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Topical Agents
3rd Year Pharmacy
2016 - 2017
Outline
Classification a- protective b- antimicrobial •
agents
A- protective products •
Talc , Zinc oxide ZnO, Calamine, Titinum oxide •
TiO2, Al products& silicon polymer
Antimicrobials •
Mechanism 1-oxidation H2O2,ZnO,KMnO4, Iodine •
2- Halogenations NaOCl •
3- protein ppt AgNO3. •
Protective Agents
Protective •
Any agent that isolates the exposed •
surface from harmful or annoying stimuli
Properties of protective agents: •
Insoluble in water •
Chemical Inertness
Adsorbent
Deeper penetration of topical agents are also •
seen in many cases which are beneficial.
(Penetration of antiseptics into the tissue
deeper of possibility the prevents skin the below •
-)infections
•
Protective Agents
Talc
Talc (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 •
protective: native hydrous magnesium silicate, •
common name and chemical formula.
Soapstone can be grinding in 80/100 mesh •
particle size.
As grease touch., insoluble in water, •
Uses as protective agents , as lubricants and •
in pharmaceuticals, as cosmetics,
ceramics, for plastic cloves,
Zinc Oxide ( ZnO )
White or fait yellow color powder, insoluble in •
water. Other formulation as Zinc Oxide ointment
for adult, & Zinc Oxide in Glycerin for children.
Dusting powder, used astringent and protective •
topical agent, mild antiseptic, used in the acne
preparation, eczema,& psoriasis
It is usually used in the manufacture of •
plasters.
Calamine ZnO and Fe2O3
It used as dusting powder, lotions, •
ointments, as smoothing agents, for
sunburn, eczema, urticaria. Calamine
lotion is very popular.
Boric Acid H3BO3
Is a weak acid, used as antiseptic, and as •
chemical precursor for many reactions.
Uses: •
1- Antiseptic •
2- dilute solution for eye wash •
3-Acne •
4- Vaginal douche against bacteria. •
5-It used as protective against athlete foot. •
Titanium dioxide TiO2
Topical protective agents as cream is •
used against sunscreen to protect the skin
aganist ultra-violet light ( U.V.).
The organic topical protective agents is •
P-aminobenzoic acid ( PABA) . •
Antimicrobial Agents
Antiseptic: •
Any agent which kills or inhibits the growth of •
microorganisms found in living tissue.
Disinfectant: •
Any agent which kills or inhibits the growth of •
microorganisms found in inanimate objects.
Germicide: •
General term for fungicide, bactericide, •
amoebicide
Mechanisms of action of
antimicrobials
There are THREE proposal mechanisms: •
1-Oxidation •
2-Halogenation
Protein Precipitation3-
Oxidation
cell membrane of bacteria
SH
SH
S---S •
Halogenation the protein of the
cell membrain
H2N CHR CO NH CHR1--- •
(HOCl)
NaOCl
H2NCHRCONCl CHR!...
Protein pption that kill the
microbe
H2NCHR1CONHCHR2---- •
AgNO3 •
H2NCHR1CONHCHR2--- •
•
Ag •
Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2
liquid not store in glass bottles because it •
decompose ,it store in white plastic
container, keep in cold dark place to
prevent decomposition.
There are many uses : •
1- Antiseptic for wash wound , teeth and •
ear
2-Bleaching color ( hair ). •
3- Laundry for cloths. •
Sodium Perborate •
:Antimicrobial •
Composite of H2O2, NaBO2 and NaOH
Used as bleaching agent in non-chlorine
laundry bleaches
Potassium Permanganate KMnO4
Chemically is a strong oxidizing agent, •
solid purple crystalline , odorless.
Store in well closed container. •
Uses: •
1- Oxidizing agent for skin disease in •
different concentrations 1: 5000, 1:15000
2- used in swimming pool for athlete foot. •
3- Strong oxidizing for many organic •
reactions.
Iodine I2
It is dark violet ,insoluble in water , but the •
I2 + KI = I3 – Complex soluble in water as iodine solution, •
soluble in alcohol known as tincture iodine
Iodine solution weak solution ( 25g I2 + 25g KI ) in 100ml •
And strong solution ( 50g I2 + 50g KI ) in 100 ml. •
Iodine preparations and compounds •
Antimicrobial property due to oxidation and Iodination
disinfectants
A chemical reagents in analytical reagent. •
In drug synthesis. •
In Povidin iodine as new product. •
•
Povidone Iodine ( PVP – I)
is a stable chemical complex of poly vinyl •
pyrrolidine iodide. It is broad spectrum
antiseptic for wounds. It is used
disinfectant .
2- Halogenation
Dakin's Solution •
Sodium hypochlorite solution, (usp) •
Contains 4-6% of NaOCl,
It is made from bleach that has been •
diluted and treated to decrease irritation.
Chlorine, the active ingredient in Dakin's
solution, is a strong antiseptic that kills
.most forms of bacteria and viruses.
3- Protein ppt (Silver Nitrate AgNO3)
Prepare as 1% AgNO3 , protective from •
light due to oxidation. Effective against
gonococcal organism.
Antimicrobial activity of these compounds •
is due to protein precipitant action.
1% used eye newborn babies. •