appear in the SLG Recommendations pane. 46 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 3: Converting PDSets to Workloads The PDSet to Workload Conversion Defining SLGs for Converted PDSets To define service level goals for converted PDSets 1 In the SLG Recommendations dialog box, view the default parameters and resulting service level recommendations, along with the resulting chart. 2 Set the options as described in the table below. Option Description SLG Parameters Displays the service parameters that can be viewed or modified to generate Teradata WA SLG recommendations. Click a service parameter in the list or accept the default (Response Time) as appropriate. When a listed parameter is selected: • that parameter appears as the horizontal axis of the chart • after selecting the Set Manual option, the value of all parameters can be edited in the SLG Recommendations window Changing the setting prompts Teradata WA to update the graph immediately. OpEnv Displays the available operating environments. Click an operating environment in the list box or accept Always as appropriate. Changing the setting prompts Teradata WA to update the graph immediately. Set Manually Click this check box (cleared by default) to modify the recommended service levels. Recommended SLG When setting levels manually, you can change the selected service parameter’s recommended value (shown highlighted in white). No other values are available for edited (shown shaded). Arrival rate, Response Time, Throughput and Service Percent appear. The response time goal shown is the value that would satisfy a 80% goal. 3 Recommend on current Service percent Displays the current performance baseline that Teradata WA automatically uses for determining service level recommendations. You can adjust this as appropriate. Factor by Modifies the SLG parameter, with a factor of 1 being the same as today, 0.1 being 10 times faster than today, 10.0 being 10 times slower than today. Click Apply. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 47 Chapter 3: Converting PDSets to Workloads The PDSet to Workload Conversion 48 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide CHAPTER 4 Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs This section describes how to plan, select, and analyze new workloads to meet service level goals using Teradata WA. It consists of the following: • Planning New Workloads for Analysis • Obtaining New Workload Recommendations • Step 1: Defining An Initial Set of Workloads • Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads • Step 3: Defining Service Level Goals to Get the Most Out of Reports • Step 4: Mapping Workloads to Allocation Groups • Step 5: Creating the Workloads • Using Deep Drill-Down and Refinement for Workload Analysis Planning New Workloads for Analysis The keys to developing service level goals and distributing resources adequately to achieve those goals are: • Identifying new candidate workloads • Segmenting them into manageable pieces • Assigning them appropriate priorities Teradata WA enables administrators to understand their resource-intensive workloads at a high level. Instead of identifying workloads on the SQL statement level, Teradata WA defines them by account or application. This isolates workloads in a way that is more relevant to the business of the enterprise. Administrators can associate resource demands with “who” is generating the work or by “what” work is being done. When Database Administrators know these critical factors, they can make informed choices about allocating resources in the best interests of the organization. For example, a mission-critical application that is not resource-intensive might be a single workload and a single service-level goal with a high percentage of resources allocated, while ad-hoc applications can be grouped together and supported at a lower percentage of service. In addition to identifying workloads from a business perspective, it is important to find a way to segment the workloads for effective management. If the majority of work is attributable to a single application, it is nearly impossible to break that work down and distribute resources across the work according to its priority. In this case, organizing a workload according to Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 49 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Planning New Workloads for Analysis accounts might be more reasonable. For example, the DBA might identify the user groups, departments, or divisions performing the work and assign priorities based on the needs of those groups. These priorities would determine the allocation of resources to them. More important workloads should receive a greater share of system resources so that they process before others. In addition, workloads expected to process quickly should be set at a higher priority, while slower ones should be set at a lower priority. In this way, administrators use not only a technical but also a business orientation to determine workload selection when creating new workload recommendations using Teradata WA. Teradata WA performs analysis using three fundamental criteria, with each representing a greater level of granularity: • “Who” is requesting the work? • “What” are the request’s performance characteristics? • “Where” is the request targeted? “Who” is the account or application that initiated the queries, “what” are performancerelated characteristics of the queries, and “where” is the database against which the queries run. Based on these criteria, some obvious associations can be made between similar queries to assign them to the same workloads for the sake of efficiency. However, for best results, look next at the query components and characteristics at finer levels of detail, to ensure they are appropriately for greatest optimization. The data Teradata WA uses to tune workloads for management according to criteria and granularity level is described in Table 6. Table 6: Comparison of Granularity Levels and Classification Criteria Granularity Level Type of Criteria Includes Low Who • • • • • • • • Medium Who, What The Who criteria plus: Account Account String Application Client IP Address Client ID for logon Profile Username QueryBand • Type of statement (SELECT, DDL, DML, or Collect Stats), individually or in combination • UtilityType • AMP usage (one or a fewer at most) • Minimum and maximum estimated row counts, including final row counts • Minimum and maximum estimated CPU time 50 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Obtaining New Workload Recommendations Table 6: Comparison of Granularity Levels and Classification Criteria (continued) Granularity Level Type of Criteria Includes High Who, What, Where The Who and What criteria plus: • • • • • • • Databases Tables Views Macros Stored Procedures Function Method Obtaining New Workload Recommendations The first level of analysis is performed with the New Workload Recommendation option, using criteria based on account, user name, application, or profile. First Level Analysis Features As part of the analysis process, Teradata WA: • Recommends workload definitions based on automated analysis of DBQL using “who,” “what,” and “where” parameters • Merges two or more workload definitions (user-enabled) • Splits workload definitions (user-enabled) • Recommends appropriate workload service level goals • Recommends workload to allocation group (AG) mapping plus priority scheduler weights The Steps to Creating New Workload Recommendations The new workload recommendation process involves five major steps: • “Step 1: Defining An Initial Set of Workloads” on page 52 Define an initial set of workloads by grouping one or more accounts, users, applications, or profiles. • “Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads” on page 63 and “Using Deep Drill-Down and Refinement for Workload Analysis” on page 96 [Optional] Analyze workloads, using one or more deeper levels of analysis to potentially provide multi-level classifications on additional “who,” “where,” or “what” criteria parameters. • “Step 3: Defining Service Level Goals to Get the Most Out of Reports” on page 88 Recommend service level goals for the workloads. • “Step 4: Mapping Workloads to Allocation Groups” on page 90 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 51 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 1: Defining An Initial Set of Workloads Develop Priority Scheduler Mapping recommendations and weights for each workload definition. • “Step 5: Creating the Workloads” on page 94 Save the analysis results by creating a new workload. Step 1: Defining An Initial Set of Workloads The new workload recommendations process begins with defining the DBQL inputs for workloads. This is the first level of analysis. Defining DBQL Inputs To define DBQL inputs 1 Do one of the following: in the Workload Analyzer toolbar. • Click • Select Analysis > New Workload Recommendations. • Press Ctrl+W. The Define DBQL Inputs dialog box appears. 52 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 1: Defining An Initial Set of Workloads 2 Fill in the fields as described in the following table. Option Description Log Option Select the appropriate log from these options: • DBQL (this is the default) • External DBQL Click the ... button to load the database choices into the selection box, then select the database. External DBQL contains DBQL data that has been copied to a database other than DBC. Its table schema can be identical to DBQL, but for improved performance Teradata recommends that DBQL data be copied to a history database defined according to Professional Services guidelines. See Database Administration (B035-1093). Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 53 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 1: Defining An Initial Set of Workloads Option Description Date Range In the appropriate boxes, enter the starting date (From) and ending date (To) of the range of the data collected. The displayed date format depends on the regional settings of the PC. To select a date from a calendar popup window, click the drop-down arrow. The default end date is one day prior to the current system date; the default start date is one week (7 days) prior to the default end date. Time Select this option to specify a time window of less than 24 hours. In the appropriate boxes, enter the starting and ending times of the range in HH:MM:SS format, using a 24hour clock. The default start time is 00:00:00 (12:00 A.M.) and the default end time is 23:59:59 (11:59:59 P.M.). To select a time that spans midnight, select a start time greater than the end time from the Time of Day box. Note: Teradata WA includes all of the specified end time in its analysis. For example, an end time of 23:59:59 means analyze DBQL data up to and including 23:59:59.99. Top N Filter Select this option to filter the returned data. Top N Value Enter a value indicating the number of the most resource-intensive workloads to analyze. For example, enter 3 to analyze the three most resource-intensive workloads running (10 is the default). Note: For better performance, implement an external historical copy of DBQL data using Professional Services guidelines and definitions, and use the same external database for workload analysis. Filter within Range Select this option to filter the returned data by days of the week and times of day. When selected, the Every Day and 24 Hours checkboxes become enabled and selected. Every Day When the Filter within Range check box is selected as described in the previous row of this table, the Every Day check box becomes enabled and selected. If left in that condition, returned data will be captured in the database every day of the week. Clear the Every Day check box to select specific days of the week to exclude from data capture. When the Every Day check box is cleared, all options in the Day of Week pane are enabled and selected. Clear one or more of the check boxes for options Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday to exclude data capture on those days of the week. 54 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 1: Defining An Initial Set of Workloads Option Description 24 Hours When the Filter within Range check box is selected as described earlier in this table, the 24 Hours check box becomes enabled and selected. If left in that condition, returned data will be captured in the database 24 hours per day for each day selected for capture as specified by the Every Day option. Clear the 24 Hours check box to specify a time window of less than 24 hours during which data will be captured. In the appropriate boxes under Time of Day, enter the start time (From) and end time (To) in HH:MM:SS format, using a 24-hour clock. The default start time is 00:00:00 (12:00 A.M.) and the default end time is 23:59:59 (11:59:59 P.M.). To select a time spanning midnight, specify the start time as greater than the end time. Note: Teradata WA includes all of the specified end time in its analysis. For example, an end time of 23:59:59 means analyze DBQL data up to and including 23:59:59.99. Category Select the appropriate category from these options: • Account String Select this option to classify queries based on the account string of the user submitting the workload; this is the default. • Users Select this option to classify queries based on the username submitting the workload. • Applications Select this option to classify queries based on the application that is submitting the workload. • Profile Select this option to classify queries based on the profile attached with the user. 3 After specifying the options, click OK. Teradata WA queries the DBQL. The query process may take several minutes. The Candidate Workload Report window appears. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 55 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 1: Defining An Initial Set of Workloads Figure 6: Candidate Workload Report displays CPU, IO, and Query Volume statistics The Distribution Charts tab shows the same information in a pie chart with a legend pop-up window. Viewing Workloads Using the Candidate Workload Report The Candidate Workload Report window is divided into the following panels: • The right panel displays the Workloads Report. This is a list workloads, the percent of the CPU used to process them, average estimated processing time, and the normalized CPU processing time per query. • The left panel displays the Candidate Workloads tree showing the names of the workloads. After each workload analysis, split, or merge, the workloads redisplay with the evaluation order. See “Viewing Evaluation Order of Candidate Workloads” on page 172 for more information. All workloads created during analysis are temporary workloads until they are saved to the database. The maximum number of workloads supported is 250. There are five default workloads, leaving 245 user-defined workloads. Typically the number of workloads will range between 10 56 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 1: Defining An Initial Set of Workloads and 20 for manageability. On systems with a large number of unassigned requests (accounts or applications, or users), grouping can be used to keep the number of workloads within the supported range. Figure 7: Candidate Workload Report window displaying unassigned requests Table 7 describes the columns in the Candidate Workload report “who” classification. Table 7: Displayed Columns in the Candidate Workload Report - “who” classifications Column Name Description Account String The database-related account string for the user Percent of Total CPU Percentage of the total CPU time (in seconds) used on all AMPs by this session Percent of Total I/O Percentage of the total number of logical input/output (reads and writes) issued across all AMPs by this session Query Count The number of queries in this workload that completed during this collection interval Avg Est Processing Time The average estimated processing time for this user Normalized CPU per Query (Seconds) The minimum, average, maximum, standard deviation, 95th percentile and maximum expected CPU time for queries in this workload. Normalized CPU per Query (Seconds) is the default distribution parameter. Min, Avg, StDev, 95th Percentile, Max Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 57 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 1: Defining An Initial Set of Workloads Table 7: Displayed Columns in the Candidate Workload Report - “who” classifications (continued) Column Name Description UnNormalized CPU per Query (Seconds) The minimum, average, maximum, standard deviation, 95th percentile and maximum expected UnNormalized CPU time for queries in this workload. Min, Avg, StDev, 95th Percentile, Max Response Time (Seconds) Min, Avg, StDev, Max Result Row Count Min, Avg, StDev, Max Disk I/O Per Query Min, Avg, StDev, Max CPU To Disk Ratio Min, Avg, StDev, Max Active AMPS Min, Avg, StDev, Max Spool Usage (Bytes) Min, Avg, StDev, Max CPU Skew (Percent) Min, Avg, StDev, Max I/O Skew (Percent) Min, Avg, StDev, Max The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum response time for queries in this workload The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum result rows returned for this workload The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum disk I/O’s per query for this workload The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum CPU/Disk ratio for this workload The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum number of active AMPs for this workload The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum spool usage across all VProcs for this workload The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum AMP CPU skew for this workload The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum of AMP I/O skew for this workload Grouping Unassigned Requests Into a Workload You can group unassigned requests such as accounts, applications, users, or profiles into a new workload. To group unassigned requests into a workload 1 From the Unassigned Requests report panel, press Ctrl and click the rows to be grouped into a workload. 2 Right-click to display shortcut menu. The options for the Unassigned Requests report shortcut menu are described in the table. 58 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 1: Defining An Initial Set of Workloads 3 Option Submenu option Description Add To New Workload Select a single row or block of rows from the Unassigned Requests report and select this option to create a new workload and add all the selected unassigned accounts, applications, or users to the workload. Existing Workload Select a single row or block of rows from the Unassigned Requests report and click this option to assign these clusters to an already defined workload. Auto-Generate Workloads Automatically generates single, new workloads from the rows in the Unassigned Requests report that contain the “who” criteria. Add Workload Using WildCard Click this option to open the Select WildCard dialog box to assign these clusters with wild card filters. Save Report As Saves the Unassigned Requests report to a file in .xml, .txt, or .html format. Print Report Prints the Unassigned Requests report. Show/Hide Details Hides or displays all unassigned requests under OTHERS row, in case the Top N value selected is greater than the N requests found in the database. If not, this option is unavailable. Click Add To, then click New Workload. The Add Workload dialog box appears. 4 From the Add Workload dialog box, complete the options as appropriate for the new workload. See the following table. Note: If there are more than 31 user-defined workloads and five internally generated workload definitions, the Add Workload dialog box becomes unavailable. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 59 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 1: Defining An Initial Set of Workloads 5 Option Description Name The name of the workload. Description A description of the workload. Enforcement Priority • Tactical - short queries with a fixed response-time requirement. • Priority - important queries that should get extra resources. • Normal - normal queries; this is the default. • Background - low-priority queries with no response time requirement. Click OK. The newly created workload now displays in the Workloads Report section of the Candidate Workload Report window. For information on creating individual workloads for each unassigned request row, see “Creating a Separate New Workload for Each Selected Row” on page 71. To group unassigned requests into an existing workload 1 From the Unassigned Requests report panel, press Ctrl and click the rows to be grouped into an existing workload. 2 Right-click to display shortcut menu. 3 Click Add To, then click Existing Workload. The Select Workload dialog box appears. 60 4 Select the workload you want to add the unassigned requests to. Click OK. 5 The selected unassigned requests are grouped with the existing workload and are removed from the Unassigned requests report. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 1: Defining An Initial Set of Workloads To create a separate new workload for each selected unassigned request 1 Select one or more rows in the Unassigned requests report. 2 Right-click to display the shortcut-menu. 3 Select Auto-Generate Workloads. The Auto-Generate Workloads dialog box appears. For more information, see the AutoGenerate Workloads dialog box options in To create a separate new workload for each selected row and see step 5. 4 Select the options. 5 Click OK. Teradata WA creates a new workload for each unassigned row containing the Criteria #1 attributes. To create a workload from wild card filters A workload can be created from wild card filters for quick specification of classifications. 1 Right-click in the Unassigned requests report. The shortcut-menu displays. 2 Select Add Workload using wild card. The Select Wildcard dialog box displays. 3 The options for the Select WildCard dialog box are described in the table below. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 61 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 1: Defining An Initial Set of Workloads Option Description WildCard Name Enter the name of the wild card, with one of the following supported wild card symbols: • Asterisk (*) - use the asterisk symbol to represent a missing character. For example, if you enter $M* as your search term, your results might return $M$abc, $M$def, and so forth. • Question mark ( ?) - use the question mark symbol to represent one unknown character. Use it when you have a list of similar names, or are unsure of a few characters. 62 Selected WildCard List Displays the list of wild cards created. Add to New Workload Click to add the selected row to a new workload. Auto-Generate Workload Click to automatically generate a new workload from the selected row. 4 Type the wild card name in the WildCard Name text box and click >>. The wild card name displays in the Selected Wild Card List list, and results of the wild card search display in the report below. 