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The Digestive and Excretory Systems 2/16/11 The Digestive System Structure • The digestive system is made of many different organs including; the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, and the large intestine. The Mouth • The mouth is the beginning of the digestive system. • Teeth grind food into small pieces • Saliva in your mouth begins the breakdown of food The Stomach • Your esophagus passes the food to your stomach • Involuntary muscles make waves to mix the food • Gastric juices including acids and enzymes break down food. – Enzymes- a chemical that breaks down food The Small Intestine • Digests and absorbs nutrients from food • Intestinal juices and chemicals break down food even more. • Very small pieces are absorbed into the body and used by your cells. The Large Intestine • The final passage of food through the body. • Absorbs remaining water from your food. • May produce some vitamins. • Forms and gets rid of the bodies feces. The Liver and Gall Bladder • Produces chemicals to use in the small intestine • Stores sugars, vitamins, and minerals. • Removes old blood cells and bacteria. • The gall bladder stores and releases the chemicals to the small intestine The Pancreas • Produces chemicals that are used by the small intestine to break down food Putting It All Together • Important for the body to receive nutrients. • The organs work together to break down different parts of food and absorb those parts to be used by the bodies tissues. Excretory System Structure • The organs of the excretory system include the the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder, and the urethra. The Kidneys • Filter the blood to remove wastes • Returns water and some chemicals to the body • Blood is filtered in a nephron • Remaining wastes called urine The Bladder • Urine passed to the bladder through the Ureter • Bladder holds the urine. • Urine is released through the urethra Putting It All Together • The excretory system functions to help clean the blood and to help the body maintain water. • It also removes wastes through the production of urine.