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The Early Ages – Era 1
The Beginnings of Human
Society
Time Dating and
Components of Culture
Lesson 1-1
Time Dating
• B.C. – events Before Christ
• B.C.E – events Before Common Era
• A.D. – events After Christ
• C.E. – events of the Common Era
Time Dating
• A century is 100 years.
• A decade is 10 years.
• Prehistoric or prehistory – a time before
written records were kept (before 4000
BC)
• Historic or history – a point in time when
history was written down (after 4000 BC)
Time Dating
• There is no year zero with time dating, so
the year AD 1 immediately follows the
year 1 BC.
• Traditionally, the time date B.C. follows
the year. (ex: 1300 BC or 1300 B.C.)
• The time date A.D. precedes the date. (ex:
A.D. 1300 or AD 1300)
Time Dating
• Circa is a Latin term which means “in
approximately”
• It is sometimes abbreviated as “c” or “ca”
– c 1300 BC
– ca 1300 BC
– circa 1300 BC
• When used in date ranges, a circa is applied
before each approximate date, while dates
without a circa immediately preceding them are
generally assumed to be known with certainty.
Time Dating
• The Sumerians were the first known
group to use a dating system beginning in
c3400 BC.
• Later civilizations all had some form of
time dating.
• The dating system we used today can be
credited to the Romans and Julius
Caesar.
Time Dating
• Finding out which year is in which century
can be tricky. The easiest way to decide
is to cover the last two numbers and add
one.
– 1459 is in the 15th century
– 1997 is in the _____ century
– 1776 is in the _____ century
– 1899 is in the _____ century
What is Culture?
• Culture can be defined as one’s way of
life which includes a vast array of
behaviors and beliefs.
What is Culture?
• Language – spoken communication
– Most spoken:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Chinese
English
Spanish
Arabic
Hindi (India)
Portuguese
What is Culture?
• Common Values – values or beliefs held
in high regard
– The accepted practice of a community
• Respect
• Compassion
• Responsibility
What is Culture?
• Traditions – beliefs or customs handed
down from one generation to the next
– Holidays or celebrations
– Marriages
– Death
What is Culture?
• Government – a system used to make
laws and decisions (to keep order)
– Monarchy – absolute rule
– Democracy
– Republic
– Theocracy
What is Culture?
• Art – decorative elements
• Literature – written communication
• Lifestyles – typical ways of life
What is Culture?
• Religion – belief system
– Christianity
– Islam
– Judaism
– Hinduism
– Buddhism