5 Select the row in the report and click Add to New Workload. See the table in step 4 of “Grouping Unassigned Requests Into a Workload” on page 58 to complete the options for this dialog box. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads 6 To auto-generate the selected row, click Auto-Generate Workload. See step 3 in “To create a separate new workload for each selected row” on page 71 to complete the options for this dialog box. The newly created workload displays in the Workload Report. Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads Generating the initial workload recommendations after grouping accounts, applications, users, and profiles identified in those recommendations are preliminary steps toward optimizing the highest resource consumers on a system. Although analysis can stop at this level, further optimization may be achieved by refining the recommended workloads. This represents the second level of analysis, in which additional who, what, and where parameters are chosen for further classification of the workloads. This additional level of classification enables identification of other similarities among workloads so that they will run even more efficiently. This section provides information how to refine and analyze workloads at a basic level. Teradata WA also offers the ability to apply a recursive analysis of workloads with different correlation and distribution parameters. See “Using Deep Drill-Down and Refinement for Workload Analysis” on page 96 for more information. Supported Analysis Parameters Teradata WA supports the Who, What, Where, and Exception parameters described in Table 8. Table 8: Supported analysis parameters Parameter Criteria Parameter Who • • • • • • • • • Account Name Account String Application Client address Client ID Profile Username Query Band UtilityType What • • • • Estimated processing time Result Rows AMP Count Statement type Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 63 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads Table 8: Supported analysis parameters (continued) Parameter Criteria Parameter Exception Parameters (subset of “What” Parameter) • • • • Where IO count Spool Usages Normalized CPU Time UnNormalized CPU Time • Data objects • Database • Tables • Views • Macros • Stored procedures • Function • Method Analyzing Workloads Based On “Who” Parameters To analyze a workload based on “who” parameters 1 In the Candidate Workload Report window, right-click over the workload to be analyzed in the Workloads Report. The Workloads Report shortcut menu displays the menu options described in the following table. Table 9: Workloads Report shortcut menu 64 Option Description Workload Details Displays the workload details in the Workload Attribute tabbed screen. Analyze Workload Analyzes the workload based on “who” or “what” parameters (second level of analysis). This will invoke the Analyze Workload window. Merge Workload Merges workloads. Split Workload Splits workloads. Calculate SLGs Calculates the service level goals for the selected workload. Rename Workload Renames the workload. Delete Workload Deletes the workload from the Workloads Report. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads Table 9: Workloads Report shortcut menu (continued) 2 Option Description Delete Assigned Request Removes the assigned requests from the Workload Report. The deleted items are automatically re-displayed in the Unassigned requests report. This option is available only when a detail row (not a workload aggregation row) is selected. Calculate All WDs SLGs Calculates SLG Goals for all defined workloads Workload to AG Mapping Performs WD to AG mapping (same as existing WD to AG option) Save Report As Saves the workloads report to a file (in either .xml, txt or html formats). Print Report Prints the workloads report. Hide Details Hides or shows the cluster details. Only workload rows are displayed when Hide is selected. Select Analyze Workload. Note: Alternatively, expand the node next to the workload to be analyzed under the Candidate Workloads tree, then select Analyze. The Analyze Workload window appears. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 65 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads 3 Complete the following options as appropriate to analyze the workload as described in the following table. Note: To display the total number of elements for correlation parameters, and the total available maximum and minimum ranges for distribution parameters, see “Configuring Application Options” on page 29. Option Description OpEnv Displays the system setting for the operating environment (period event). The default setting is ‘Always,’ with precedence of one. You can select one or more OpEnvs to analyze with the workload. Syscon Displays the system setting for the system condition. The default setting is ‘Normal,’ with severity of one as part of the new rule set. The default setting cannot be deleted. You can select one or more Syscons to analyze the workload. Workload Correlation Parameter Lists the available “Who” and “Where” parameters to substitute for the ones previously used. For example, if account-based parameters were used initially, this list displays application-based and object-based parameters in case they provide more efficient workloads. Click the appropriate parameter for the workload you want to refine. Queryband Filter Name Lists the available query band names. The query band names are automatically loaded when the Analyze Workload tab displays. The number next to each query band name represents the number of distinct value counts. The Analyze Workload tab displays which query band the analysis is based on. Figure 8: Example of report with query band name displayed Load 66 Click to refresh the list of query bands. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads Option Description Workload Distribution Parameter Lists the available “What” and “Exception Criteria” parameters. Select the appropriate distribution parameter to view the analysis graph for the selected correlation parameter (based on queries distribution on the selected “What” and “Exception Criteria” parameter). The default distribution parameter is CPU Time. Normalized CPU Time is the default distribution parameter. Distribution Buckets Enter the number of histogram buckets to distribute the resulting distribution parameter values into. For example, if the correlation parameter is Client ID and the distribution parameter is CPU Time, and the bucket number is ten, then the total CPU Time value is divided into ten equal histogram buckets and the report displays how the top Client IDs are distributed among the bucket values. The default distribution is ten histogram buckets. Figure 9: Example of Distribution Parameters with ten buckets Arrival Rate/Throughput Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Lists the Start and End dates to analyze Arrival Rate/ Throughput for the selected correlation parameter. The lists are enabled if Arrival Rate/Throughput are selected as the distribution parameter. This option is enabled when Arrival Rate or Throughput are selected as Distribution Parameters 67 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads Option Description Group By Select the Hour option to group selected Arrival Rate/ Throughput days by the hour. For example, if the Start Date is 11/20/06 and End Date is 11/23/06, the hours would be grouped as follows: zero hour from 11/20 to 11/ 23, first hour from 11/20 to 11/23, second hour, and so forth. Select the Date option to group the selected days by the date of each day. 4 Perform Analysis Displays the Graph tab with the selected Data Filter settings. A workload analysis report and distribution graph display. DBQL Date Range Displays the starting and ending date range of data collected. Select Workload Lists the name of the candidate workloads. Click the workload to be refined. View Classification Click to view the classification of the current workload displayed in the Current Workload Classification list after each level of analysis is performed. View Exception Click to view the exception of the current workload displayed in the Current Workload Classification list after each level of analysis is performed. Current Workload Classification Lists the workloads currently being classified. The number next to each workload classification represents the distinct value counts within all possible correlation parameters. For example, Account Name (3) means that there are a total of three accounts classified. Undo Classification Click to restore the workload to the previous classification. The workload must be selected from the Current Workload Classification list to be undone. Workload classifications may be undone more than once. Classifications added with the Add to option can be undone. First-level analyses cannot be undone. Click Perform Analysis to analyze the selected workload with the chosen options. The Analyze Workloads results are displayed with a graph. 68 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads The following options for the Graph tab are described in the following table. Option Description Correlation Parameter option Displays Correlation Report information in the graph. Distribution Parameter option Displays the Distribution Report of the correlation parameter plus distribution parameter that is displayed. For example, if CPU Time is the selected distribution parameter, then the distribution of CPU Time of the selected correlation parameter is displayed. Workload Name Displays the name of the current workload being viewed. Correlation Report by Displays the selected correlation parameter that the report is based on. Distribution Report by Displays the selected distribution parameter that the report is based on. Top N Value text box Enter the number of resource-intensive workloads to analyze. The default number is 10. Refresh button Redisplays the graph with the newly selected parameters. Home button Redisplays the Analyze Workload tab with the Data Filters tab. Zoom In - Zoom Out Changes the granularity of the graph view. The Graph tab allows you to select a distribution or correlation parameter to analyze for a particular workload. For example, if the correlation parameter is ClientID, and the Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 69 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads distribution parameter is Response Time, the analysis displays a report for the distribution of Response Time based on found ClientIDs for the selected workload. Creating New Workloads From Groups Of Existing Workloads To create a new workload by grouping existing workloads 1 From the Analyze Workload tab, select the Correlation Parameter option in the View By box. 2 Select one or more rows in the Analyze Workloads report with the attributes to be flagged, for example, “high CPU usage.” 3 Right-click to display the shortcut-menu. The Analyze Workloads report shortcut-menu displays the options described in the following table. Option Description Split to New Workload After selecting a single row or block of rows in the Analyze Workload report, choose this option to create a new workload with all the selected classifications. The selected row is removed from the report and the graph is updated with the remaining unassigned clusters. Add clusters for Deeper analysis Click to add selected clusters to the current workload for deeper analysis.The selected cluster is removed from the report and the graph is updated. Note: This option is disabled for original workloads. The Split Workload option allows for a new workload to be created. See Table 9 on page 64 for more information. The Add To option is then enabled for further workload classification. 4 Auto-generate Workloads Select this option to automatically generate a new workload for each selected row. Update Graph and Distribution Report Select this option to update the report and redraw the graph to include changes. Save Report As Select this option to save report in .txt, .html, or .xls format. Select Split to New Workload. The Add Workload dialog box appears. 70 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads 5 Fill in the Add Workload dialog box to describe the new workload. 6 Click Preview Classification to view the classification of the workload to be created. A read-only Classification window displays with the classification criterion of the workload. 7 Click OK. Teradata WA creates a new workload containing both the Criteria #1 and Criteria #2 attributes. Creating a Separate New Workload for Each Selected Row Teradata WA creates a new workload for each row containing the Criteria #1 and Criteria #2 attributes. To create a separate new workload for each selected row 1 Select Correlation Parameter in the View By box. 2 Select one or more rows in the Analyze Workloads report with the attributes to be flagged, for example, “high CPU usage.” 3 Right-click to display the shortcut-menu. 4 Select Auto-Generate Workloads. The Auto-Generate Workloads dialog box appears. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 71 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads 5 6 Select an option as described in the table below. Option Description Enforcement Priority • Tactical - short queries with a fixed response-time requirement. • Priority - important queries that should get extra resources. • Normal - normal queries; this is the default. • Background - low-priority queries with no response time requirement. Click OK. Analyzing Workloads Based On “What” Parameters Teradata uses equal-width and equal-height histograms in analyzing what parameters. Equal-Width Versus Equal-Height Histograms A histogram is a vertical bar chart in which the frequency corresponding to a class is represented by the area of a bar (or rectangle) whose base is the class width. The histogram differs from a bar chart in that it is the area of the bar that denotes the value, not the height. However, if the widths of the bars are uniform (that is, equal-width) then only the height need be considered. Teradata WA uses both equal-width and equal-height histograms in analyzing the what parameter. Equal-Width Histograms An equal-width histogram such as that shown in Figure 10, divides data into a fixed number of equal-width ranges. The corresponding height of each range represents the number of values falling into that range. 72 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads Figure 10: Equal-widths histogram For example, suppose that the values in a single column of a 1000-row table range between 1 and 100, and you want to generate a 10-bucket equal-width histogram. (Ranges in histograms are often referred to as “buckets.”) The buckets would contain the values 1-10, 11-20, 21-30, and so on, where each bucket counts the number of rows falling into its range. For a list of supported analysis parameters, see Table 8 on page 63. Equal-Height Histograms Equal-width histograms work well when the variation of the data distribution is small. They do not work so well, however, when such variation is large. For example, in Figure 10, 95% of the data falls into the first bucket, and the remaining 1% is scattered into 19 buckets, making it difficult to effectively analyze the data. In this situation, an equal-height histogram is the solution, such as that shown in Figure 11. Such histograms work well when the variation in data distribution is large. Unlike equalwidth histograms, they place the same number of values into each range, so the endpoints of each range are determined by the number of values it contains. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 73 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads Figure 11: Equal-height histogram The graph isn't as informative as the bin-widths identified on its x-axis. They reveal that not only are the vast majority of data points in the 0-8.41 range, but provide additional insight that the vast majority of queries (80%) consume less than 0.01 CPU secs. This information is provided in a pop-up dialog box for each equal-height histogram. For instructions on viewing histograms and their data, see step 6 on page 76 Displaying a “What” Parameter Histogram To display a “what” parameter histogram 1 From the Candidate Workloads tree, expand the workload to be analyzed. 2 Select Analyze Workload. The Analyze Workload window appears. 74 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads 3 Select the appropriate “what” options in the Workload Distribution Parameters list. Note: See the table following step 3 in “To analyze a workload based on “who” parameters” on page 64 for more information about Analyze Workload window options. 4 Click Perform Analysis to analyze the selected workload with chosen options. By default, the Analyze Workload window creates an equal-width balanced histogram, dividing the total selected distribution parameter into the number of buckets specified in the Top N Value field. Each bucket contains equal amounts of the selected distribution parameter and the total query count lies in that bucket. 5 To view the corresponding equal-height histogram, click the Switch to Equal-Height Histogram button on the Analyze Workload tab. You can also right-click the histogram itself and select Equal-Height Histogram from the menu that appears. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 75 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads 6 To view the Equal-Height Distribution report associated with the histogram, select View Equal-Height Table. The table appears similar to the following. Creating a New Workload From a Particular Bucket In the Histogram For this procedure, Estimated Processing Time is used as an example. To create a new workload from a particular bucket in the histogram 1 From the Estimated Processing Time histogram, highlight the bucket to be analyzed, then right-click. The shortcut menu appears. See “To add an existing classification to a new workload” on page 81 and see step 2 for more information. 76 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads 2 Select the Split to New Workload option. The Estimated Processing Time dialog box appears. 3 Enter the minimum and maximum processing time bucket parameters. 4 Click OK. The Add Workload dialog box appears. 5 Enter the workload attribute details. See the table after step 4 of “To group unassigned requests into a workload” on page 58 for more information. 6 Click OK. A new workload is created with Minimum and Maximum Estimated Processing Time along with the first level of classifications. The selected row/bucket is removed from the Analyze Workload report. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 77 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads Zooming In On a Histogram Bucket For More Detail To zoom in on a bucket for more detail For this procedure, Estimated Processing Time is used as an example. Zooming in on a bucket creates another Top N Values within the bucket, presenting a finer view of the distribution. 1 From the Estimated Processing Time histogram, right-click the bucket to zoom in on. 2 Select Zoom In from the short-cut menu. The Zoom In dialog box appears. 3 Enter the minimum, maximum processing time, and the number of bucket parameters, and Click OK. After processing, the bucket is displayed as a new histogram. 4 To reset the zoom to the previous level, right-click and select the Zoom Out option. Rounding Up Equal-Width Buckets for More Intuitive Number Recognition The widths of equal-width buckets are calculated by dividing the highest value by the number of buckets. While technically accurate, this method may not be intuitive to the user. Rounding up the calculation of the widths used in equal-width buckets may improve the usability of the buckets while making a small sacrifice in their accuracy. The rounding up of bucket widths is based on calculating the maximum value and then rounding it up so that the last bucket covers the maximum value. For example, if you have a large range of numbers with the highest value = 3876.77, and want to split the values into 10 buckets, then the bucket size is calculated as 3876.77 / 10 = 387.677. If this is rounded up to 400, then the revised buckets would have the following values: 0- 400, 401-800, 801-1200, ..., 3201-3600, and 3601-4000. These new buckets would then be reflected in the distribution report shown in Figure 12. 78 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads Figure 12: Distribution report after rounding up the widths of buckets for data with a large range of values For data with a small range of values where the highest value = 3.15, split into 10 buckets, bucket width is calculated as 3.15 / 10 = 0.31, rounded to 0.40. The revised buckets are then split into these values: 0-0.40, 0.41-0.60, 0.61-1.0, ..., 3.21-3.6, and 3.61 - 4.00 as reflected in the distribution report in Figure 13. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 79 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads Figure 13: Distribution report after rounding up the widths of buckets for data with a small range of values Displaying Columns in the “what” classification of the Analyze Workload Report To display the columns in the “what” classification Analyze Workload report ✔ Select Distribution Parameter. Table 10 describes the displayed columns in the “what” classification Analyze Workload report. Table 10: Columns in the Analyze Workload report - “what” classification Column Name Description Estimated Processing Time The minimum and maximum estimated processing time and the number of queries that completed during this collection interval for this bucket Min, Max, Query Count 80 Percent of Total CPU Percentage of the total CPU time (in seconds) used on all AMPs for this bucket Percent of Total I/O Percentage of the total number of logical input/output (reads and writes) issued across all AMPs for this bucket Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads Table 10: Columns in the Analyze Workload report - “what” classification (continued) Column Name Description Average Est Processing Time The average estimated processing time for each query Normalized CPU per Query (Seconds) The minimum, average, maximum, standard deviation, 95th percentile and maximum expected CPU time for queries in this bucket. Min, Avg, StDev, 95th Percentile, Max UnNormalized CPU per Query (Seconds) Min, Avg, StDev, 95th Percentile, Max Response Time (Seconds) Min, Avg, StDev, Max Result Row Count Min, Avg, StDev, Max Disk I/O Per Query Min, Avg, StDev, Max CPU To Disk Ratio Min, Avg, StDev, Max Active AMPS Min, Avg, StDev, Max Spool Usage (Bytes) Min, Avg, StDev, Max CPU Skew (Percent) Min, Avg, StDev, Max I/O Skew (Percent) Min, Avg, StDev, Max The minimum, average, maximum, standard deviation, 95th percentile and maximum expected UnNormalized CPU time for queries in this bucket. The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum response time for queries in this bucket The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum result rows returned for this bucket The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum disk I/O’s per query for this bucket The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum CPU/Disk ratio for this bucket The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum number of active AMPs for this bucket The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum spool usage across all VProcs for this bucket The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum AMP CPU skew for this bucket The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum of AMP I/O skew for this bucket Adding Existing Classifications to New Workloads To add an existing classification to a new workload 1 From the Analyze Workload window displaying the previously analyzed workload, click the Distribution Parameter option in the View By box. The Distribution Report displays with the selected distribution parameter by correlation parameter. 