Download Eating Disorders 101 slideshow presentation

Eating Disorders 101
www.NationalEatingDisorders.org
Helpline: 1-800-931-2237
Business Line: 212-575-6200
What are Eating Disorders?
Eating disorders (EDs) involve extreme
emotions, attitudes, and behaviors
surrounding weight, food, and size.
They are serious
health disorders with
both emotional and
physical problems
that can have
potentially lifethreatening
consequences for
people of all genders,
ages, races, religions,
ethnicities, and sexual
orientations.
• Anorexia Nervosa (AN)
• Bulimia Nervosa (BN)
• Binge Eating Disorder
(BED)
• Avoidant-Restrictive
Food Intake Disorder
(ARFID)
• Other Specified
Feeding or Eating
Disorder (OSFED)
Who Do Eating Disorders Affect?
Eating disorders affect everyone; they are
not exclusive to young white women.
10 million men will
struggle with an
eating disorder at
some point in their
lives. (Hudson et al.,
2007)
Eating disorders are at
Teenage girls from
least as prevalent
low-income families
among people of color
are 153% more likely
as they are among
to be bulimic than
white populations in
girls from wealthy
the US, but people of
families are.
color are less likely to
(Eisenberg et al.,
receive help.
2011)
(Marques et al., 2011)
Anorexia Nervosa…
… is characterized primarily by
self-starvation and excessive weight loss.
Symptoms include:
Inadequate food intake leading to a weight that is clearly too low
Disturbance in the experience of body weight or shape
Intense fear of weight gain, obsession with weight, and persistent
behavior to prevent weight gain
Inability to appreciate the severity of the situation
Health Consequences of Anorexia
Dry hair; hair loss
Muscle loss;
overall weakness
Fainting & fatigue
Abnormally low
heart rate; low
blood pressure;
risk of heart failure
Severe dehydration;
kidney failure
Osteoporosis
(reduction of
bone density)
Warning Signs of
Anorexia Nervosa
• Dramatic weight loss
• Preoccupation with weight, food, calories,
and dieting
• Refusal to eat certain foods, progressing to
restrictions against whole categories of food
• Consistent excuses to avoid mealtimes or
situations involving food
• Withdrawal from usual friends and activities
Bulimia Nervosa…
…is characterized primarily by a cycle of binge
eating and compensatory behaviors, such as
self-induced vomiting, in an attempt to undo
the effects of binge eating.
Symptoms include:
Frequent episodes of consuming very large amounts of food
followed by behaviors to prevent weight gain, such as vomiting,
laxative abuse, and excessive exercise
Feeling of being out of control during the binge-eating episodes
Extreme concern with body weight and shape
Most people are of a normal weight
Health Consequences of Bulimia
Tooth decay
Esophageal
inflammation &
possible rupture
Electrolyte
imbalances; heart
failure
Chronic irregular
bowel movements &
constipation
Warning Signs of
Bulimia Nervosa
• Frequent trips to bathroom after meals
• Excessive, rigid exercise regimen;
compulsive need to “burn off” calories
taken in
• Discoloration or staining of the teeth
• Withdrawal from usual friends and activities
• Continued exercise despite injury
• Calluses on the back of hands and knuckles
from self-induced vomiting
Binge Eating Disorder…
…is a type of eating disorder characterized by recurrent
binge eating without the regular use of compensatory
measures to counter the binge eating.
Symptoms include:
Indications that the binge eating is out of control, such as eating
when not hungry, eating to the point of discomfort, or eating alone
because of shame about the behavior
Feelings of strong shame or guilt regarding the binge eating
Health Consequences of BED
Musculoskeletal
problems
Gallbladder
disease
High blood
pressure; high
cholesterol; heart
disease
Type II diabetes
Warning Signs of
Binge Eating Disorder
• Secretive about eating or bingeing episodes
• Repeated episodes of dieting or attempts at
weight loss
• Large amounts of food may be missing from
pantry or found in trash
• Larger than normal amounts of money spent
on food
• Secret stashes of food or empty wrappers
Avoidant-Restrictive Food
Intake Disorder (ARFID)…
…is a type of eating disorder characterized by lack of
interest in food, fears of negative consequences of eating,
and selective or picky eating.
Symptoms include:
Reduced food intake and frequent complaints of bodily discomfort
with no apparent cause
Lack of appetite or interest in food, with a range of preferred
foods narrowing over time
Health Consequences of ARFID
Dry hair; hair loss
Musculoskeletal
problems
Gallbladder
disease
Osteoporosis
(reduction of
bone density)
Warning Signs of
ARFID
• Restricted or reduced food intake
• Frequent complaints about bodily discomfort
with no organic cause
• Lack of appetite or interest in food
• Fear of negative effects of eating food (e.g.,
choking, vomiting)
• Inability or reluctance to eat in front of
others
• Picky eating that is unresolved by late
childhood
Other Specified Feeding or
Eating Disorder (OSFED)
A feeding or eating disorder that causes significant distress or
impairment, but does not meet the criteria for another feeding or
eating disorder.
Atypical Anorexia Nervosa: criteria for AN met but weight is not
below normal
Subthreshold Bulimia Nervosa: criteria for BN met but with less
frequent occurrences
Subthreshold Binge Eating Disorder: criteria for BED met but occurs
at a lower frequency
Purging Disorder: purging without binge eating
Night Eating Syndrome: excessive nighttime food consumption
Warning Signs of
Other Specified Feeding or
Eating Disorder (OSFED)
• Preoccupation with weight but not as
consistent as found in AN, BN, BED
• Increased isolation, depression, or
irritability
• Compulsive or obsessive exercising
Serious, Life-Threatening…
but Treatable
.
