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LAB practical Bones This is a powerpoint that I made as an undergrad to study landmarks of the bones. It may be helpful for the Systemic Anatomy lab practical. Please contact me if you have any questions – Stephanie [email protected] Bone tissue •Osteon (rings) •Osteocytes (blue) •Lacunae (holes) •Canaliculi (red lines) •Lamellae (ring levels) •Haversian canal (central hole) Skull Optic canal Superior orbital fissure Sphenoid bone Squamous suture Coronal suture External auditory meatus Mastoid process Mandibular ramus Zygomatic process zygomatic bone Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Supraorbital foramen Temporal process Temporal bone Sagital suture Infraorbital foramen Parietal bones Maxilla bone Fronal bone Parietal bone Temporal bone Ethmoid boid Middle nasal concha Perpendicular plate frontal bone mandible mental foramen Inferior nasal concha Sphenoid-lesser wing Sphenoid-greater wing Stella turcica Cribform plate Optic canal Foraman lacerum Foraman ovale Foraman spinosium jugular foramen (rt side) Foraman rotundum Crista galli Vomer Mandibular fossa (joint) Maxilla(palatine process) Palatine bone (horiz. Plate) Incisive fossa Intraorbital foramen Maxilla Foramen ovale Occiptal condyle Occipital bone foramen magnum External occiptial protuberance MANDIBLE Body Angle Coronoid process Mandibular condyle BABY SKULL Anterior fontanel Posterior fontanel (BACK) Sphenoidal (anterolateral fontanel) Mastoid (posterolateral fontanel) MALLLEUS INCUS STAPES Sinus Frontal sinus Ethmoidal sinus(not shown infront of the sphenoidal sinus) Sphenoidal sinus Maxillary sinus SPINE Cervical (C1-C7) Thoracic(T1-T12) Lumbar (L1-L5) 24 individual Cervical • bifid spinous process •Transverse foramen Thoracic Vertebrae •Spinous process •Rib facet •Demifacet Lumbar vertebrae •Large body •Stout spinous process All vertebrae •Body •Vertebral foramen •Spinous process (prot. From back) •Transverse process(Prot. from side) •Lamina(bridge bet. Spino. And trans) •Pedicle(bridge bet. Body and trans) •Vertebral notch •Superior artcular process •Inferior articular process Sacrum(5) •Dorsal sacral foramen •Ala •sacral canal • sacral hiatus •Sacral promontory •Ventral sacral foramen •Coccyx Pectoral Girdle Scapula •Acromion process •Coracoid process •Glenoid caity •spine •Supraspinous fossa •Infraspinous fossa •SubscapularFossa •Medial (vert) border •Later (aux) border •Superior angle •Inferior angle •Infraglenoid tubercle UPPER EXTREMITY –ARM •Head •Greater tubercle •Lesser tubercle •Lateral epicondyle •Coronoid fossa •Olercranon fossa •Trochlea •Capitulum •Interbubercular groov e •Deltoid tubersoity(outside) •radial grove (on back side) •Lateral supracondylar ridge •Medial epicondyle Forearm -radius & ulna RADIUS -shorter •Head •Radial tuberosity •Styloid process Ulna •Olecranon process •Trochlear notch(on inside where bones connect) •Coronoid process(bottom of joint) •Ulnar tuberosity •Styloid process Metacarpals Phalanges •Proximal phalanges •Middle phalanges •Distal phalanges CARPAL BONES •Scaphoid •Lunate •Triquetrum •Pisiform (other side) •Trapezium •Trapezoid •Capitate •Hamate PELVIC GIRDLE PELVIC GIRDLE –coxal bone (2) Os Coxae Ilium Pubis •Iliac crest •Superior ramus •Anterior superior iliac spine •Inferior ramus •Anterior inferior I.S. •Pubic tubercle (ridge to crest) Ischium •Ischial tuberosity •Ischial spine •Pubic symphysis (cartilage in cent.) •Lesser sciatic notch •Ramus •Iliac fossa •Obturator foramen •Greater sciatic notch •Acetabulum •Posterior superior I.S. •Posterior inferior I.S. FEMUR •Head •Fovea capitis •Neck •Greater trochanter •Lesser trochanter •Gluteal tuberosity •Linea aspera •Adductor tubercle •Medial epicondyle •Lateral epicondyle •Medial condyle •Lateral condyle Patella Tibia & fibia Tibia •Medial condyle •Lateral condyle •Tibial tuberosity •Anterior crest(border) •Medial malleolus Fibia •Head • lateral malleolus Foot Phalanges •Proximal phalanges •Middle phalanges •Distal phalanges Tarsal bones •Talus •Calcaneus •Navicular •Medial cuneiform •Intermediate cuneiform •Lateral cuneiform •Cuboid Metatarsals Vert. column curvatures Missing items •Cervical curv. •Concave •Thoracic curv. Bony Thorax: •Convex Ribs •Lumbar curv. •Head –attachment to spine •Concave •Tubercle –bump near head •Sacral curv. •Costal grove –inside lower grove •convex •Costal cartilage –cartilage attachment to sternum Atlas: (yes) •Types •True (1-7) •1st cervical vert. •False (8-12) •Lacks a body •Vertebrochondral (8-10) Axis: (no) •Floating (11 &12) •2nd cervical vert. Sternum •Odontoid process (dens) •Manubrium –top heart Hyoid bone •Jugular (suprasternal notch) –center top notch •Body- center •Clavicluar notches –notches to the side of the center notch •Lesser horns smaller •Sternal angle –angle between ‘heart’ and middle bone •Greater horns – larger attach to spine •Body (gladiolus) –middle bone •Xiphoid process – small bottom bone Lambdoidal suture -back of skull with ocipital and parietal bones