2 Highlight the bucket to be analyzed, then right-click. The shortcut menu appears. See the following table for descriptions. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 81 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads Option Description Split to New Workload with (selected Distribution Parameter) as Classification Select this option to add a new workload with the selected distribution parameter as classification. This shortcut menu option displays when Result Rows, AMP Count, or Estimated Processing Time is selected from the Distribution Parameter list on the Analyze Workload tab. Add (selected Distribution Parameter) as classification to workload Select this option to add the selected distribution parameter as an additional criterion to the workload. This shortcut menu option displays when Result Rows, AMP Count or Estimated Processing Time is selected from the Distribution Parameter list on the Analyze Workload tab. 82 Zoom In Select this option to change the granularity of the graph view. Zoom Out Select this option to change the granularity of the graph view. Save Report As Saves the workloads report to a file (in either .xml, txt, or html formats). Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads 3 Select Split to New Workload with (selected Distribution Parameter) as Classification. The Add Workload dialog box appears. See table to complete the options. 4 Click OK. A new workload is created from the selected workload. The new workload contains the parent workload’s classifications, along with the new criteria. Analyzing Workloads Based on Exceptions Teradata WA supports the following exception parameters: • Unnormalized CPU Time • Normalized CPU Time • IO Count • CPU Time • Spool Size • Response Time Analyzing Workloads Based On Exception Parameters To analyze a workload based on exception parameters 1 In the Candidate Workload Report window, right-click over the workload to be analyzed. The Workloads Report shortcut menu appears. 2 Select Analyze Workload. The Analyze Workload window appears. Note: Alternatively, expand the node next to the workload to be analyzed under the Candidate Workloads tree, and then select Analyze. 3 Click on the Distribution Parameter drop-down, and select the exceptions and actions. 4 Enter the number of Distribution Buckets. The default number of buckets is 10. 5 Click Perform Analysis to analyze the selected workload with the chosen exception parameters. A same-width histogram displays for the selected workload and correlation parameter. Creating a Workload with Exception from Analyzed Values To create a workload with exception from the analyzed values 1 From the Analyze Workload window with the previously analyzed workload with exceptions, click the Distribution Parameter option in the View By box. 2 Right-click over the bucket row to analyzed. The Workloads Report shortcut menu for the Distribution Parameter view appears. See the following table for descriptions. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 83 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads Option Description Split to New Workload with (selected Distribution Parameter) as Exception Select this option to add a new workload with the selected distribution parameter as the Exception. This shortcut menu option displays when CPU Time, Response Time, IO Count, or Spool Usage (bytes) is selected from the Distribution Parameter list on the Analyze Workloads tab. Add (selected Distribution Parameter) as Exception to workload Select this option to add the selected distribution parameter as a user-defined exception criterion for the highlighted workload. This shortcut menu option displays when CPU Time, Response Time, IO Count, or Spool Usage (bytes) is selected from the Distribution Parameter list on the Analyze Workloads tab. 3 84 Zoom In Select this option to change the granularity of the graph view. Zoom Out Select this option to change the granularity of the graph view. Save Report As Saves the workloads report to a file (in either .xml, txt, or html formats). Select Split to New Workload with (selected Distribution Parameter) as Exception. The Add New workload With Exception dialog box displays. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads 4 Select the options as described in the following table: Option Definition Workload Name Name of the workload. Preview Classification Click to view the classification of the workload to be created. A read-only Classification window displays with the classification criterion of the workload. Workload Description A description of the workload. Exception Type Displays the Exception parameter to be used for the exception. Exception Name Name of the exception parameter. WD Enforcement Priority Tactical - short queries with a fixed response-time requirement. Priority - important queries that should get extra resources. Normal - normal queries; this is the default. Background - low-priority queries with no response time requirement. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 85 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads Option Definition Exception Actions No Exception Monitoring - Only log the exception. Continue and Log - Logs the exception and choose another action. Abort and Log - Log the exception and abort the request. Abort On Select and Log - Log the exception and abort the request only if it was a select that did not modify tables. Change Workload - Log the exception and move the request to the specified workload. Raise Alert - Log the exception and raise the specified alert through Teradata Viewpoint Alert Setup. For more information, see Teradata Viewpoint User Guide (B035-2206). Note: Teradata Viewpoint Data Collection Service (DCS) monitors database tables and sends alerts to Teradata Viewpoint Alert Viewer for processing. Teradata Viewpoint Alert Viewer allows users to view and manage alerts. Run Program - Log the exception and run the specified program using Viewpoint Workload Monitor. For more information, see the Teradata Viewpoint User Guide (B035-2206). 5 Click OK. The newly created workload with exception appears in the Candidate Workloads tree. Adding Exception Criteria to an Existing Workload To add exceptions to an existing workload 86 1 From the Analyze Workload window with the previously analyzed workload with exceptions, click the Distribution Parameter option in the View By box. 2 Right-click over the bucket row to analyzed. The Workloads Report shortcut menu for the Distribution Parameter view appears. 3 Select Add (selected Distribution Parameter) as Exception to workload. The Add Exception to Existing WD appears. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads 4 Select the options as described in the following table: Option Description Exception Name Name of the exception parameter Exception Type Displays the Exception parameter to be used for the exception. Exception Max Value The maximum value of the selected exception parameter. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 87 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 3: Defining Service Level Goals to Get the Most Out of Reports Option Description Exception Actions No Exception Monitoring - Only log the exception. Continue and Log - Logs the exception and choose another action. Abort and Log - Log the exception and abort the request. Abort On Select and Log - Log the exception and abort the request only if it was a select that did not modify tables. Change Workload - Log the exception and move the request to the specified workload. Raise Alert - Log the exception and raise the specified alert through Teradata Viewpoint Alert Setup. Note: Teradata Viewpoint Data Collection Service (DCS) monitors database tables and sends alerts to Teradata Viewpoint Alert Viewer for processing. Teradata Viewpoint Alert Viewer allows users to view and manage alerts. Run Program - Log the exception and run the specified program using Viewpoint Workload Monitor. For more information, see the Teradata Viewpoint User Guide (B035-2206). 5 Click OK. A message appears confirming the addition of the exception to the selected bucket row. 6 Click OK. The message dialog box closes, and the selected bucket row for the exception is removed from the Distribution Report. Step 3: Defining Service Level Goals to Get the Most Out of Reports Service Level Goals (SLG) are benchmarks that can be set so the effectiveness of workload management can be analyzed. How Teradata WA Sets SLGs Teradata WA recommends service level goals for workloads to achieve the greatest responsiveness. Teradata WA sets goals using current performance as a baseline. For example, Teradata WA might detect that, under current performance, for 80 percent of queries, the maximum response time is 300 seconds. Therefore, Teradata WA would set the service-level goal for response time as 80 percent, meaning that 80 percent of queries process in less than 300 seconds. The user can choose to accept the recommended goals or modify various settings as reporting needs dictate. Using service level goals is recommended, although not required. 88 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 3: Defining Service Level Goals to Get the Most Out of Reports Service Level Goals and Viewpoint Workload Monitor Assigning Service Level Goals to tactical and priority workloads will provide a reference point in the Viewpoint Workload Monitor, creating a visualization of how well the workloads are performing. Note: SLGs for workloads that have long, varied response times have little value and will expand the Viewpoint Workload Monitor response time graph scale making it difficult to read the response times of tactical workloads. Accepting Or Modifying Service-Level Goal Recommendations To accept or modify service-level goal recommendations 1 Under Candidate Workloads, expand the selected workload, then click on the SLG Graph icon. The SLG Recommendations window appears. Note: Alternatively, the SLG Recommendations window can be displayed by selecting Rule Set > Workloads> Calculate SLGs from the Teradata WA menu. 2 In the SLG Recommendations window, view the default parameters and resulting service level recommendations, along with the displayed chart. Change the options as described in the following table. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 89 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 4: Mapping Workloads to Allocation Groups Table 11: SLG Recommendations Option Description SLG Parameters Displays the service parameters that you can view or modify to generate Teradata WA SLG recommendations. Click a service parameter in the list or accept the default (Response Time) as appropriate. When a listed parameter is selected: • this parameter appears as the horizontal axis of the chart • the value of this parameter can be edited in the SLG Recommendations table displayed beneath the chart; no other options are available for editing. Changing the setting prompts Teradata WA to update the graph immediately. OpEnv Displays the available operating environment. Click operating environment (OpEnv) in the list box or accept Default as appropriate. Changing the setting prompts Teradata WA to update the graph immediately. Set Manually Allows modification of the recommended service levels. This checkbox is unchecked by default. Recommended SLG Changes the selected service parameter’s recommended value (shown highlighted in white). No other values are available for editing (shown shaded). Arrival rate, Response Time, Throughput and Service Percent are displayed. The response time goal shown is the value that would satisfy a 80% goal. 3 Recommend on current Service percent Displays the current performance baseline that Teradata WA automatically uses for determining service level recommendations. Adjust this as appropriate. Factor by Modifies the SLG parameter, with a factor of 1 being the same as today, 0.1 being 10 times faster than today, 10.0 being 10 times slower than today. When satisfied with the new values, click Apply. Step 4: Mapping Workloads to Allocation Groups There are two strategies for automating the determination of priority settings in Teradata WA: Either by Category of Work or by Subject Area Resource Division. Priorities can also be set manually, by defining specific allocation groups and resource partitions. 90 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 4: Mapping Workloads to Allocation Groups Category of Work Category of Work allocates weight based on importance of the workload; it is best suited for tactical or priority workloads. If Category of Work is selected, Teradata WA assigns AGs, RPs and default weights for each enforcement priority type as shown in Table 12. Therefore, it is only required that enforcement priorities are associated to workloads; the RPs and AGs are already set up. (Selecting the Category of Work approach removes any previously defined RPs or AGs.) Table 12: Default AG and RP Weights for Priority based on Category of Work Enforcement Priority AG AG Weight RP RP Weight Global Relative Weight (GRWs) Tactical Tactical-AG 20 Tactical-RP 60 75% Priority Priority-AG 40 Standard-RP 20 16% Normal Normal-AG 20 Standard-RP 20 5% Background Backgnd-AG 10 Standard-RP 20 2% When using the Category of Work approach, there are fewer active allocation groups, with those groups having similar relative weights. However, there will be a clear distinction between the Tactical and Priority enforcement priority settings. Workloads defined with the Tactical or Priority enforcement priority must use the Category of Work approach. They cannot use the Subject Area Resource Division option. Subject Area Resource Division The Subject Area Resource Division method allocates weight based on a designated “share” of the available resources. This approach works best for workloads that run mostly at Normal or Background priority. Teradata WA predefines the RPs and weights when using the Subject Area Resource Division method; AGs and weights can be user-defined. When the Subject Area Resource Division approach is in use, there are more active AGs with less differentiation between the priorities of active AGs. Note: The Subject Area Resource Division option cannot be used if the workloads are tactical or priority. In these cases, the Category of Work option must be used instead. Workload-to-Allocation Group Mapping As a last step before saving the workload, use Workload-to-Allocation Group mapping to associate workloads with allocation groups and enforcement priorities. This is useful if analysis reveals that certain workloads require different enforcement priorities and allocation groups than those defined for the workload state. By default, workloads are mapped to AGs and RPs as shown in Table 13. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 91 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 4: Mapping Workloads to Allocation Groups Table 13: Default Mapping of Enforcement Priorities Enforcement Priority AG RP Tactical Tactical-AG Tactical-RP Priority Priority-AG Standard-RP Normal Normal-AG Standard-RP Background Background-AG Standard-RP Note: Workloads can be grouped in the same AG if they have the same enforcement priority. Maintaining several separate AGs results in more control, but at the cost of there being less differentiation between the AGs. Defining Enforcement Priorities To define enforcement priorities 1 Select Rule Set > Workload to AG Mapping. The Set Enforcement Priority dialog box appears. 2 92 In the Set Enforcement Priority dialog box, click the workload to be modified and drag it to the enforcement priority row. To hide workloads that have already been assigned enforcement priorities, click the Show Only Unassigned Workloads check box. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 4: Mapping Workloads to Allocation Groups The following table describes the available mapping options: Table 14: Mapping options Option Description State Displays the state of the system. State is a composite of system condition and operating environment. The default state is Base, which represents the mapping of Normal and Always. Category of Work With this option selected, Teradata WA recommends standard resource partition and allocation group weights. Click Reload if this option is reset. Subject Area Resource Division Select this option if RP weights are already defined and Teradata WA will recommend only allocation group weights. Click Reload if this option is reset. Note: This option is not available if the workloads are Tactical or Priority. 3 RP Name The name of the resource partition automatically applied to the workload. RP Weight The RP weight allocated to the workload. This cannot be changed without changing the enforcement priority. AG Name The name of AG applied to the workload. AG Weight The AG weight allocated to the workload. This cannot be changed without changing the enforcement priority. Relative Weight The relative weight associated with the workload. This can be changed without changing the enforcement priority. Enforcement Priority Displays the currently assigned enforcement priority for the selected workload. To change the assignment, click Change Enforcement Priority and modify the Set Enforcement Priority dialog box. Assigned Workloads Displays the names of the workload associated with the enforcement priority. Note that more than one workload can be allocated to a particular enforcement priority and allocation group. After making the appropriate changes, click OK. This causes the Workload-Allocation Group Mapping dialog box to appear, where the method of priority-setting can be selected and the resource partitions and allocation groups can be modified. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 93 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads 4 In the Workload-Allocation Group Mapping dialog box, view the displayed values. To display the default RP information in the dialog box, click the Show Default RP check box. 5 Click OK to accept values or Cancel to discard them and start over. Note: The enforcement priority for a workload can be modified from the Attributes dialog box under Candidate Workloads. Step 5: Creating the Workloads The workloads defined during each phase of New Workload Recommendation are not created until the New Workload Recommendation tasks are completed and new workloads have been chosen for use. 94 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads Creating a New Workload For Use from Rule Set To create a new workload for use 1 Select Rule Set > Save to Database. The Save Rule Set dialog box is displayed. 2 Enter a name for the rule set or accept the default name. 3 Click OK to save the new workload for use. Note: The TDWM database is locked as a rule set is saved. To group accounts, applications, users, or profiles into a workload 1 Select Rule Set > Workloads > New Workload. See the following table for more information about the Rule Set menu. Menu option Sub menu option Save to Database Description Saves the rule set to the TDWM database. Note: The TDWM database is locked as a rule set is saved. Workloads New Workload Adds a new workload to the Candidate Workload Report window. Merge Workloads Merges selected workloads into a single workload. Split workload Splits the selected workload into one or more workloads. Calculate SLGs Calculates the service level goals for the selected workload. Delete Workload Deletes a workload from the Candidate Workload Report window. Workload to AG Mapping Performs the workload definition to allocation group mapping Calculate All WDs SLGs Calculates service level goals for all defined workloads. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 95 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads Note: The Rule Set menu is available when the Candidate Workload Report window is open. 2 3 From the Add Workload dialog box, complete the options as appropriate for the new workload. See the following table. Option Description Name The name of the workload. Description A description of the workload. Enforcement Priority • Tactical - short queries with a fixed response-time requirement. • Priority - important queries that should get extra resources. • Normal - normal queries; this is the default. • Background - low-priority queries with no response time requirement. Click OK. The newly created workload now displays in the Workloads Report section of the Candidate Workload Report window. Using Deep Drill-Down and Refinement for Workload Analysis This section describes the use of deep drill-down analysis and refinement of workloads. Deep drill-down and refinement of workloads can be executed during the second level of analysis. For information about basic second level workload analysis, see “Step 2: Refining and Analyzing Recommended Workloads” on page 63. This section includes the following: 96 • Overview of Deep Drill-Down and Refinement • How Does Deep Drill-Down Analysis Work? Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads • Example 1: Deep Drill-Down Analysis • Example 2: Deep Drill-Down Analysis with Queryband Parameters Overview of Deep Drill-Down and Refinement After one or more workloads are defined in the initial phase using first level of parameters (Account, Applications, User and Profiles), the Candidate Workloads Tree on the left pane is refreshed with the initial set of workloads. Teradata WA provides the capability to continuously drill-down on a workload with various “Who”, “What”, “Where” and “Exceptions” parameters (see Table 8 on page 63 for a list of parameters). It can visualize distinct clusters of requests within the workload, each with distinct service time patterns and other characteristics. For example, an initial workload defined on just the Account parameter may include distinct users who execute tactical requests requiring higher priority, while the remaining users do not. Teradata WA helps the DBA identify these clusters by providing reports, correlation graphs and distribution graphs (with parameters such as CPU, Response Time, Estimated Processing Time, for example) on different dimensions. Analysis of an individual workload is initiated by selecting the Analyze Workload option on the Workload Report shortcut menu (see the table following step 1 on page 64) or by clicking Analyze under the workload to be analyzed in the Candidate Workloads Tree. To further refine the initial set of workloads into one or more additional workloads, Teradata WA uses DBQL data for workload analysis. Theoretically, a workload can be subclassified further into multiple workloads through additional classification criterion. Subclassification on any and all possible classification criterion may be confusing and result in many unnecessary workloads. Considering the operational performance points, there is a maximum limit on the number of workloads for a database. Teradata WA guides the DBA towards the appropriate classification criterion. At any given point in the analysis, the DBA is allowed to choose correlation and distribution parameters in the drop-down list, and analyze the associated usage patterns. The DBA could drill deeper in analysis within a chosen cluster, or re-analyze by choosing different correlation and distribution parameters. Through trial-and-error and visualization, the DBA decides which parameters identify the ideal request group to isolate the most effectively. This trial-and-error process is streamlined by providing the DBA with distinct count and distribution range insight without having to click Analyze Workload. This time saving process eliminates unproductive visualizations on a single user, or a tight distribution, for example. The overall flow of workload analysis with deeper drill-down and refinement is represented in Figure 14. