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Physical Science Minerals Minerals • Mineral: Naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystal structure • Inorganic: Living things did not produce them • Rocks are made up of Minerals. • Example: Granite (rock) is made up of minerals; quartz, feldspar, mica and hornblende. Feldspar • Most common mineral in earth’s crust • Used in ceramics and household cleaners Feldspar Quartz • 2nd most common mineral in earth’s crust • Electrical properties make them useful in clocks and watches. • The color of a quartz crystal is due to impurities • Onyx, Tiger’s eye, citrine, amethyst are all kinds of quartz Rocks and Minerals - Quartz Quartz – Onyx Quartz – Tiger Eye Quartz – Amethyst Mica • Resistant to heat used in windows of stoves and kerosene heaters • Insulator used in electronic parts Properties of Minerals • All Minerals have a Crystal Structure – Crystals have sides • Quartz – 6 sided crystal • Garnet – 12 sided crystal • Color – Can be deceptive –slight impurities can change color of the mineral – Pyrite – golden in color – Sulfur – Yellow Properties of Minerals • Hardness: Resistance of a mineral to scratching. • A harder mineral can scratch a softer one Properties of Minerals • Fracture: Describes how a mineral breaks. • Cleavage: Mineral breaks along well defined flat surfaces. – Mica
