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Brachial plexus
Lufukuja G.
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Brachial plexus
• The brachial plexus is a major network of nerves supplying the
upper limb. It begins in the lateral cervical region (posterior
triangle) and extends into the axilla.
• The brachial plexus is formed by the union of the anterior rami
of the (C5-8) and T1 nerves, which constitute the roots of brachial
plexus
• The roots usually pass through the gap between the anterior and
the middle scalene muscles with the subclavian artery.
• The sympathetic fibers carried by each root of the plexus are
received from gray rami of the middle and inferior cervical
ganglia as the roots pass between the scalene muscles.
Lufukuja G.
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Lufukuja G.
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G.LUFUKUJA
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Brachial plexus…
• In the inferior part of the neck, the roots of the brachial plexus
unite to form three trunks :
 A superior trunk, from the union of the C5 and C6 roots.
 A middle trunk, which is a continuation of the C7 root.
 An inferior trunk, from the union of the C8 and T1 roots.
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Brachial plexus…
• Each trunk of the brachial plexus divides into anterior and
posterior divisions as the plexus passes through the
cervicoaxillary canal posterior to the clavicle.
• Anterior divisions of the trunks supply the anterior (flexor)
compartments of the upper limb, and posterior divisions of the
trunks supply the posterior (extensor) compartments of the
upper limb.
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Brachial plexus…
• The divisions of the trunks form three cords of the brachial
plexus, within the axilla:
 Anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks unite to
form the lateral cord.
 Anterior division of the inferior trunk continues as the medial
cord.
 Posterior divisions of all three trunks unite to form the
posterior cord.
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Cords Give off Branches!! (in axilla)
LATERAL CORD
LATERAL PECTORAL NERVE
MUSCULOCUTANEOUS
LATERAL ROOT OF MEDIAN NERVE
MEDIAL PECTORAL NERVE
MEDIAL CORD
MEDIAL ROOT OF MEDIAN NERVE
MEDIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE OF ARM
MEDIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE OF FOREARM
ULNAR NERVE
UPPER SUBSCAPULAR
POSTERIOR
CORD
THORACODORSAL
LOWER SUBSCAPULAR
AXILLARY NERVE
RADIAL NERVE
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Lufukuja G.
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APPLIED ANATOMY
ERB’S PARALYSIS:
Site of injury: Upper Trunk of Brachial plexus
Cause of injury: Undue separation of the head from shoulder
Nerves roots involved: C5 – C6
Muscles paralysed:
Biceps, Deltoid, Brachialis & Brachioradialis.
Partly supraspinatus, infraspinatus and supinator
The deformity is known as
waiter's tip hand or Porter’s tip paralysis
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ERB’S PARALYSIS
Lufukuja G.
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Fractures & nerves involved
G.LUFUKUJA
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