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 97 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads Figure 14: Overview of deep drill-down analysis Select initial workload and correlation distribution parameters for analysis Click Perform Analysis to view Cluster Report and Distribution Graph Add correlation clusters and distribution buckets as classification and exception on existing WD/Split WD WD Classifications OK? NO Undo/Next Level of Analysis YES Analysis Completed Revised WD Classifications and Exception Criteria Select another workload for Analysis/Drill Down CREATE WORKLOADS DONE 2514A011 How Does Deep Drill-Down Analysis Work? Deep drill-down analysis is a recursive process for deeper analysis on correlation and distribution parameters. If current analysis parameters do not satisfy the DBA, more appropriate parameters can be selected by reviewing the distinct values and ranges for other parameters. For example, with respect to the distinct value counts, one particular workload could display the following characteristics: 98 • UserName (24) • Applications (1) • Account Name (1) Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads • Client Addresses (2) • Queryband (3) • Function (3) • Urgency (1) • AggLevel (8) • Estimated Processing Time (zero to 1000 seconds) • AMP Count (zero to 1) Note: See “Configuring Application Options” on page 29 for information on viewing distinct value counts in workloads. In this example, the DBA now knows that there is only one distinct Application and one distinct Account, and that they both run at the same urgency. Attempting to identify a correlation against a different Application, Account or urgency values is a wasted effort. However, the opportunity for correlation does exist with User Name, Function and AggLevel. The DBA could pursue those correlation options. For the distribution parameter ranges, an Estimated Processing Time range from zero to 1000 seconds suggests that a large variation of requests are included in this workload. The opportunity for identifying clusters is higher with this range, than if the Estimated Processing Time range was just zero to one second. The DBA may add clusters to the current workload for deeper analysis, or clusters may be split off into a new workload. The DBA may repeat this process until good set of workloads are defined, or all unassigned clusters are assigned to workloads. Teradata WA uses an assigned and unassigned cluster concept. Each cluster (for example, Accounts, Users, QueryBands) found during analysis are initially unassigned. Selected clusters are assigned after adding clusters to the current workload for deeper analysis, or after splitting out into a new workload. The unassigned clusters remain available for subsequent action by the DBA, if wanted. Teradata WA brings back all unassigned clusters if the same analysis parameter is clicked again, after displaying an informational message. If unassigned clusters are not used by the DBA, the associated requests are relegated to a different workload after the ruleset changes are saved. For example, consider the following set of six workloads that were generated after the first level of analysis on Accounts, where Workload A is defined for classification Account=A: Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 99 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads Figure 15: Workload A with classification Account =A after 1st level analysis (no unassigned requests) A 35% 2514A018 The DBA decides to analyze workload A, which consumes 35% of the CPU. Based on some criteria (for example, Client User), it is determined that one element should be isolated, and treated differently than the other elements. The DBA can either split the existing workload, or add classification to existing the workload. If the DBA splits the particular element, the result is a new workload, A2, with classification Account=A and Client User = xyz. Workload A2 automatically has a higher evaluation order than the original workload A to assure client users of xyz execute within workload A2, and all other client users execute within workload A. The CPU distribution divided between the old workload (A) and new workload (A2) workload is shown in Figure 16: Figure 16: Workload A and Workload A2 with CPU distribution division after drill-down split (no unassigned requests) A 28% A2 7% 2514A019 Alternatively, if the DBA chooses to instead add classification to an existing workload, (so that the workload classification of workload A is now Account=A, and Client User = xyz), the unselected elements are designated “unassigned,” as depicted in Figure 17. If not further acted upon, the unassigned elements end up executing within WD-Default, because no other workload exists that would capture requests with classification Account=A and NOT client user = xyz. 100 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads Figure 17: Unassigned elements after classification is added to existing workload after drill-down "add to" A 7% Unassigned 28% 2514A021 To avoid accidental relegation of unassigned clusters to WD-Default, or some other unexpected WD, drill-down probes should begin the first analysis step using the Split Workloads option (see “Splitting and Merging Workloads for Analysis” on page 135 for more information). Additional refinements are done using the Add (selected parameter) as classification to workload option against that new workload, so that unassigned requests are relegated back to the original workload. See “Adding Existing Classifications to New Workloads” on page 81 for more information). See “Example 2: Deep Drill-Down Analysis with Queryband Parameters” on page 109 for a demonstration on this particular technique. The DBA selects correlation parameters (“Who” and “Where”) and the distribution parameters (“What” and “Exception”) at each depth of analysis (see Table 8 on page 63 for the list of supported parameters). The DBA can also review the workload by viewing the classification list after each level of analysis and click Undo Classification (if needed). The Undo operation is used to reverse any previous analysis performed. The operation deletes assigned clusters from a workload classification and bring them back as unassigned clusters for new add/split operations. Note: After PSA migration, when a CPU distribution pie chart is generated for 250 or more workloads, Teradata WA 14.10 displays the distribution of the top 10 workloads as determined by the percentage of CPU processing required for each workload. The remaining workloads are grouped into a segment labeled SUM of CPU % as shown in Figure 18. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 101 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads Figure 18: Distribution of top 10 workloads represented as a percentage of CPU processing when more than 250 workloads are represented after PSA migration. Example 1: Deep Drill-Down Analysis Follow this example to learn more about deeper drill-down analysis in Teradata WA. Example of deep drill-down analysis 1 Do one of the following: in the Workload Analyzer toolbar. • Click • Select Analysis > New Workload Recommendations. • Press Ctrl+W. The Define DBQL Inputs dialog box appears. 102 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads 2 Complete the Define DBQL Inputs options. For more information, see “Defining DBQL Inputs” on page 52. In the Category box, select Account String. 3 Click OK. Teradata WA queries the DBQL. The query process may take several minutes. The Candidate Workload Report window appears with the Unassigned requests report. 4 Select all the unassigned requests in the Unassigned requests report, and right-click to display the shortcut menu. 5 Select Add To>New Workload. The Add Workload dialog box appears. For this example, the workload is named WD_ABC. The new workload displays in the Candidate Workloads Report. At this point, the CPU distribution of all workloads (1) is 100 percent. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 103 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads after 1st level analysis WD_ABC 100% 2514A022 6 Right-click over WD-ABC for cluster analysis, and select Analyze Workload. The workload is analyzed and the Analyze Workload window appears. 104 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads The Current Workload Classification list displays a summarization of the classification. The numbers adjacent to the current classification criteria type show the total number of elements for correlation, and minimum and maximum values for distribution classification parameters. For example: • Account String (2) - There are two Accounts classified • Estimated Processing Time (0 - 200 secs) - The workload is classified for Estimated Processing Time between zero to 200 seconds) 7 Click View Classification to view detailed classification of the workload. Click View Exception to view the exception definitions. 8 From the Analyze Workload page, select the appropriate correlations from the Workload Correlation Parameter list and the Workload Distribution Parameter list. Note that there are 10 Applications found for the WD-ABC workload, making this a good candidate to analyze deeper. 9 Click Perform Analysis. The Correlation Report and graph display. Note: The workload WD-ABC must be split first from the original workload before selecting ‘TWA application for deeper analysis.’) Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 105 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads Notice in the Correlation Report that the Application ‘TWA’ has a significantly higher CPU, IO, and Avg Estimated ProcTime values than other Applications in the report. TWA is selected for deeper analysis. 10 Right-click over TWA, from the shortcut menu, select Add Application clusters for deeper analysis. The Correlation Report and graph update with the remaining unassigned clusters, while Application ‘TWA’ is assigned to the current workload for deeper analysis. 11 Click the Data Filters tab at the bottom of the page to view the classification for the current workload. The Data Filters page displays. 106 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads The CPU distribution of all workloads now breaks down to 94% for WD-ABC, and 6% Unassigned. after drill-down "add to" Unassigned 6% WD_ABC 94% 2514A020 Note: If unassigned clusters are not added to current or new split workloads before saving the ruleset to the database, then all queries arrived for unassigned clusters are executed as part of the default workload (WD-Default). If the Application parameter is selected again, all nine unassigned clusters are brought back for subsequent operations (one cluster is assigned to the current workload). 12 For this example, right-click over the remaining nine clusters in the Correlation Report. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 107 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads 13 Select the Split to New Workload option or the Add clusters for deeper analysis option. For the purpose of this example, Split to New Workload is selected and the new workload is named WD-Others. The CPU distribution is now 7% for WD_Others. There are no unassigned requests. 108 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads after drill-down split the rest WD_Others 7% WD_ABC 94% 2514A023 14 Save the rule set to the database for activation. See “Step 5: Creating the Workloads” on page 94 for detailed instructions. Example 2: Deep Drill-Down Analysis with Queryband Parameters This example describes deep drill-down analysis of several query band parameters to help identify and isolate various request clusters, or provide additional granularity on request clusters. In this example, one initial workload consumes the majority of the resources. A more granular breakdown of that workload is investigated. Long running outliers are noted in the analysis. The goal is to have these outliers classified into their own workload so that different workload management techniques are applied. Example of deep drill-down analysis and query band parameters 1 Select Analysis>New Workload Recommendations. The Define DBQL Inputs dialog box appears. 2 Complete the Define DBQL Inputs options. For more information, see “Defining DBQL Inputs” on page 52. 3 In the Category box, select Account String, and click OK. The Unassigned requests report displays. 4 Right-click over each workload and select Auto-Generate Workloads. The Candidate Workloads Report displays. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 109 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads The CPU distribution of all workloads is 8% ADW-TACT and 92% ADW-DS. Workload WD-ADW-DS is selected for further analysis because it is consuming 92% of the total CPU. after 1st level analysis ADWTACT 8% ADW-DS 92% 2514A025 5 110 Right-click over WD-ADW-DS, and select Analyze Workload. The Analyze Workload page appears. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads There are a total of five distinct query band names. The query bands can be viewed only if Queryband is selected from the Workload Correlation Parameter list. The five distinct query band names in this example are: • QueryBand (5) • AggLevel (7) • Function (5) • Region (7) • TopTierApp (3) • Urgency (3) There are several suitable analysis candidates available in this query band list, as denoted by the distinct value counts. 6 For this example, select QueryBand as the correlation parameter. Click query band names in the Queryband Filter drop-down list. 7 Select Function, then click Perform Analysis. The Correlation Report and graph display. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide to load the 111 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads A total of five query band values display for the Queryband=Name function. Notice a possible distinction with Function=MIN, which included queries with greater time spent than any of the other queries. 8 112 From the report, right-click over the MIN row, and select Split to New Workload. Name the new workload WD_ADW_Outliers. This step is done to insure that unassigned clusters fall back into the original WD-ADW-DS workload classification. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads The QueryBand Function=MIN is split to the new workload, ADW-Outliers. The remaining four functions are unassigned, falling back to ADW-DS if no other action is taken on them. after drill-down 1st split ADWTACT 8% ADWOutliers 19% ADW-DS 73% 2514A024 The Correlation/Distribution Reports and graph refresh with the remaining four unassigned query band values for the next add or split operation. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 113 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads 9 114 From the report, right-click over WD_ADW_Outliers and select Analyze Workload to perform further drill-down analysis. The Analyze Workload page displays. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads 10 Select TopTierApp from the Queryband Filter list. Click Perform Analysis. The report and graph display. The longest running queries not only common to Function=MIN, but also QueryBand Name TopTierApp=BODSS. 11 From the report, right-click over the BODSS row, and select Add ‘QueryBand’ clusters for deeper Analysis. The BODSS value is added to the current analyzed workload, WD_ADW_Outliers. The CPU distribution now has two unassigned TopTierApps relegated to the original WD_ADW_DS workload, rather than being part of the WD_ADW_Outliers workload. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 115 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads after drill-down 1st "add to" ADWTACT 8% ADWOutliers 17.5% ADW-DS 74.5% 2514A026 Analyzing further on ADW_Outliers, notice that the distinct count for all the correlation parameters displays one (only one distinct value). This means that all requests in this workload are coming from the same combination of ‘Who’ parameters (Account ADW_DS, QueryBand Name Function=MIN, and Queryband Name TopTier App=BODSS). Only distribution parameters may be used deeper drill-down analysis. The Estimated Processing Time may be used as a distribution parameter, since the range for the current workload is wide (0.00 -0158.00 seconds). 12 From the Analyze Workload page, select None from the Workload Correlation Parameter list. Select Estimated Processing Time from the Workload Distribution Parameter list. 116 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads 13 Click Perform Analysis. The report and graph display. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 117 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads The eight queries lie in the last bucket (bucket 10 with a range of 142.20 - 158.00) are long queries. However, another eight queries in the first bucket (bucket 1 with a range of 0.0015.80) are short running queries, with a wide gap show in bucket 2 through bucket 9. The goal from the start of this process is to isolate long running requests found within the ADW-DS workload, and apply different workload management to them. By adding the last bucket to the ADW_Outliers workload, the necessary workload definition is achieved to apply those different workload management techniques. 14 Right-click over Bucket 10, and select Add Estimated Processing Time clusters for deeper analysis. Override the Min Estimated Processing Time to 30 seconds, and override the Max Estimated Processing Time to 999999 seconds (basically unlimited). The very short running requests relegated back to the original WD-ADW-DS workload. 118 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads after drill-down 2nd "add to" ADWTACT 8% ADWOutliers 17.4% ADW-DS 74.6% 2514A027 In summary, the workload classifications within this example result in WD-ADW-DS remain in its original state. To view, click Attributes under the WD-ADW-DS workload in the Candidate Workloads Tree, then click on the Classification tab. The workload WD-ADW-Outliers is created with a higher evaluation order than workload WD-ADW-DS. To view, click Attributes for WD-ADW-Outliers, then click the Classification tab. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 119 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads For more information about evaluation order, see “Viewing Evaluation Order of Candidate Workloads” on page 172. Example 3: Workload Analysis for Utility Management This example describes cluster analyses on utility types for workload definition classifications. Example of workload analysis for utility management 120 1 Select Analysis>New Workload Recommendations. The Define DBQL Inputs dialog box appears. 2 Complete the Define DBQL Inputs options. For more information, see “Defining DBQL Inputs” on page 52. 3 In the Category box, select Users, and click OK. The Unassigned requests report displays. 4 Right-click over each workload and select Auto-Generate Workloads. The Candidate Workload Report displays. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads 5 Right-click over WD-PriorityUsers, and select Analyze. The Analyze Workload window appears. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 121 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads The numbers adjacent to each option in the Workload Correlation Parameter and Workload Distribution Parameter lists of the Refine Workload Classification pane show the total numbers of elements used for correlation. (Utility types for distribution classification parameters include min and max values.) For example, Utility Type (5) indicates that there are five utility types available in DBQL for analysis. Cluster analysis on utility types collects all utilities that ran during the DBQL data collection time interval. The results of many queries executed during the query session are grouped under “ALL OTHERS” clusters in the Analyze Workload tab for reporting purposes. (Workload definitions, however, cannot be created from “ALL OTHERS” clusters.) 122 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads 6 7 All non-Teradata Database utilities are grouped in the “Non-TD utilities” cluster. For workload analysis of non-Teradata Database utilities: • A DBA can create a workload definition from the “Non-TD utilities” cluster or combine this cluster with other Teradata Database utilities. • Workload definition classification for “Non-TD utilities” should be one of the following: • Non-TD FastLoad • Non-TD Multiload • Non-TD FastExport = 0x200000 | 0x400000 | 0x800000 For workload analysis using Teradata Data utilities: • A DBA can create a workload definition by selecting one or more utilities from a correlation report. • The following bitmap values represent the supported utility types for Release 14.10: • 0x000002 = Include if standalone FastLoad • 0x000004 = Include if standalone Multiload • 0x000008 = Include if standalone FastExport • 0x000010 = Include if ARC • 0x000020 = Include if TPT FastLoad (load operator) • 0x000040 = Include if TPT Multiload (update operator) • 0x000080 = Include if TPT FastExport (export operator) • 0x000100 = Include if CSP Save Dump FastLoad • 0x000200 = Include if JDBC FastLoad • 0x000400 = Include if JDBC Multiload Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 123 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads • 0x000800 = Include if JDBC FastExport • 0x020000 = Include if generic 3rd party FastLoad • 0x040000 = Include if generic 3rd party Multiload • 0x080000 = Include if generic 3rd party FastExport • 0x200000 = Include if non-TD FastLoad • 0x400000 = Include if non-TD Multiload • 0x800000 = Include if non-TD FastExport • 0x1000000 = Include if BAR If the DBA selects utility types StandaloneFastLoad, StandaloneMultiLoad and StandaloneFastExport clusters to split into new workloads, then OR bit operations for their bitmap values are saved in the TDWM database for classification as follows: Classify Criteria WD_LoadUtilities: FastLoad OR MultiLoad OR FastExport = 0x000002 | 0x000004 | 0x000008 The classification page should be updated to include multiple utility types for WD classification. 