Download Basic Cell Structure

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ell/cell.htm
Basic Cell Structure
Cell membrane—“gatekeeper”
 semipermeable allowing some
particles in and out
Phospholipids A bilayer that makes up the cell
membrane
 Hydrophilic heads are on the
outside of each layer
 Hydrophobic tails are on the inside
of each layer
Cytoplasm All of the material within the cell
that suspends the organelles
Cytoskeleton protein fibers and tubes that give
the cell shape and support –
organelles are anchored here
 helps cell move
Nucleus- “blueprint”
 Contains chromosomes –the genetic
information for all life
 Humans have 46 chromosomes, each
species has a specific number
Chromosomes genetic material found in the
nucleus
 called chromatin when individual
chromosomes are not distinguishable
Nucleolus (plural: nucleoli)
 Within the nucleus and form
ribosomes
Cell Organelles
Ribosomes make proteins from amino acids
 Suspended in cytoplasm
 Bound to endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum Production and transportation
 Rough endoplasmic reticulum have
ribosomes for protein synthesis
 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum makes
lipids
 Process carbohydrates
 Rid cell of wastes
Golgi apparatus package, sort, distribute proteins
and other molecules
Mitochondria(singular: mitochondrion)“powerhouse” –
 change stored energy in cell into a
more useful form
 ATP – produced in mitochondria
(changes food into ATP)
Lysosomes digestive enzymes break down large
molecules, dead or damaged cells
Cilia Extensions of cytoskeleton
 Short and many
 Alternating strokes
Flagella
 Extensions of cytoskeleton
 Whiplike motion
 One or two
Cell Diversity
Plant vs. animal cells
 Chloroplasts- contain the pigment
chlorophyll, which is important in
photosynthesis
 Cell wall- provides support
 prevents drying out of plant cells
 Rigid –helps maintain shape
 Vacuole central large vacuole in plants –
stores food, water and minerals,
wastes and poisons
Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes
Prokaroytes:
 Lack membrane bound organelles
 Lack a nucleus
 Unicellular or single-celled
 Examples bacteria,
cyanobacteria(used to be called
blue-green algae)
Eukaryotes:
 Complex organelles
 Have a nucleus
 Single-celled and multicellular
 Examples; plants, animals, protists,
fungi