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Networking
Presented By:
Ken Gutierrez
Fred Hadley
Overview
What Is Networking?
How It Works
Ways To Connect
Types Of Networks
Network Topologies
Networking Software
What is Networking?
Definition

Two or more computers connected in order to
share data and resources.
Files
Peripherals (External) Devices
Why A Network?
Simultaneous Access
Share Peripheral Devices
Personal Communication
Easier Backup
Share Internet Connection
Simultaneous Access
In organizations, many people may need to use
the same data or programs.
Shared data and programs can be stored on a
central network server.

Server that stores data files is a file server.
Managers may assign access rights to users.


Read data only.
Make changes to existing files.
Play Multi-Computer Games
Share Peripheral Devices
Peripheral (external) devices are expensive.

Cost-effective to share
Printers
Scanners
Internet Connection
Spooling



Send Multiple Documents (Print Jobs)
Temporarily Stored On Server
Printed In Turn
Send Output Of A Device To Other Computers
Personal Communication
Email
Exchange Over LAN or Internet
Other Popular Network-Based Communications
Systems


Teleconferencing
Videoconferencing
Easier Backup
Enables managers to back up important
data.
Administrators commonly back up shared
data files stored on the server, but may
also use the network to back up files on
users’ PCs.
How It Works
Ways To Connect
Ethernet
Wireless
Power Lines
Phone Lines
Walking Diskettes Back & Forth
Ethernet Network Hardware
2 Or More Network Interface Cards (NIC)
Cables
Routers
Bridges
Hubs
Ethernet Hardware Pictures
How Ethernet Networking Works
Ethernet Pros & Cons
Advantages
Fastest Technology
Inexpensive If PCs Are
Close To One Another
Extremely Reliable
Easy To Maintain After
Setup
Virtually Unlimited
Number Of Devices Can
Be Connected
Great Deal Of Tech
Support & Information
Available
Disadvantages
Additional Equipment
Needed If More Than 2
PCs
Expensive If Wiring &
Jacks Need To Be
Installed
Setup & Configuration
Can Be Difficult
Technical Jargon &
Number Of Options Can
Be Confusing
Power Line Network Hardware
Electrical Outlet
Power Line Technology

Intellon
PowerPacket

Intelogis
Passport

Wall Outlet
Power Line Hardware Pictures
How Power Line Networking Works
Intellon

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Available Frequencies Split Into 84 Carriers
Send Packets Simultaneously
Noise Or Power Surge
Intelogis

Frequency Shift Keying
Uses 2 Frequencies: One For 1s & One For 0s
Anything Infringes Frequency Disrupts Data Flow
Power Line Pros & Cons
Advantages
No New Wires
Inexpensive
Several Outlets In Every Room
Easy Installation
Printer Can Be Physically
Elsewhere
Doesn’t Require A Card To Be
Installed In PC
Disadvantages
Slower Connection
Home Power Usage Affects
Performance
Limits Features Of Printer
Only Windows-Based PC
Uses Large Wall Devices To
Access Outlets
Only Uses 110V Lines
Data Must Be Encrypted For A
Secure Network
Older Wiring Can Affect
Performance
Phone Line Network Hardware
Phone Jacks
Telephone Cords
HomePNA Hardware
Phone Line Hardware Pictures
How Phone Line Networking Works
HomePNA Uses Frequency Division Multiplexing


PC Data Divided On Separate Frequencies
FDM Separates Extra Signal Space On Phone Line
Into Distinct Channels By Splitting It Into Uniform
Chunks Of Bandwidth
Like Radio Stations
Phone Line Pros & Cons
Advantages
Easy Installation
Inexpensive
Standardized
Reliable
Operates At Constant 10 Mbps

(Even With Phone Use)
No Additional Network Equipment
Supports Up To 25 Devices
Fast For Bandwidth-Intensive Apps
Compatible With Other Networking
Technologies
Works On MACs & Older Systems
Disadvantages
Phone Jacks Close To PC
May Have To Run Phone
Extension Cords
May Have To Install New Wiring
Physical Limit Of 1000 Feet Of
Wiring Between Devices
Wireless Network Hardware
Wireless Card
Router
Access Point
Wireless Hardware Pictures
How Wireless Networking Works
IEEE 802.11
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum

DSSS
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum

FHSS
HomeRF
Shared Wireless Protocol

SWAP
Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance

WECA
Wireless Fidelity

Wi-Fi
Wireless Pros & Cons (SWAP)
Advantages
Inexpensive
Easy Installation
No Additional Wires
No Access Point
Allows Up To 127
Devices
Allows Multiple Networks
In Same Location
Can Use Data Encryption
To Increase Security
Disadvantages
Not Very Fast

1 Mbps
Limited Range

75 to 125 Feet
Not Compatible With
FHSS Devices
Difficult To Integrate Into
Existing Wired Networks
Wireless Pros & Cons (WIFI)
Advantages
Fast

11 Mbps
Reliable
Long Range

1000 Feet
Easily Integrated Into
Existing Wired-Ethernet
Networks
Compatible With Original
802.11 DSSS Devices
Disadvantages
Expensive
Can Be Difficult To Setup
Speed Can Fluctuate
Significantly
Types Of Networks
Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Peer To Peer
Client/Server
Network Topologies
Bus

All devices are connected to a central cable, called the bus or
backbone.
Star

All devices are connected to a central hub. Nodes communicate across
the network by passing data through the hub.
Ring

All devices are connected directly to two other devices, one on either
side of the other, in the shape of a closed loop, or ring.
Mesh

Devices are interconnected to every other node in the network.
Tree

A hybrid topology. Groups of star-configured networks are connected to
a linear bus backbone.
Bus Topology
Star Topology
Ring Topology
Mesh Topology
Tree Topology
Networking Software
Microsoft
Solaris
Novell
Summary
What Is Networking?
How It Works
Ways To Connect
Types Of Networks
Network Topologies
Networking Software
Sources
How Stuff Works

computer.howstuffworks.com
Questions