124 8 Click 'Attributes' under WD-PriorityUsers on the workload tree. 9 From the Classification tab, select Load Utility Type from the Criteria #2 drop-down list. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads 10 Click Choose from the AND pane. The Classify By Utility Types dialog box appears showing the types of utilities to be used for classification. 11 Click OK to continue. The Analyze Workload tab refreshes, displaying the results of the query. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 125 Chapter 4: Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs Step 5: Creating the Workloads The DBA can generate distribution analysis reports based on WHAT parameters and then drill down the distribution report using the Zoom-in/Zoom-out features. The DBA cannot, however, create workload definitions from distribution analysis reports. The query estimate criteria (WHAT) cannot be used for utility type workload classifications. Exclusion criteria is not allowed for workload definitions created using utility type classifications, and the Exclusion page is read-only for all workloads defined using utility types. Workloads created from utility types can be drilled down using WHO and WHERE (database, table, and view only) parameters, and the result can be split into new workloads. The following additional classification criteria can be used for utility type workloads: accounts, user IDs, client addresses, client IDs, query bands and database objects, including databases, tables, views, and so on. 126 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide CHAPTER 5 Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs This section describes the theory and process of analyzing the existing workloads on the system to determine if they meet the established Service Level Goals. It includes the following: • Existing Workload Analysis • Further Analysis for Workloads • Enhancing the Existing Workload Analysis Process • Starting Existing Workload Analysis • Viewing or Modifying SLGs • Splitting and Merging Workloads for Analysis Existing Workload Analysis When the actual response time characteristics are off by a specific percentage from the defined service level goals calculated at the time of workload creation, an “X” in the SLG Met column indicates that service level goals are not met. A percent variance displays for further analysis with a visual indication against the workload. The SLG Met value calculations are based on the actual workloads data logged in DBQLogtabl and TDWMSummaryLog tables after activation of the rule set. Note: SLG Met details display in the Candidate Workloads Report dialog box. The following analyses can be done for workloads that have not met their service level goals: • Existing Workload Analysis - further analyzing and refining of the workload by selecting analysis parameters and accepting the new recommended workload. • Recalculating the service level goals and applying the actual SLG values in a rule set. • Merging the workload and recalculating the SLG Met values. • Splitting the workload and adding or deleting classifications manually. Further Analysis for Workloads When a workload is selected for further analysis: • Each record in the log is mapped to classification criteria, along with a workload ID. A set of records is obtained for each classification criteria for a specific workload, including the workload ID condition. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 127 Chapter 5: Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs Starting Existing Workload Analysis • The response time characteristics of these sets of records are compared against the service level goals defined for the workload (goal service level goals), and the comparison status is indicated. • Existing workloads that have similar response time characteristics may be grouped into a new workload with new service level goals (or the service level goals of the current workload can be modified, if all the classifications are not meeting the service level goals). • Records are analyzed for further classification (by identifying clusters on an uncovered classification parameter) if the standard deviation is high for a classification, or if the CPU usage is high. Enhancing the Existing Workload Analysis Process The following suggestions may help Teradata WA enhance the processing speed and accuracy of the existing workload analysis process: • Select the appropriate DBQL log data for analysis (activated rule set data). • Verify that the TDWM database has sufficient spool space to create temporary tables for analysis and service level goal calculations. Sufficient spool space is a primary requirement for better performance during the calculation of service level goals and workload refinement. If there is inadequate spool space, Teradata WA displays an error message and service level goal calculation continues on actual DBQL tables, using multi-threading. Starting Existing Workload Analysis The new workload analysis process begins with defining the DBQL inputs for existing workloads. Defining Existing Workload DBQL Inputs To define existing workload DBQL inputs 1 Do one of the following: in the Workload Analyzer toolbar. • Click • Select Analysis > Existing Workload Analysis. • Press Ctrl+E. The Define DBQL Inputs dialog box appears. 128 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 5: Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs Starting Existing Workload Analysis 2 Fill in the fields as described in the following table: Option Description Log Option Select the appropriate log from these options: • DBQL (this is the default) • External DBQL Click the ... button to load the database choices into the selection box, then select the database. External DBQL contains DBQL data that has been copied to a database other than DBC. Its table schema can be identical to DBQL, but for improved performance Teradata recommends that DBQL data be copied to a history database defined according to Professional Services guidelines. See Database Administration (B035-1093). Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 129 Chapter 5: Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs Starting Existing Workload Analysis Option Description Date Range In the appropriate boxes, enter the starting date (From) and ending date (To) of the range of the data collected. The displayed date format depends on the regional settings of the PC. To select a date from a calendar popup window, click the drop-down arrow. The default end date is one day prior to the current system date; the default start date is one week (7 days) prior to the default end date. Time Select this option to specify a time window of less than 24 hours. In the appropriate boxes, enter the starting and ending times of the range in HH:MM:SS format, using a 24hour clock. The default start time is 00:00:00 (12:00 A.M.) and the default end time is 23:59:59 (11:59:59 P.M.). To select a time that spans midnight, select a start time greater than the end time. Note: Teradata WA includes all of the specified end time in its analysis. For example, an end time of 23:59:59 means analyze DBQL data up to and including 23:59:59.99. Filter within Range Select this option to filter the returned data by days of the week and times of day. When selected, the Every Day and 24 Hours checkboxes become enabled and selected. Every Day When the Filter within Range check box is selected as described in the previous row of this table, the Every Day check box becomes enabled and selected. If left in that condition, returned data will be captured in the database every day of the week. Clear the Every Day check box to select specific days of the week to exclude from data capture. When the Every Day check box is cleared, all options in the Day of Week pane are enabled and selected. Clear one or more of the check boxes for options Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday to exclude data capture on those days of the week. 130 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 5: Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs Starting Existing Workload Analysis Option Description 24 Hours When the Filter within Range check box is selected as described earlier in this table, the 24 Hours check box becomes enabled and selected. If left in that condition, returned data will be captured in the database 24 hours per day for each day selected for capture as specified by the Every Day option. Clear the 24 Hours check box to specify a time window of less than 24 hours during which data will be captured. In the appropriate boxes under Time of Day, enter the start time (From) and end time (To) in HH:MM:SS format, using a 24-hour clock. The default start time is 00:00:00 (12:00 A.M.) and the default end time is 23:59:59 (11:59:59 P.M.). To select a time spanning midnight, select a start time greater than the end time from the Time of Day box. Note: Teradata WA includes all of the specified end time in its analysis. For example, an end time of 23:59:59 means analyze DBQL data up to and including 23:59:59.99. Rule set • Rule Set - If the rule set is not already entered, click the ... button to load the rule set choices into the selection box, then select a rule set. • OpEnv - Select the operating environment for the rule set. Always - the system default operating environment. Select All - selects all available operating environments (OpEnvs) for the rule set. • SysCon - Select the system condition for the rule set. Normal - the default system condition, which displays the health of the database. Select All - selects all available system conditions (SysCons) for the rule set. 3 After specifying the options, click OK. Teradata WA queries the DBQL. Note: The query process may take several minutes. The Candidate Workload Report window appears. Viewing Workloads Using the Candidate Workload Report The Candidate Workload Report window displayed in Figure 19 is divided into two panels: • The left panel displays the selected workloads in the Workloads tree. After a split or merge, the workloads tree is updated so that workloads appear according to their evaluation order. See “Viewing Evaluation Order of Candidate Workloads” on page 172 for more information. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 131 Chapter 5: Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs Starting Existing Workload Analysis • The right panel displays the Workloads Report. This is a list available workloads. For more information on how to navigate the options in the Candidate Workload report, see “Chapter 4 Analyzing New Workloads to Meet SLGs” on page 49. Figure 19: Candidate Workload Report for Existing Workloads Table 15 describes the columns displayed in the Workload report. Table 15: Displayed Columns in the Workload report Column Name Description Workloads The name of the workload Percent of Total CPU Percentage of the total CPU time (in seconds) used on all AMPs by this session Percent of Total I/O Percentage of the total number of logical input/output (reads and writes) issued across all AMPs by this session Query Count The number of queries in this workload that completed during this collection interval Avg Est Processing Time The average estimated processing time for this user SLG Met Details The number of time the SLG was met for this workload, the goal percentage and actual percentage of SLG met, and comments for this workload SLG Met, Goal %, Actual %, Remarks 132 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 5: Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs Viewing or Modifying SLGs Table 15: Displayed Columns in the Workload report (continued) Column Name Description CPU Per Query (Seconds) The minimum, average, standard deviation, 95th percentile, and maximum CPU seconds per queries for this workload Min, Avg, StDev, 95th Percentile, Max Response Time Min, Avg, StDev, Max Result Row Count Min, Avg, StDev, Max Disk I/O Per Query Min, Avg, StDev, Max CPU To Disk Ratio Min, Avg, StDev, Max Active AMPS Min, Avg, StDev, Max Spool Usage (Bytes) Min, Avg, StDev, Max CPU Skew (Percent) Min, Avg, StDev, Max I/O Skew (Percent) Min, Avg, StDev, Max The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum result response time for this workload The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum result rows returned for this workload The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum disk I/O’s per query for this workload The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum CPU/Disk ratio for this workload The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum number of active AMPs for this workload The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum spool usage across all VProcs for this workload The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum AMP CPU skew for this workload The minimum, average, standard deviation, and maximum of AMP I/O skew for this workload Viewing or Modifying SLGs The Service Level Goals (SLG) can be viewed in graph format, and the settings modified using the SLG Recommendations Window. To view or modify service-level goals 1 From left window of the Workload Report, expand the workload, and then click on the SLG Graph icon. The SLG Recommendations window appears. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 133 Chapter 5: Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs Viewing or Modifying SLGs Note: Alternatively, display the SLG Recommendations window by selecting Rule Set > Workloads> Calculate SLGs from the Teradata WA menu. 2 In the SLG Recommendations window, view the default parameters and resulting service level recommendations, along with the displayed chart. Change the options as described in the following table. Table 16: SLG Recommendations window Option Description SLG Parameters Displays the service parameters that can be viewed or modified to generate SLG recommendations. Click Response Time (the default), or Throughput as appropriate. When a listed parameter is selected: • this parameter appears as the horizontal axis of the chart • the value of this parameter can be edited in the SLG Recommendations table displayed beneath the chart; no other options are available for editing. Changing the setting prompts Teradata WA to update the graph immediately. Response Time or Throughput SLGs can be saved in the TDWM database, not both. OpEnv Displays the available operating environments. Click an OpEnv in the list box or accept Always as the default. Changing the setting prompts Teradata WA to update the graph immediately. 134 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 5: Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs Splitting and Merging Workloads for Analysis Table 16: SLG Recommendations window (continued) Option Description Start Date / End Date Displays the DBQL date range depicted in the graph. This is in YYYY-MM-DD format. Set Manually Allows modification of the recommended service levels. This check box is unchecked by default. SLG Recommendations Changes the selected service parameter’s recommended value (shown highlighted in white). No other values are available for editing (shown shaded). Arrival rate, Response Time, Throughput and Service Percent are displayed. The response time goal shown is the value that would satisfy a 80% goal. 3 Recommend on current Service percent Displays the current performance baseline that Teradata WA automatically uses for determining service level recommendations. You can adjust this as appropriate. Factor by Modifies the SLG parameter, with a factor of 1 being the same as today, 0.1 being 10 times faster than today, 10.0 being 10 times slower than today. When satisfied with the new values, click Apply. Splitting and Merging Workloads for Analysis Teradata WA workload classifications can be further customized by merging or splitting workloads. The splitting and merging workload process is DBA-driven. Two or more workloads can be merged into one workload. One workload can be split up into several workloads. The service level goals for the resulting new workloads are recalculated and modified. For example, when two or more workloads require less system resources, but the workloads are still needed for the active system period, these workloads can be merged into one workload and set with different service level goals. When a workload is consuming too many resources or is not meeting service level goals, the workload can be split into one or more workloads and assigned different service level goals. The Process of Merging Workloads The process of merging workloads involves the following: 1 Merge the workload classifications of different criteria and remove any duplicate classifications. 2 Assign the appropriate performance AG mapping for the resulting workload. 3 Calculate and/or recalculate the service level goals for the merged workload (which can be accepted or modified service level goals from the SLG Graph window.) Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 135 Chapter 5: Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs Splitting and Merging Workloads for Analysis 4 Merge the workload classifications. The merging process performs a union of classifications of all workloads selected for the merge process. Any duplicates of the workload classifications values are removed. Currently, in workload classification, all clusters can be either included or excluded. The same rule is used for merging workloads. If the merge process comes across both exclude/include classification criteria, it would unionize all the classification criteria and assign exclude/ include based on the criteria in the selected workloads. See Figure 20 for an example of merging workloads together. Figure 20: Example of two workloads merging WD_A Include TWA Applications Include TWA Applications Include Client 153.58.33.99, Addresses Include BTEQ Applications Exclude Cient IDs RD185023 Statement ALL DDL DML Select Type Include TWA Applications WD_B WD_A_MG (After Merge). Include VECOMP Applications Include TWA,VECOMP Applications Include VECOMP Applications Include TWA,VECOMP Applications Include Client 153.58.33.51, Addresses Include Client 153.58.33.51, Addresses 153.58.33.99 Include VECOMP Applications Include Applications Not allowed Include Cient IDs BK185002 Exclude Cient IDs Not allowed Statement ALL DDL DML Select Type Include VECOMP Applications Statement Type Not allowed Include Applications Not allowed Minimum 100 Estimate Final Rows Minimum 50 Estimate Final Rows Minimum 50 Estimate Final Rows Minimum 1000 Estimate Final Rows Minimum 5000 Estimate Final Rows Minimum 5000 Estimate Final Rows Include TWA Applications Include VECOMP Applications Include TWA, VECOMP Applications 2514A006 The following workloads and classifications cannot be merged: 136 • A workload with AMP Limits classification cannot be merged with a workload with Final Row Count classification • A workload with Utility Type classification cannot be merged with a workload with Estimated Row Count, Estimated Processing Time, AMP Limits, or Object Type classifications. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 5: Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs Splitting and Merging Workloads for Analysis To merge workloads 1 Select a workload from the left panel, under the Candidate Workloads tree, to begin the merge process. The merge process allows merging of any and all available workloads (except the Default and the Console Application workloads) into the selected workload. 2 Right-click on the selected workload to display the shortcut menu. 3 Click Merge. The Merge Workloads dialog box appears. The following table describes the dialog box controls. Options Description Available Workloads Lists all workloads available for merging. Default and console workloads are not available for the merge process. Selected Workloads Lists the workloads selected for the merge process. Add Moves the selected workload from Available Workloads to Selected Workloads Remove Removes the workload from Selected Workloads, placing it back in Available Workloads. Merge Merges all workloads in Selected Workloads into one workload. Cancel Closes the Merge Workloads dialog box. 4 Click the workload in Available Workloads to be merged, then click Add. Up to two workloads can be selected for merging. The workload(s) appears in the Selected Workloads list. 5 Click Merge to complete the process. The merged workload name is generated by taking the name of the selected workload and suffixing an _MG to the name. The workload name can be changed using the Rename option from the shortcut menu after the merge process is completed and a new merged workload is created. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 137 Chapter 5: Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs Splitting and Merging Workloads for Analysis Splitting Workloads Splitting a workload breaks it into one or more separate workloads recursively, creating new workloads from the existing workload classifications. To split workloads 1 From the Candidate Workloads tree, right-click on the workload you want to split. The shortcut menu displays. 2 Select Split. The Split Workloads dialog box appears. The following table describes the Split Workloads dialog box options. 138 Options Description Workload #1 Displays the source workload name. Below the name is its classification. Include Lists the classifications to be included before splitting the workload. Select the check box of the item to be included for the split. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 5: Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs Splitting and Merging Workloads for Analysis Options Description Exclude Lists the classifications to be excluded before splitting the workload. Select the check box of the item to be excluded for the split. The exclusion limits the split to requests that include the excluded object type. For more information, see “Classifying by Excluded Objects for Splitting and Merging Workloads” on page 142. Note: If Teradata WA 14.10 is connected to Teradata Database 12.00, the Include or Exclude options can be used for each classification type. If the system is connected to Teradata Database 14.10, 14.0, 13.10, or 13.00, both Include and Exclude options can be used for each classification type. 3 Workload #2: (Evaluated First) Displays the destination workload name. The destination workload name is created by adding the suffix _SP1 to the source workload name. Below the name is its classification. Add New Classification Creates a new workload classification. Split Splits the source workload. The source workload’s classification is modified and a new split workload displays on the right panel. Advanced Activates the Copy, Move and Remove options. Copy Copies the selected classification criteria items from the source workload to the split workload. Move Moves selected items from the source workload to the split workload destination tree. Remove Removes the selected classification items from the split workload classification tree and move them back to the source workload tree. Accept Saves the changes and closes the Split Workloads dialog box. Cancel Discards the changes and closes the Split Workloads dialog box. To add a new classification, click Add New Classification. The Add Workload Classification dialog box appears. 