Eating disorders are not fads
or phases.
Eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of
any psychiatric disorder.
They are real,
complex, and
devastating illnesses
that can have serious
consequences for
health, productivity,
and relationships.
Early intervention is
key. The earlier a
person seeks
treatment, the greater
the likelihood of
physical and
emotional recovery.
Contributing Factors
•Genetic effects
account for 59-88%
of the liability for
developing anorexia
and bulimia
•Difficulty expressing
emotions
•Weight-based bullying
•Traumatic
experiences
Biological
•Low self-esteem
•Feelings of
inadequacy
•Depression, anxiety,
anger, or loneliness
Psychological
Interpersonal
Social
•Cultural norms
that overvalue
appearance
•Body dissatisfaction
•Drive for thinness
Co-Occurring Disorders
It is not uncommon for someone struggling with an
eating disorder to have a co-occurring diagnosis.
Up to 50% of
Up to 69% of patients
individuals with eating Depression and other with anorexia and 33%
mood disorders codisorders abused
of patients with bulimia
alcohol or illicit drugs, a
have a coexisting
occur with eating
disorders quite
rate five times higher
diagnosis of obsessivefrequently. (Mangweth compulsive disorder.
than the general
population. (National
(National Center on
et al., 2003 & McElroy
et al., 2006)
Center on Addiction &
Addiction and
Substance Abuse)
Substance Abuse)
Prevalence of Eating Disorders
Eating disorders have maintained high
prevalence rates, illustrating the need for
more research, resources, and treatment for
these illnesses.
As many as 20 million females and 10 million
males in the United States will struggle with a
clinically significant eating disorder at some
point in their life. (Hudson et al., 2007)
Mortality & Eating Disorders
Eating disorders are serious illnesses with
potentially fatal consequences.
A review of nearly fifty
Risk of death from
years of research
suicide or medical
confirms that anorexia
complications is
nervosa has the highest markedly increased for
mortality rate of any
individuals with eating
psychiatric disorder.
disorders. (Crow et al.,
(Arcelus et al., 2011)
2009)
For 15- to 24-year-old
women who suffer
from anorexia nervosa,
the mortality rate
associated with the
illness is twelve times
higher than the rate of
all other causes of
death. (Sullivan, 1995)
How to Help a Loved One
Do:
•Learn as much as you can
about eating disorders
•Be honest and vocal
about your concerns
•Be caring, but be firm
•Compliment your loved
one’s inner qualities
•Be a good role model,
practice what you preach
•Tell a trusted adult, if
applicable
Don’t:
•Place shame, blame, or
guilt
•Make rules or promises
that you cannot or will not
uphold
•Give simple solutions
•Ignore or avoid the
situation until it is severe
or life-threatening
Check out NEDA’s Parent Toolkit for more
information: www.myneda.org/parent-toolkit
Treatment of Eating Disorders
Ongoing Support
Intervention
Professional
Treatment
Recovery
Seeking Treatment
Meet with a medical
professional for initial
assessment and diagnosis
Interview providers to find best
fit for individual’s needs
• Review different treatment modalities
and approaches.
• Determine the level of care needed.
• Recommended treatment involves a
multidisciplinary team of professionals
(e.g., therapist, nutritionist, psychiatrist,
physician).
Communicate with all involved
people and parties
Develop ongoing maintenance
plan
• Connect with your insurance provider
regarding coverage. Read your full
insurance policy in advance.
• Communicate with the treatment team
about how best to support your loved
one.
• Coordinate with treatment team to
ensure ongoing treatment plan,
particularly after stepping down care
(e.g., leaving inpatient).
• Support from loved ones is beneficial to
sustaining recovery.
Levels of Care
Inpatient
• Patient is medically unstable (e.g., unstable/depressed vital signs, acute health risk,
complicating co-occurring conditions)
• Patient is psychiatrically unstable (e.g., rapidly worsening symptoms, suicidal)
Residential Treatment
• Patient is medically stable and requires no intensive medical intervention
• Patient is psychiatrically impaired and unable to respond to partial hospital or outpatient
treatment
Partial Hospitalization
• Patient is medically stable but the eating disorder impairs functioning (without immediate risk)
and/or needs daily assessment of physiologic and mental status
• Patient is psychiatrically stable but unable to function in normal situations and/or engages in
daily bingeing, purging, restricting, or other weight control techniques
Intensive Outpatient/Outpatient
• Patient is medically stable and no longer needs daily medical monitoring
• Patient is psychiatrically stable, able to function in normal situations, and make progress
towards recovery
Talking About Eating Disorders
Eating disorders are serious illnesses that should be discussed in a
careful and responsible manner. Keep in mind:
Don't provide ‘tips’ or
play the numbers
game.
Watch out for ‘anorexia
chic.’
Emphasize the
seriousness of eating
disorders without
portraying them as
hopeless.
Don't focus on images
or descriptions of the
body at its unhealthiest
point.
For more information, check out:
www.myneda.org/guidelines-sharing-your-story-responsibly
Recovery is Possible!
The path to recovery is different for
everyone, and each person’s experience
with an eating disorder is unique.
NEDA Helpline: Call, Chat, or Text
Call: (800) 931-2237
Chat: www.myneda.org/helplinechat
Crisis Text Line: Text NEDA to 741741
To learn more or to get involved in
raising awareness, please visit:
www.NationalEatingDisorders.org
Business Phone: (212) 575-6200
Email: [email protected]