Download HIV/AIDS Worldwide 38 million

Pongphol Pongthaisong
Animal Immunology
6 Feb 2014
• HIV/AIDS Worldwide
• General information of AIDS
• AIDS and Immunity
HIV/AIDS Worldwide
• 38 million people live with
HIV/AIDS worldwide.
• Sub-Saharan Africa is home to
70% of the people living with
HIV.
• 2.1 million children are infected
with HIV/AIDS in the world
Top HIV/AIDS-Infected Countries
SubSaharan
Africa
1.
South Africa
9. United States
2.
Nigeria
10.Russian Federation
3.
Zimbabwe
11.China
4.
Tanzania
12.Brazil
5.
The Congo
6.
Ethiopia
7.
Kenya
8.
Mozambique
13.Thailand
Source: Steinbrook R. The AIDS epidemic in 2004. NEJM. 2004;351:115-117.
 Acquired - because it's a condition one must acquire or get
infected with, not something transmitted through the genes
 Immune - because it affects the body's immune system, the
part of the body which usually works to fight off germs such as
bacteria and viruses
 Deficiency - because it makes the immune system deficient
 Syndrome - because someone with AIDS may experience a
wide range of different diseases and opportunistic infections
Pathogenesis
of
HIV infection
AIDS is the
final stage
CD4 Count in HIV infection
• The CD4 cell , also known as "T4" or "helper T cell“ is responsible
for signaling other parts of the immune system to respond to an
infection.
• Initially in HIV infection there is a sharp drop in the CD4 count and
then the count levels off to around 500-600 cells/mm (normal 500 1500 )
• CD4 count is a marker of likely disease progression. CD4 percentage
tends to decline as HIV disease progresses.
• CD4 counts can also be used to predict the risks for particular
conditions such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, CMV disease or
MAI disease.
• Treatment decisions are often based on Viral Load and CD4 count.
Natural History of Untreated HIV
Infection