4 Select the Choose another selection criteria check box. The --AND-- pane of the Add Workload Classification dialog box appears. 5 Select a criteria from the drop-down list. The Choose button appears for you to further refine the new classification criteria. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 139 Chapter 5: Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs Splitting and Merging Workloads for Analysis The following table describes Add Workload Classification dialog box options. 6 Options Description Criteria #1 Selects the classification criteria Includes Displays the selected objects within the chosen criteria Choose Allows inclusion and exclusion of strings within the chosen criteria Choose Another Selection Criteria Adds another classification criteria, with its own pull-down and object list Show Creates a report of the classification criteria that may be saved and/or printed Restore Undoes changes to the classification criteria OK Applies the classification changes Cancel Discards all changes and closes the dialog box To include or exclude strings within the chosen criteria, click Choose. The Classify By... dialog box appears. 140 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 5: Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs Splitting and Merging Workloads for Analysis The following table describes the Classify By... dialog box options. Options Description Include Includes the selected strings in the classification criteria. Exclude Excludes the selected strings from the classification criteria. Load Populates the Available classification strings list. Available Displays the available classification strings. If this list appears empty, click Load to populate it. Add Moves the highlighted classification string to Selected status. Remove Removes the highlighted classification string from Selected status. OK Applies the classification changes. Cancel Discards all changes and closes the dialog box. 7 Click OK when satisfied with the Classify By... criteria and to exit the dialog box. 8 Click OK to exit the Add Workload Classifications dialog box. Now the Split Workloads dialog box should appear. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 141 Chapter 5: Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs Splitting and Merging Workloads for Analysis 9 From the source workload classification on the left panel, click the check boxes next to the analysis parameter clusters to be included in the destination workload classification. Select individual clusters or select all clusters at the analysis parameter hierarchy (by clicking the ClientAddr check box to select all the clusters in that directory). Each analysis parameter node (for example, UserName, AppID, and ClientAddr), contains cluster data that is either on the Included list or the Excluded list. Either include all clusters or exclude all clusters; it is not possible to do both. 10 Click Split. The split workload is created and the existing source workload classification is modified. The name of the newly split workload contains the source workload classification’s name, suffixed with an SP1. 11 Click Accept to save the changes. Classifying by Excluded Objects for Splitting and Merging Workloads This section describes classification by excluded objects for split and merged workloads. Teradata WA includes an option to limit object exclusion to only requests that include the excluded object type. This option is helpful for “Where” parameters such as Stored Procedures or Macros. For example, a DBA classifies a request into a workload but only wants a Stored Procedure, and not Stored Procedure ‘A.’ The DBA could specifically exclude non-stored procedure requests to not classify into the workload. Additionally, only stored procedures NOT named Stored Procedure ‘A’ classify to this workload. For information about splitting workloads, see “To split workloads” on page 138. For information about how to merge workloads, see “To merge workloads” on page 137. Classification by Excluding Objects for Workload Splits For example, in Figure 21, in Workload #2, Crash dumps is included, and Sys_Calendar is excluded under UserName. SysAdmin is included under AccountString. 142 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 5: Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs Splitting and Merging Workloads for Analysis Figure 21: Split workload with excluded and included objects Split Workloads Workload #1: Workload #2: (Evaluated 1st) WD-test1 WD-test1_SP4 Workload Classification User Name Workload Classification User Name Split Include Include Advanced DBC Crashdumps Exclude Exclude Advanced EXTUSER Account String Sys_Calendar Account String Copy - > Include Include $H-DBC-MANAGER SysAdmin Exclude Move - > $h-remote-console-use Sys_Calendar < - Remove Add New Classification Accept Cancel 2514A016 After the workload split, the Classification tab for the original workload (WD-test1) displays the following classifications. Figure 22: Classification tab for original workload after a split Workload Attributes Classification Exception Service Level Goals Query Limits Criteria #1: Account String Include: $H-DBC-MANAGER Exclude: Choose... Choose another selection criteria --AND-Criteria #2: DBC Username Exclude: EXTUSER Choose... Choose another selection criteria 2514A013 Criteria #1 is Account String, and $H-DBC-MANAGER is included, while $H-remoteconsole-use and Sys_Calendar are excluded. Criteria #2 is Username, and DBC is included, while EXTUSER is excluded. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 143 Chapter 5: Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs Splitting and Merging Workloads for Analysis The Classification tab for the split workload (WD-test1_sp4) displays the following classifications. Figure 23: Classification tab for split workload with excluded and included objects Workload Attributes Classification Exception Service Level Goals Query Limits Criteria #1: Account String Include: SysAdmin Choose... Choose another selection criteria --AND-Criteria #2: Username Include: Crashdumps Exclude: Choose... 2514A014 Criteria #1 for the split workload is Account String. It includes SysAdmin. Criteria #2 for the split workload is Username. It includes Crashdumps and excludes Sys_Calendar. Classification by Excluding Objects for Workload Merges After a workload is merged together, the Classification tab displays the included and excluded objects in one list for each classification type. In this example, WD-test1 and WD-test1_sp4 are merged together. The classification for this merge displays on the Classification tab as the following: 144 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 5: Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs Splitting and Merging Workloads for Analysis Figure 24: Classification tab for merged workload Workload Attributes Classification Exception Service Level Goals Query Limits Criteria #1: Account String Include: $H-DBC-MANAGER SysAdmin Choose... Choose another selection criteria --AND-Criteria #2: Username Include: DBC Exclude: EXTUSER Choose... 2514A015 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 145 Chapter 5: Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs Splitting and Merging Workloads for Analysis 146 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide CHAPTER 6 Viewing or Changing Workload Data This section discusses options in Teradata WA that support viewing or modifying workload recommendations and workload definitions. It includes the following: • Working with Workload Attributes • Viewing the Active Rule Set • Viewing the Candidate Workload Report • Viewing Evaluation Order of Candidate Workloads Working with Workload Attributes After a workload is analyzed, you can view and modify details about the workload, such as workload period and service level goals. Note: Avoid modifying workload classifications using the following procedure with New Workload Recommendations or Existing Workload Analysis as changes made on the tabbed dialogs will not be reflected in the Workloads Report. To view workload attributes 1 From the Candidate Workload Report window, click the + sign to the left of the workload whose attributes you want to view. The candidate workload listing expands in the tree. 2 Click Attributes. The Workload Attributes window appears. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 147 Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes 3 Click the appropriate tab to view workload attributes, classifications, exceptions, service level goals and query limits as described in Table 17. Table 17: Workload Attribute descriptions 148 Tab Option Description Workload Attributes Name A name for the new WD. Although not required, typically these begin with the prefix “WD-” for easy identification. Description A description identifying this WD. Log Query Detail Select this option to specify detailed logging of each query to DBQLogTbl. Enforcement Priority • • • • Tactical - short queries with a fixed response-time requirement. Priority - important queries that should get extra resources. Normal - normal queries; this is the default. Background - low-priority queries with no response-time requirement. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes Table 17: Workload Attribute descriptions (continued) Tab Option Description Classification Criteria #1 Selects the classification criteria. Includes Displays the selected objects within the chosen criteria Choose Allows inclusion and exclusion of strings within the chosen criteria. Choose another selection criteria Adds another classification criteria, with its own pull-down and object list. Accept Accepts the changes made to the Classification tab. Restore Undoes changes to the classification criteria. Show Creates a report of the classification criteria that maybe saved and/or printed. Maximum Rows The maximum number of rows in a spool file or final result. IO Count The maximum number of disk I/Os performed on behalf of the query. Spool Size The maximum size of a spool file in B. Blocked Time The length of time the query is blocked by another query. Elapsed Time The length of time the query has been running. Number of Amps The number of AMPs that participate in the query. Sum Over All Nodes The total amount of CPU time (in hundredths of seconds) the query consumes over all nodes. Tactical CPU Usage Threshold (per node) The per-node threshold of CPU usage for tactical workloads that, when exceeded, triggers exception handling. Qualification Time The length of time the exception condition must persist before an action is triggered (in seconds). IO Skew Based on the Qualification Time, the maximum difference in disk I/O Counts between the least busy and most busy AMP. CPU Skew Based on the Qualification Time, the maximum difference in CPU consumption (in seconds) between the least busy and the most busy AMP. CPU millisec per IO Based on the Qualification time, the maximum ratio of CPU consumption to disk I/O during the last exception interval. IO Skew Percent Based on the Qualification Time, the percentage difference in disk I/O Counts between the least busy and the most busy AMP. CPU Skew Percent Based on the Qualification Time, the percentage difference in CPU consumption between the least busy and the most busy AMP. Exception Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 149 Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes Table 17: Workload Attribute descriptions (continued) Tab Service Level Goals Query Limits Option Description Operating Environment Lists the operating environment that the workload is currently in. The default is Always. Response Time A response-time value in hours, minutes, and seconds. This is the maximum amount of time that you expect to be required for completion of this workload. Service Percent An integer value corresponding to the percentage of this workload which you expect to meet the service-level criteria. Arrival Rate per hour An integer value corresponding to the number of queries that you expect to be received hourly. Throughput per hour An integer value corresponding to the number of queries that you expect to be executed hourly. CPU seconds per query An integer value corresponding to the processor time (in seconds) that you expect to be required for executing each query. State The current state of default or base. Override Default Select this option to override the default limit for each state specified. When you select this option Unlimited is activated. Unlimited The default option when Override Default is selected. Limit Select this option to define a new limit. Reject Select this option to reject over-limit queries for a particular state, otherwise over-limit queries are delayed. Working with Workload Classification Criteria Teradata Database detects classification criteria before executing queries. Classification criteria identifies the “who,” “what,” and “where” of requests as a way of grouping them for better control, to ensure resources are allocated as appropriate to your needs. For example, to allocate more resources to requests originating from a particular department in your company, your classification criteria might specify the application or account that corresponds to those requests. Conversely, using classification criteria, you can isolate workloads that you want to assign lower priorities. You can choose up to six classification criteria. It is recommended that you select at least one item from the “who” criteria; you can combine additional criteria in accord with the following limitations. 150 • You cannot select a classification type more than once. • You cannot combine a utility type with anything other than a “who” characteristic, so if you pick a utility as criteria 2, criteria 3 must be a “who” criteria item. If your second criteria item is a “what” or “where,” you cannot follow it with a utility. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes If you do not specify classification attributes for a WD, Teradata WA will initially not place any queries into that WD. However, you could use that WD as a lower-priority WD, for example, when queries encounter run-time exceptions in their original WDs and are downgraded to a lower priority WD. Defining Classification Criteria #1 To define or modify classification criteria #1 for a WD ✔ The selection shown for Criteria #1 in the Classification tab of the Workload Attributes window automatically appears based on the criteria selected when “Defining Existing Workload DBQL Inputs” on page 128. For example, if you select Users for DBQL input criteria, Username appears in the Criteria #1 field of the Classification tab. Depending on the DBQL input selected, the following options populate the Criteria #1 list box, identifying the “who” of the workload: • Account Name Note: The Account Name criteria includes the names of accounts. PG information is not included. For example, an Account Name criteria containing DBC-MANAGER only affects accounts such as $H-DBC-MANAGER and $M-DBC-MANAGER. • Account String • Application • Client Address Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 151 Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes Client Address can be specified using: • IPv4 address format, where XXX is the range 0 to 255 decimal: XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX • Client ID (for logon) • Profile • Username • Include QueryBand and Exclude QueryBand Defining or Modifying Classification Criteria #2 - 6 If you look closely at the Classification tab of the Workload Attributes window (see “Defining Classification Criteria #1” on page 151), you’ll find that some of its options are not enabled. In particular, you cannot use the tab to add more classification criteria. Note: Workload classification criteria cannot be manually modified from the Classification tab of the Workload Attributes window. You can, however, add more classification criteria using the Split option as described in this topic. To define or modify classification criteria #2-6 for a WD 1 To define or modify classification criteria # 2 to 6 for a workload candidate, right-click the workload in the list on the left side of the Workload Attributes window. 2 Click Split from the right-click menu. The Split Workloads dialog box appears. For details on the fields used for splitting workloads, see “Splitting Workloads” on page 138. 3 Click Add New Classification. The Classification tab appears similar to the tab of the same name on the Workload Attributes window, however all functionality is enabled. 4 Select the Choose another selection criteria check box. The --AND-- pane of the tab becomes visible, showing the Criteria #2 drop-down list box. The list includes the items shown as check boxes in the Category pane of the Define DBQL Inputs dialog and the items described in Table 18. 152 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes Table 18: Classification Options for Criteria #2 Selected Item Also select... Data Objects Data objects to include and exclude in the Classify by Data Objects dialog box that appears after selecting Data Objects and clicking the Choose button. These data objects can be selected: • database • table • view • macro • stored procedure • function • method In the Classify by Data Object dialog box, select objects to include or exclude, and select the type of object to add to the criteria. Load the objects and choose the specific object by selecting it and clicking the Add button. For more information, see “Example: Classification by Data Object” on page 156. Statement Type The statement types you want by selecting the appropriate check boxes. Utility Type The name of the utility (FastLoad, FastExport, MultiLoad, all three, or Archive/Restore) that you want to control in the list box. Teradata WA utility rules apply to FastLoad, MultiLoad, FastExport, TPT Load/Update/Export operator, JDBC FastLoad, and ARCMAIN. Teradata WA classifies the first utility-specific SQL request from a utility job into a WD. All subsequent requests for the utility job run under the same WD (priority). AMP Limits The check box for Include single or few AMP queries only if appropriate. Note: Selecting this check box causes the workload to accept only queries that are not all-AMP queries. If AMP Limits is selected but this check box is left cleared, no AMP limit is defined and an error message appears because the classification data is missing for this criteria. Row Count Either the Minimum Rows or the Maximum Rows check box or both and type the corresponding values as appropriate. Final Row Count Either the Minimum Final Rows or the Maximum Final Rows check box or both, and type the corresponding values, as appropriate. Estimated Processing Time Either the Minimum Time or Maximum Time by selecting the appropriate check box and specifying the CPU limits for each. You can specify CPU time in hundredths of a second (using the format HHH:MM:SS.dd). Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 153 Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes Table 18: Classification Options for Criteria #2 (continued) Selected Item Also select... Join Type Types of joins to include, including: • • • • • • 5 All Joins No Joins All Product Joins No Product Joins All Unconstrained Product Joins No Unconstrained Product Joins Select the desired classification criteria for the selected workload from the Criteria #2 dropdown list box. For examples of how to proceed, see the following: • “Example: Classification by Application” on page 155 • “Example: Classification by Data Object” on page 156 • “Example: Classification by Query Band” on page 157 6 To select a additional criteria for the selected workload, repeat step 4. You can specify a total of six classification criteria. 7 When criteria selections are complete, click OK. 8 Select Show to display of a report of all WD classification settings. The Classification Description dialog box appears showing all workload classification criteria. 9 154 To close the dialog box, click OK. To save or print the information in the dialog box, click Save or Print. The typical Windows Save or Print dialog box appears. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes 10 To view the information in the Classification Description dialog box in plain text, click Plain Text. The plain text version of the Classification Description dialog box appears. 11 The text version of the Classification Description dialog describes the classification criteria in plain text. To save or print the information in the dialog box, click Save or Print. The standard Windows Save or Print dialog box appears. To exit the dialog box without saving, click OK. Example: Classification by Application To classify a workload by application 1 Follow the instructions from “Defining or Modifying Classification Criteria #2 - 6” on page 152 and select Application from the Criteria #2 list of the Classification tab. The Choose box and button become enabled. 2 Click Choose. The Classify by Application dialog box appears. 3 Click Load to display all items that can be used as application attributes. 4 From the Available list, select the items you want to include as attributes and click Include. Note: Use the SHIFT and CTRL keys to select multiple consecutive or non-consecutive attributes. To move an attribute back to the Available list, select it and click Remove. 5 From the Available list, select the attributes to exclude and click Exclude. 6 When finished, click OK to return to the Classification tab and select additional criteria. (Use Cancel to discard classification selections and start over.) Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 155 Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes Example: Classification by Data Object To classify a workload by data object 1 Follow the instructions from “Defining or Modifying Classification Criteria #2 - 6” on page 152 and select Data Objects from the Criteria #2 list of the Classification tab. The Choose box and button become enabled. 2 Click Choose. The Classify by Data Object dialog box appears. 156 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes 3 From the Classify by Data Object dialog box, click Choose from the Object Type dropdown list, and then select the type of data object to be used for classification from one of the following. • Database • Table • View • Macro • Stored Procedure • Function • Method The Load button becomes enabled. 4 Click Load to display all items that can be used as attributes for the selected data object. 5 From the Available list, select the items you want to include as attributes and click Include. Note: Use the SHIFT and CTRL keys to select multiple consecutive or non-consecutive attributes. To move an attribute back to the Available list, select it and click Remove. 6 From the Available list, select the attributes to exclude and click Exclude. 7 When finished, click OK to return to the Classification tab and select additional criteria. Use Cancel to discard classification selections and start over. Example: Classification by Query Band The Include QueryBand and Exclude QueryBand classification options enable requests coming from a single or common logon to be classified into different workloads based on the query band set by the originating application. This enables an application to influence different priorities for different requests. For example, the GUI for an application may have dialogs that require quick responses and other dialogs that submit long running reports that run in the Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 157 Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes background. The application can set a different query band for each type of job, causing the requests to be classified into different workloads and run at different priorities. Instead of running the entire application in a single workload, the application can execute the requests in different workloads, each with a different priority, enabling better use of system resources. Query band values with the same name are OR’ed. Query band values with different names are AND’ed. (NameA=ValA1 OR … OR NameA=ValAn ) AND (NameB=ValB1 OR … OR NameB=ValBm ) AND … (NameX=ValX1 OR … OR NameX=ValXx ) For more on query band usage, see Teradata Viewpoint User Guide (B035-2206). To classify a workload by query band For this example, assume that a workload is being created for batch requisition types by north or east regions, but an exception is needed to exclude accounting jobs. 1 Follow the instructions from “Defining or Modifying Classification Criteria #2 - 6” on page 152 and select Include QueryBand from the Criteria #2 list of the Classification tab. 2 Click Choose. The Include QueryBand dialog box appears. 3 Select Load Names to display all query band names and for this example, select the Region name. Alternatively, type the name Region in the QueryBand Names box. 4 Select Load Values to display all query band values, and for this example, select the North values. Alternatively, type the value North in the QueryBand Values box. 5 Select Add to add the name and value pair. 6 Repeat steps 2-4 steps to add a name and value pair for the East region. 7 When finished, click OK to return to the Classification tab. Use Cancel to discard your classification selections and start over. 8 Click the Choose another selection criteria check box. The Criteria drop-down list appears for you to select the next criteria. 158 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes 9 Select Exclude QueryBand. Notice that Include QueryBand is no longer an option. The Exclude QueryBand dialog box appears. 10 Repeat the steps used to configure the Include QueryBand dialog box and define the accounting job whose query band you want to exclude. 11 When finished, select OK to close the dialog box and return to the Classification tab, which appears similar to the following. Working with Workload Exceptions Setting Run-Time Exception Directives After you create new WDs, you define exception directives that instruct Teradata WA how to monitor queries, and what to do if a query exceeds exception criteria while it is executing. An exception directive consists of a set of exception criteria (exception metrics) and a set of exception actions (actions that Teradata WA takes when all of the metrics for a set of exception criteria are exceeded). If a request exceeds all exception metrics (for example, a request exceeds 1000 CPU seconds), it is potentially disqualified from the workload and conforms to the enabled exception actions. When specifying multiple metrics in one exception criteria set for a WD, they act as a set of AND'ed conditions. Multiple exception directives can be defined for a WD. When you define multiple exception directives for a WD with different sets of exception criteria but the same set of exception Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 159 Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes actions, each exception criteria set is treated as alternative (OR'd) conditions. See “Handling Concurrent Multiple Exception Directives for a WD” on page 169 for guidelines Teradata WA follows when multiple exception directives are applicable at the same time for a WD. It is recommended that you avoid overly complex combinations of exception criteria in an exception directive until you have experience about how your system performs. Exception directives are operating environment-dependent. You can vary exception directives for different operating environments. In one operating environment, a WD may use several exception directives, while in another operating environment the same WD may not use any exception directives. Note: You cannot specify exception directives for WDs that use utilities as classification criteria. Setting Local Exception Directives You can use Teradata WA to define local exception directives for a WD. A local exception directive applies only to the current WD. A global exception directive applies to several (or all) WDs. For instructions on creating global exception directives, see Teradata Viewpoint User Guide (B035-2206). Note: Exception actions are unavailable if you selected a utility type in the Classification tab. 160 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes To create a new local exception directive for a WD 1 Select a WD and click the Exception tab. The Exception tab appears. 2 Click New. The Add Local Exception dialog box displays. Figure 25: Add Local Exception Dialog Box Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 161 Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes 3 Fill in the fields/controls as follows. Table 19: Add Local Exception Fields/Controls Field/Control. Action/Comment. Exception Name Enter the name of the new local exception. Description Specify an optional description. Apply to Operating Environment(s) Apply the local exception to one or more operating environment periods. By default, all operating environments are selected. Note that you can select Overview in the Exception tab to view the operating environment periods you selected for a local exception. 4 Select OK to close the dialog box and return to the Exception tab. 5 To specify exception criteria for the new exception directive, see “To define exception criteria” on page 163. 6 To specify exception actions for the new exception directive, see “To define exception actions” on page 166. 7 To apply operating environments to your new exception directive, select Apply OpEnv. The Exception Apply dialog box displays with the defined operating environments. For instructions on defining operating environments, see “Adding Initial Workload Periods for PSA Migration” on page 25. Figure 26: Sample Exception Apply Dialog Box 8 Select the operating environments you want to apply to the exception directive, and select OK to close the dialog box. 9 Select Accept to save your settings, Restore to reverse them Select Overview to view the operating environments you applied to the exception directive. 162 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes To delete exceptions 1 From the Exception tab, select the exception you want to delete, and then click Delete. The Exception Delete dialog box appears showing the selected exception. 2 Click OK. To define exception criteria 1 Select the exception directive you want to define in the Exceptions tab. 2 Fill in the fields/controls as follows. Table 20: Exception Criteria Fields/Controls Field/Control Action/Comment Maximum Rows 1 Select the control. 2 Enter the per step maximum rows in a spool file. IO Count 1 Select the control. 2 Enter the maximum number of disk I/Os performed on behalf of the query. Spool Size 1 Select the control. 2 Enter the maximum size of a spool file (per step). 3 Choose whether the size is in: • • • • Number of Amps Bytes Thousand Bytes Million Bytes Billion Bytes 1 Select the control. 2 Enter the number of AMPs that participate in the query. Blocked Time 1 Select the control. 2 Enter the length of time the query is blocked by another query. Elapsed Time 1 Select the control. 2 Enter the length of time the query has been running (that is, response time). This time is stored in the Teradata Database as centiseconds. Sum Over All Nodes 1 Select the control. 2 Enter the total amount of CPU time consumed by the query over all nodes. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 163 Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes Table 20: Exception Criteria Fields/Controls (continued) Field/Control Action/Comment Tactical CPU Usage Threshold (per node) 1 Select the control. 2 Enter a positive value. Note the following: • Specify a value less than the value specified for Sum Over All Nodes. • Specify a value less than 3 seconds to optimize performance. • Specify Change Workload and another WD mapped to an AG in the same RP as one of the exception actions. For more information on setting this control, see Teradata Viewpoint User Guide (B035-2206). Note the following: • This parameter is enabled only if the WD is Tactical in the Workload Attributes tab and there is a positive value for CPU Sum Over All Nodes. • All exceptions in the same operating environment with Tactical CPU Usage Threshold (per node) must use the same value and have the same WD in a Change Workload exception action. Qualification CPU Time 1 Select the control. The Qualification Time box becomes active when a skew control is checked. 2 Enter the length of time the following exception conditions must persist before the following criteria are satisfied (in CPU seconds): • CPU millisec per IO • IO Skew • CPU Skew • IO Skew Percent • CPU Skew Percent You must select one of these criteria to activate Qualification Time. Note that if you do not enter a Qualification Time value, Teradata WA uses the Exception Interval. Qualification Time must be an integer multiple of the global the Exception Interval and greater than zero. For more information on these options, see Teradata Viewpoint User Guide (B035-2206). 164 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes Table 20: Exception Criteria Fields/Controls (continued) Field/Control Action/Comment IO Skew 1 Select the control. CPU Skew 2 Enter a value: • IO Skew: The maximum difference in disk I/O counts between the busiest AMP and the average of all involved AMPs during the last exception interval. • CPU Skew: The maximum difference in CPU consumption between the busiest AMP and the average of all involved AMPs during the last exception interval. A value of zero means there is no skew. A value greater than zero indicates skew that accumulates to a larger and larger value as long as the skew continues, up until the skew exceeds the Qualification Time. For more information on these options, see Teradata Viewpoint User Guide (B035-2206). Note the following: • The skew must exceed the Qualification Time before Teradata WA performs the action you specify. • The skew must persist for a specifiable length of time, in CPU seconds, that is greater than one global Exception Interval, to qualify as an exception. CPU millisec per IO 1 Select the control. 2 Enter the maximum ratio of CPU consumption to disk I/O during the last exception interval. You can use this control to detect queries that have an unusually high ratio of CPU processing relative to logical I/Os incurred (for example, an accidental unconstrained product join performed on a very large table). Because of their very high CPU usage, these queries can steal CPU resources from other higher priority workloads, impacting the ability of the Priority Scheduler to favor higher priority requests. It is recommended that you initially set this control to 5 or greater. You must select this control to activate Qualification Time. Note the following: • The ratio must exceed the Qualification Time before Teradata WA performs the action you specify. • The ratio must persist for a specifiable length of time, in CPU seconds, that is greater than one global Exception Interval, to qualify as an exception. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 165 Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes Table 20: Exception Criteria Fields/Controls (continued) Field/Control Action/Comment IO Skew Percent 1 Select the control. CPU Skew Percent 2 Enter a value: • IO Skew Percent: The maximum percentage difference in disk I/O counts between the busiest AMP and the average of all involved AMPs during the last exception interval. • CPU Skew Percent: The maximum percentage difference in CPU consumption between the busiest AMP and the average of all involved AMPs during the last exception interval. A value of 0% means there is no skew. A value greater than 0% indicates skew. The larger the percentage, the worse the skew is. The impact of that skew grows exponentially. The skew must exceed the Qualification Time before Teradata WA performs the action you specify. For more information about these options, see Teradata Viewpoint User Guide (B035-2206). 3 Select Accept to accept your changes. 4 Next, specify the exception actions Teradata WA performs when the exception criteria are exceeded. To define exception actions ✔ Under Exception Actions, select the appropriate fields/controls. You must specify at least one exception criteria to access these controls. Table 21: Exception Action Fields/Controls Field/Control Action/Comment No Exception Monitoring Select this control to prevent logging. This control temporarily disables the exception directive without deleting it. Continue and Log Select this control to log the exception and choose another action. If you select this option, you can select Change Workload, Raise Alert, and Run Program. 166 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes Table 21: Exception Action Fields/Controls (continued) Field/Control Action/Comment Change Workload 1 Select Continue and Log. Change Workload is only available with Continue and Log. 2 Select Change Workload. 3 Select the WD in the list box to log the exception and move the request to the specified WD. If you specify a positive value for Tactical CPU Usage Threshold (per node), you must specify Change Workload and another WD mapped to an AG in the same RP as one of the exception actions. All exceptions in the same operating environment with Tactical CPU Usage Threshold (per node) must use the same value and have the same WD in a Change Workload exception action. If you specified values for Blocked Time, Elapsed Time, or both, Change Workload is not an option as an exception action. When specifying Change Workload as the exception action that is not to be applied to all operating environments, the following warning will display: Warning: By not applying an Exception with a Change Workload action to all operating Environments, a request may not consistently route to the same final Workload across different Operating Environments. This may lead to misleading or confusing workload accounting. You may not specify Change Workload for the default workload (WD-default). Raise Alert 1 Select Continue and Log, Abort and Log, or Abort on Select and Log to access Raise Alert. 2 Select Raise Alert to log the exception and raise an alert. 3 Enter the name of the alert configured using Teradata Viewpoint Alert Setup. Run Program 1 Select Continue and Log, Abort and Log, or Abort on Select and Log to access Run Program. 2 Select Run Program to log the exception and run a program. For more information, see Teradata Viewpoint User Guide (B035-2206). Post to Queue Table 1 Select Continue and Log, Abort and Log, or Abort on Select and Log to access Post to Queue Table. 2 Select Post to Queue Table to log to the DBC.SystemQtbl table. Note that the Query ID is recorded and can be used to connect information from the TDWMExceptionLog and the DBQLSqlTbl. 3 [Optional] Enter a comment (maximum 120 characters) in the text box. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 167 Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes Table 21: Exception Action Fields/Controls (continued) Field/Control Action/Comment Abort and Log Select this control to log the exception and abort the request. When you select this option, Raise Alert and Run Program are enabled. Abort on Select and Log Select this control to log the exception and abort the request if it contains only SELECT statement(s) and the current transaction has not executed any UPDATE, DELETE, or INSERT statements. Otherwise, select Continue and Log. When you select this option, Raise Alert and Run Program are enabled. Setting Exception Precedence After you define two or more local or global exception directives, you can set the precedence. Teradata WA uses the precedence to determine the exception directives that are more important to honor in the event of a conflict. Teradata WA typically honors local exception directives before global exception directives. Note that Teradata WA does not consider precedence when evaluating exception directives. Teradata WA only considers precedence when performing the actions you specified. To set exception precedence 1 168 On the Exception tab for a WD, or in the Global Exceptions view, select Precedence. The Exception Precedence dialog box displays. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Working with Workload Attributes The Exception Precedence dialog box lists all exceptions defined for a workload, and indicates their priority in descending order. By default, the exceptions are listed in the order in which they are created. 2 To change the priority of an exception, select the exception, and then select the up or down arrow to move it to its desired location. Repeat this step for each exception whose priority you want to change. 3 When finished, select OK to accept the priority listing and close the dialog box. Handling Concurrent Multiple Exception Directives for a WD Teradata WA follows these guidelines when multiple exception directives (multiple exception criteria/actions) are applicable at the same time for a WD. Teradata WA evaluates all exception directives. It is possible that multiple exception directives are exceeded together. If so, Teradata WA performs all the corresponding exception actions that do not conflict. A conflict occurs when two exception actions to be performed are either: • Abort and change WD or • Change to different WDs (for example, change to WD-A and change to WD-B). Teradata WA follows these guidelines to resolve conflicting exception actions when necessary: • Local exception actions take precedence over global exception actions. • Teradata WA orders local and global exception actions to their defined precedence for resolving situations similar to the following case: if Maximum Rows > 100, Change Workload to WD-M if Sum Over All Nodes > 200, Change Workload to WD-N If Maximum Rows and Sum Over All Nodes both exceed their limits at the same time, the defined precedence determines to which WD Teradata WA changes. • If Teradata WA must perform several exception actions because one or more exception criteria occur simultaneously, Teradata WA always executes all Raise Alert, Run Program, and Post to Queue Table exception actions. Other actions occur as follows: • If you did not specify Abort and Log or Abort on Select and Log, and you specified multiple global Change Workload exception actions, the global Change Workload exception action with highest precedence occurs. Teradata WA logs all other Change Workload exception actions as overridden. • If you did not specify Abort and Log or Abort on Select and Log, and you specified multiple local Change Workload exception actions, the local Change Workload exception action with highest precedence occurs. Teradata WA logs all other Change Workload exception actions as overridden. • If you did not specify Abort and Log or Abort on Select and Log, and you specified multiple global and local Change Workload exception actions, the local Change Workload exception action with highest precedence occurs, since local exception actions take precedence over global exception actions. Teradata WA logs all other Change Workload exception actions as overridden. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 169 Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Viewing the Active Rule Set • Aborts take precedence over any Change Workload exception actions. If you specified Abort and Log or Abort on Select and Log, and you specified multiple global and local Change Workload exception actions, Teradata WA aborts the query and logs all Change Workload exception actions as overridden. Viewing the Active Rule Set The Active Rule Set Information screen displays the name and historical information about the rule set. Note: This screen is not available during New Workload Recommendations and Existing Workload Analysis processes. To display active rule sets ✔ After starting Workload Analyzer, select View > Active Rule Set. The Active Rule Set Information dialog box appears. Note: This dialog box cannot be used to change rule set information. Viewing the Candidate Workload Report The Candidate Workload Report contains classification criteria, service level goals and other important information about candidate workloads. To view a Candidate Workload Report 1 After connecting to the TDWM database, select Analysis > New Workload Recommendations. The Define DBQL Inputs dialog box appears. 170 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Viewing the Candidate Workload Report 2 Complete the parameters as described in “Defining DBQL Inputs” on page 52. 3 After specifying the options, click OK. Teradata WA queries the DBQL. This query may take several minutes. The Candidate Workload Report window appears. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 171 Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Viewing Evaluation Order of Candidate Workloads To change information displayed in the summary, use the Attributes or SLG Graph options as appropriate; these are in the left pane of the Teradata WA user interface. Note: For detailed information on the Workload Report options, see “Viewing Workloads Using the Candidate Workload Report” on page 56. Viewing Evaluation Order of Candidate Workloads Teradata WA sets the evaluation order of workloads in the Candidate Workloads tree after every workload split or merge. The execution of queries can be determined for workloads for classification overlapping. The following table describes how evaluation order is determined for workloads in the Candidate Workload tree. Table 22: Examples of workloads and evaluation order Example Description Evaluation Order 1 A workload such as WD-TWA (a parent workload - Account=TWA and evaluation order of 5) is analyzed with the correlation parameter UserID (TDWM). WD-TWA is set at a higher evaluation order because of the parent workload (WD-TWA) WD-TWA is split into a new workload (WDTDWM). 172 WD-TDWM-classification (Account=TWA and UserID=TDWM). The evaluation order is five. WD-TWA-classification (Account=TWA). The evaluation order is six. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Viewing Evaluation Order of Candidate Workloads Table 22: Examples of workloads and evaluation order (continued) Example Description Evaluation Order 2 WD-TDWM is split into a new workload with Estimated Processing Time as its distribution parameter. WD-TDWM-Estimated Processing Timeclassification (Account=TWA and UserID=TDWM and Estimated Processing Time>10 seconds). The evaluation order is five. WD-TDWM-classification (Account=TWA and UserID=TDWM). The evaluation order is six. WD-TWA-classification (Account=TWA). The evaluation order is seven. 3 The workload in Example1 is split using Copy and Move. Evaluation order results are the same as Example 1. 4 The workload in Example 1 with a wild card. The parent workload of a wild card workload will always have a higher evaluation order. 5 For workload merging, Teradata WA sets the same target workload evaluation order (the workloads to be merged) as the merged workload. WD-A (Account=A). Evaluation order is ten. WD-B (Account=B). Evaluation order is 11. WD-A-Estimated Processing Time (Account=A and Estimated Processing Time>10 seconds). The evaluation order is 12. WD-A and WD-B are merged with WD-AEstimated Processing Time (target workload). WD-Merge1 (Account in (A,B) and Estimated Processint Time>10 seconds). The evaluation order is 12. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 173 Chapter 6: Viewing or Changing Workload Data Viewing Evaluation Order of Candidate Workloads 174 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide CHAPTER 7 Changes to support TASM 14.10 SLG Responsive Priority Scheduler This section discusses the Teradata Workload Analyzer interface changes added for TASM 14.10 and SLES11 support. It includes the following topics: • TASM 14.10 — SLES11 Support • Workload Attributes • Other GUI Changes for TASM SLES11 Support TASM 14.10 — SLES11 Support Teradata 14.10 TASM includes a new Priority Scheduler design for SLES11. The old Priority Scheduler is an application for TD 14.10 SLES10. The Priority Scheduler for SLES11 is based on constructs such as Virtual Partitions, Workload Methods, Access Levels, and Tiers. All the features that exist in TWA 13.10 will work as is for TD 14.10/SLES10 (except 14.10 changes other than SLES11 Priority Scheduler). Note the following changes when TWA 14.10 is connected to TD 14.10/SLES11: • The Analysis > Convert PDSets to Workloads menu item is disabled. This option is not supported for TD 14.10/SLES11. • Four new default workloads exist in addition to the WD-Default workload. All four default workloads are listed in the candidate workload tree window. • These Default workloads are created for Timeshare workload method with access rates Top, High, Medium, and Low under the default Virtual Partition. Evaluation orders of these Workloads are in the following order: Table 23: Default TWA Workloads Workload Name Workload Classification Workload Method Timeshare Access Level WD-Top Account = "$R*" Timeshare Top WD-High Account = "$H*" Timeshare High WD-Medium Account = "$M*" Timeshare Medium Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 175 Chapter 7: Changes to support TASM 14.10 SLG Responsive Priority Scheduler TASM 14.10 — SLES11 Support Table 23: Default TWA Workloads (continued) 176 Workload Name Workload Classification Workload Method Timeshare Access Level WD-Low Account = "$L*" Timeshare Low WD-Default <no classification> Timeshare Medium • The RuleSet > Workload to AG mapping menu item is disabled since it is not applicable for SLES11 Priority Scheduler. • The Workload Attributes tab view has changed. See “Workload Attributes” on page 177 for more details. • A new tab has been added in the Workload Attributes tab view to define the Tactical Exception for Tactical Workload method. • All Tactical Workloads have a default Tactical Exception rule pair (CPU per Node and I/O per Node) set to default thresholds and are assigned a Change Workload action of WDDefault. The DBA can use the Tactical Exception workload attribute tab to change the default setting. • TWA 14.10 creates a default Virtual Partition name “Standard” with a quota value of 100. All the TWA recommended workloads are mapped with the default Virtual Partition. A Virtual Partition other than the default can be created by selecting Viewpoint >Workload Designer. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 7: Changes to support TASM 14.10 SLG Responsive Priority Scheduler Workload Attributes Workload Attributes The default Workload Method is Timeshare with Medium access rate. The DBA can select a Top, Medium, High, or Low access rate for the Timeshare workload method. The DBA has to enter percent share values for the SLG Tier workload method. Workload Method: • Tactical: short queries with a fixed response-time requirement. • SLG Tier: important queries that should get extra resources. • Timeshare: normal queries. This is the default setting. Tactical exception directive for a WD: The Tactical Exception tab is enabled only for the Tactical workload method. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 177 Chapter 7: Changes to support TASM 14.10 SLG Responsive Priority Scheduler Other GUI Changes for TASM SLES11 Support Field/Control Action/Comment Exception Name Enter the name of the tactical exception Description Specify an optional description CPU Time Enter the CPU Time value Tactical CPU Per Node Enter the CPU Per Node value IO Physical Enter the IO Physical space value IO Per Node Enter the IO Per Node value Other GUI Changes for TASM SLES11 Support The Add Workload dialog has changed: 178 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 7: Changes to support TASM 14.10 SLG Responsive Priority Scheduler Other GUI Changes for TASM SLES11 Support When Split to New Workload with (selected Distribution Parameter) as Exception is selected, the Add New workload With Exception dialog box displays. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 179 Chapter 7: Changes to support TASM 14.10 SLG Responsive Priority Scheduler Other GUI Changes for TASM SLES11 Support 180 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide CHAPTER 8 Recommendation for SLG Tier and Workload Percentage The Teradata 14.10 Priority Scheduler uses different approaches to prioritization in Linux SLES 10 and SLES 11. As a result, workloads designed under SLES 10 need to be adjusted to achieve similar results under SLES 11. The SLG Tier Hints Report The TASM PreMigration tool helps customers to migrate an existing workload to Tactical and TimeShare methods based on enforcement priority and relative weights. The SLG Tier method is intended for workloads that are associated with a short service level goal or service level expectation, which do not generally consume large amounts of CPU, and whose response time consistency is critical to the business. The PreMigration recommendation on SLG Tier mapping is based on enforcement priority and workload classification - which may not be correct for many customers. PreMigration does not provide any recommendation for SLG Tier workload method percent share. This complicates SLES11 TASM migration. Many customers find it difficult to assign the workloads to the SLG Tier method with an appropriate percent share. TWA bypasses this difficulty by providing the option to analyze the existing workloads based on DBQL data, and in this way provides the recommendations for workload reconfiguration. This TWA feature analyzes the existing workloads and provides the recommendations for SLG Tier migration based on peak CPU time and workload relative weight. The Existing Workload Analysis feature analyzes the DBQL data based on the rules shown in “Figure 27: Existing Workload Analysis Rules” on page 182 and provides the recommendations for the SLG Tier workload management method and the workload percent share. For more information on using Existing Workload Analysis, see “Chapter 5 Analyzing Existing Workloads to Meet SLGs” on page 127. Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 181 Chapter 8: Recommendation for SLG Tier and Workload Percentage The SLG Tier Hints Report Figure 27: Existing Workload Analysis Rules To generate an SLG Tier Hints Report ✔ In the Existing workload Candidates Workload Report, right-click a workload and select SLG tier hints Report to generate the recommendations as shown below. 182 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Chapter 8: Recommendation for SLG Tier and Workload Percentage The SLG Tier Hints Report The SLG Tier Workload Method Hints Report appears. Figure 28: SLG Tier Workload Method Hints Report Field Description Workload Name Displays the name of the current workload being viewed Enforcement Priority Displays the currently assigned enforcement priority for the selected workload Relative Weight % Displays the relative weight associated with the workload Peak CPU % Displays percent of Total CPU Percentage of the total CPU time (in seconds) used on all AMPs by this session SLG (Response Time) Displays SLG Changes Response Time Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 183 Chapter 8: Recommendation for SLG Tier and Workload Percentage The SLG Tier Hints Report 184 Field Description Recommendation for SLG Tier Displays recommendation for SLG tiers (YES/NO) Recommended SLG Tier Share Displays recommended Share Percentage of SLG tier Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Glossary A account The distinct account name portion of the system account strings, excluding the performance group designation. Accounts can be employed wherever a user object can be specified. allocation group (AG) A set of parameters that determine the amount of resources available to the sessions assigned to a PG referencing a specific AG. Has an assigned weight that is compared to other AG weights. An AG can limit the total amount of CPU used by sessions under its control. C CLI Command-line interface CLIv2 Call-Level Interface, Version 2. A library of routines that enable an application program to access data stored in Teradata Database. When used with network-attached clients, CLIv2 contains the following components: • CLI (Call-Level Interface) • MTDP (Micro Teradata Director Program) • MOSI (Micro Operating System Interface) Version 2 of the CLI interface. A collection of callable service routines that provide an interface to a Teradata Database. The interface between the application program and the MTDP (for network-attached clients) or TDP (for mainframe-attached clients). column In the relational model of Teradata SQL, databases consist of one or more tables. In turn, each table consists of fields, organized into one or more columns by zero or more rows. All of the fields of a given column share the same attributes. CPU Central processing unit D DBA Database Administrator. Generally, a person responsible for the design and management of one or more databases and for the evaluation, selection, and implementation of database management systems. DBC Name of database with Teradata Database system tables. DBCAREA A communication structure shared by an application program and CLI. The application uses it to forward control and data information. CLI uses it to return control and data information. An application may use a single DBCAREA or multiple DBCAREAs. CLI Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 185 Glossary retains no knowledge of a particular DBCAREA across multiple CLI calls. CLI is concerned only with the values for DBCAREA that are meaningful to the routine called. DBQL Database Query Logging, Database Query Log DBQL is a series of system tables created in the DBC database during Teradata Database installation. Used to track query processing. See Database Administration (B035-1093) to learn more about the DBQL. DBQM Database Query Manager. DDL Data Definition Language. Supports manipulating database structures and the Data Dictionary information kept about these structures. In Teradata SQL, the statements and facilities that manipulate database structures (such as CREATE, MODIFY, DROP, GRANT, REVOKE, and GIVE) and the Data Dictionary information kept about those structures. In the typical, pre-relational data management system, data definition and data manipulation facilities are separated, and the data definition facilities are less flexible and more difficult to use than in a relational system. DML Data Manipulation Language In Teradata SQL, the statements and facilities that manipulate or change the information content of the database. These statements include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE. I ID Identifier or Identification. J JDBC Java Database Connectivity An API for the Java programming language that defines how a client can access a database. Provides methods for querying and updating data in a database. Oriented toward relational databases. M macro A file created and stored on Teradata Database and executed in response to a Teradata SQL EXECUTE statement. A set of Teradata SQL statements stored by the Teradata Database and executed by a single EXECUTE statement. Each macro execution is implicitly treated as a transaction. P parameter A variable name in a macro for which an argument value is substituted when the macro is executed. PDSet Collection of data, including the resource partition, performance group, allocation group, performance period type, and other definitions that control how the Priority Scheduler manages and schedules session execution. procedure Teradata stored procedure. Teradata provides SPL to create stored procedures. A stored procedure contains SQL to access data from within Teradata and SPL to control the execution of the SQL. 186 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Glossary Q query management The primary function of DWM is to manage logons and queries. This feature examines logon and query requests before they are dispatched for execution within Teradata Database, and may reject logons, and may reject or delay queries. It does this by comparing the objects referenced in the requests to the types of DBA-defined rules. R request In host software, a message sent from an application program to Teradata Database. resource partition A collection of prioritized PGs related by user associations. Has an assigned weight that determines the proportion of resources available to that partition relative to the other partitions defined for that Teradata Database. rule Rules are the name given to the method used by DWM to define what requests are prohibited from being immediately executed on Teradata Database. That is, the rules enforced by DWM provide the Query Management capabilities. resource partitions Resource partitions divide the Teradata Database users into groups based on some use or priority strategy, such as by subject area or type of work. S session Also called a Teradata Database session. A session begins when the user logs on to Teradata Database and ends when the user logs off Teradata Database. In client software, a logical connection between an application program on a host and Teradata Database. The connection permits the application program to send one request at a time to and receive one response at a time from Teradata Database. statement A request for processing by Teradata Database. A statement consists of a keyword verb, optional phrases, and operands and is processed as a single entity. SQL Structured Query Language T table A set of one or more columns with zero or more rows that consist of fields of related information. A two-dimensional structure made up of one or more columns with zero or more rows that consist of fields of related information. See also target table. TDWM TASM A database used with Teradata Workload Analyzer. Teradata Active System Management V view An alternate way of organizing and presenting information in a Teradata Database. A view, like a table, has rows and columns. However, the rows and columns of a view are not Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide 187 Glossary stored directly by Teradata Database. They are derived from the rows and columns of tables (or other views) whenever the view is referenced. 188 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Index A About command 32 about Teradata WA 15 Account field 41 Account String field 25, 57 accounts, defined 185 Active AMPS field 58, 133 active rule set 170 Active Rule Set command 31 Active Rule Set Information dialog box 170 Add Workload Classification dialog box 139 Add Workload dialog box 59, 70, 77, 96 allocation group defined 185 Priority Scheduler settings field 41 Analysis menu commands Convert PDSets to Workloads 31 Existing Workload Analysis 31 New Workload Recommendations 31 Analyze Workload window 65, 74 Authentication Mechanism field 24 Authentication Parameter field 24 Auto-Generate Workloads dialog box 71 Avg Est Processing Time field 57 C Candidate Workload Report 56, 131, 171 candidate workload summary 170 Candidate Workloads tree 32 category of work 91 classification criteria application example 155 by excluded objects example 156 defined 150 defining #1 for WDs 151 defining #2-6 for WDs 152 displaying 154 QueryBand example 157 Classify by excluded objects merged workloads 144 split workloads 142 Classify By... dialog box 140 client address formats 152 CLIv2, defined 185 columns, defined 185 configuration Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide application options 23 configuring application options 29 Connect command 31 Connect to Teradata Database dialog box options advanced 24 basic 24 ways to connect 23 Convert PDSets to Workloads command 31 copying DBQL data 22 CPU per Query field (Seconds) 57, 133 Skew (Percent) field 133 Skew field 58 To Disk Ratio field 58, 133 creating local exception directives 161 D Data Collection Interval dialog box 38 data manipulation language, defined 186 database connecting 23 permission requirements 19 DBC, defined 185 DBCAREA, defined 185 DBQL access external databases 19 defined 186 detail logging 22 large volumes of data 22 Step Table, enabling 22 summary logging 22 DBQLSQLTbl 167 DBQM, defined 186 DDL, defined 186 deeper drill-down analysis and refinement 96 process 98 general example 102 example with querybands 109 Default Database field 25 Define DBQL Inputs dialog box 52, 128, 170 Define Periods (Operating Environments) dialog box 25, 36 Define System Periods command 32 189 Index menu item 25 defining exception actions 166 exception criteria 163 Disconnect command 31 disconnecting from the Teradata Database 25 Disk I/O Per Query field 58, 133 distinct value counts in a workload 29 DML See data manipulation language E enforcement priorities, defining 91 Estimated Processing Time dialog box 77 histogram 78 option 75 evaluation order, and candidate workloads 172 exception actions defined 159 defining 166 exception criteria defined 159 defining 163 deleting 163 exception directives 169 defined 159 global 160 local 160 setting precedence 168 exception handling guidelines 169 Existing Priority Scheduler Weights dialog box 42 Existing PSA Setting dialog box 41 tab 40 existing workload analysis 128 Existing Workload Analysis command 31 Exit command 31 exiting Teradata WA 23 External DBQL log option 19 F File menu commands Connect 31 Disconnect 31 Exit 31 G global exception directives 160 glossary 185 goals for workload analysis 49 190 H handling concurrent multiple exception directives 169 help menu commands About SQL Assistant command 33 About Teradata Workload Analyzer 32 Help Contents 32 online help 33 I I/O Skew field 58, 133 ID, defined 186 initial workload periods adding 25 defining 25 J JDBC, defined 186 L local exception directives 160 logging DBQL detail or summary 22 enabling detail 22 Step Table 22 summary 22 login 23 M macros, defined 186 Merge Workloads dialog box 137 merged workloads 144 Migrated TASM Settings tab 43 Milestone field 41 Milestone Value field 41 N Navigation Help command 31 using 33 New Workload Recommendations command 31 O online help 33 Options command 32 configuring application options 29 define Teradata WA options 30 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide Index P parameters, defined 186 Password field 24 Percent of Total I/O field 57 Perform Analysis button, and viewing graphs 68 PG Name field 41 PG Status field 41 planning for workload analysis 49 Post to Queue Table exception action relationships 169 for exception events 167 precedence, setting for exception directives 168 preview classification 71 Priority Scheduler migration adding initial workload periods 25 Priority Scheduler settings converting to workloads 43 viewing 41 procedures, defined 186 product introduction 15 product version numbers 4 PSA to DWM Conversion - CPU Distribution dialog box 44 Q Query Count field 57 query management, defined 187 QueryBand, classification criteria example 157 R recommendations, generating for workloads 51 requests, defined 187 requirements database permissions 19 software 20 Teradata CLIv2 20 Teradata Database 20 resource partitions, defined 187 Response Time field 58, 133 Result Row Count field 58, 133 RP Name field 41 rule set active 170 workload 17 rules defined 187 workload management, creating 21 defining 88, 133 not met 127 splitting workloads when not met 138 Session character set 24 sessions, defined 187 Set Enforcement Priority dialog box 92 Show distinct count 30 shutdown 23 SLG Met Details field 132 SLG Recommendations window 46, 89, 133 SLG Tier Hints Report 181 software requirements 20 Split Workloads dialog box 138 Spool Usage field 58, 133 starting Teradata WA 23 statements, defined 187 Status Bar command 31 Subject Area Resource Division 91 System (DBS) Name field 24 T tables, defined 187 TASM enabling 21 how it works with Teradata WA 15 TASM PreMigration Tool 181 TDWM database, connection 23 TDWMExceptionLog 167 Teradata CLIv2 requirements 20 Teradata Database connecting 23 disconnecting 25 Regulator component 17 requirements for running 20 Teradata Dynamic Workload Manager command 32 Teradata WA exiting 23 introduction to 15 starting 23 Toolbar command 31 Tools menu Define System Periods option 25, 32 Options command 32 Teradata Dynamic Workload Manager command 32 troubleshooting. See help 33 U S user interface, navigating 30 User Name field 24 Save Rule Set dialog box 95 Select PDSet(s) dialog box 36 Select Rule Set dialog box 27 service level goals V Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide version numbers 4 191 Index View menu commands Active Rule Set 31 Navigation Help 31 Status Bar 31 Toolbar 31 viewing graphs 68 Viewpoint 17 Viewpoint Workload Designer 16 views, defined 187 W WDs defining classification criteria #1 151 defining classification criteria #2-6 152 displaying classification criteria 154 wild card filters and creating workloads 61 workload analysis, overview 17 Workload Health 17 Workload Monitor 17 Workload Prefix field 30 Workload-Allocation Group Mapping dialog box 93, 94 workloads attributes, viewing 147 creating 94 management rules, creating 21 mapping to allocation groups 90 maximum number supported 56 periods, defining 25 planning analysis of 49 recommendations, generating 51 rule sets, creating 17 viewing or modifying attributes 147 Z Zoom In dialog box 78 192 Teradata Workload Analyzer User Guide
