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Muscles of the Head • Two groups – Muscles of facial expression – Muscles of mastication and tongue movement © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Muscles of Facial Expression • Insert into skin • Important in nonverbal communication • All innervated by cranial nerve VII (facial nerve) © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Muscles of Facial Expression: The Scalp • Epicranius (occipitofrontalis) – Bipartite muscle consisting of • Galea aponeurotica—cranial aponeurosis connecting two bellys • Frontal belly; occipital belly – Have alternate actions; pull scalp forward and backward © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Muscles of Facial Expression: The Face • Corrugator supercilii • Zygomaticus • Risorius • Levator labii superioris • Depressor labii inferioris © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. • Depressor anguli oris • Orbicularis oris • Mentalis • Buccinator • Platysma Figure 10.7b Lateral view of muscles of the scalp, face, and neck. Epicranial aponeurosis Corrugator supercilii Orbicularis oculi Levator labii superioris Zygomaticus minor and major Buccinator Risorius Orbicularis oris Mentalis Depressor labii inferioris Depressor anguli oris Platysma © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Frontal belly Occipital belly Temporalis Epicranius Masseter Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Splenius capitis Muscles of Mastication • Four pairs involved in mastication; all innervated by cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve) – Prime movers of jaw closure • Temporalis and masseter – Chewing role - holds food between teeth • Buccinator © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.8a Muscles promoting mastication and tongue movements. Temporalis Orbicularis oris Buccinator © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Masseters Muscles of Mastication and Tongue Movement PLAY A&P Flix™: Temporalis PLAY A&P Flix™: Masseter PLAY A&P Flix™: Buccinator © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Muscles of Tongue Movement • Three muscles anchor and move tongue – Genioglossus – Hyoglossus – Styloglossus • All innervated by cranial nerve XII hypoglossal nerve © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.8c Muscles promoting mastication and tongue movements. Tongue Styloid process Styloglossus Genioglossus Hyoglossus Mandibular symphysis Stylohyoid Geniohyoid Thyroid cartilage © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Hyoid bone Thyrohyoid Infrahyoid Muscles of the Anterior Neck and Throat PLAY Animation: Rotating head PLAY Animation: Rotating face © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column • Two functional groups – Muscles that move head – Muscles that extend trunk and maintain posture © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column: Head Movement • Sternocleidomastoid—major head flexor • Sternocleidomastoid -- lateral head movements • Splenius capitis - head extension, rotation, and lateral bending • Semispinalis capitis—synergist with sternocleidomastoid © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.10a Muscles of the neck and vertebral column that move the head and trunk. 1st cervical vertebra Sternocleidomastoid Anterior © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Base of occipital bone Mastoid process Figure 10.10b Muscles of the neck and vertebral column that move the head and trunk. Mastoid process Splenius capitis Spinous processes of the vertebrae Splenius cervicis Posterior © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.10c Muscles of the neck and vertebral column that move the head and trunk. Platysma (cut) Sternocleidomastoid (cut) Internal jugular vein Omohyoid Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Sternocleidomastoid Pectoralis major © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column: Head Movement PLAY A&P Flix™: Splenius capitis PLAY A&P Flix™: Semispinalis capitis © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.10d Muscles of the neck and vertebral column that move the head and trunk. Mastoid process of temporal bone Longissimus capitis Iliocostalis cervicis Longissimus cervicis Iliocostalis thoracis Ligamentum nuchae Semispinalis capitis Semispinalis cervicis Semispinalis thoracis Longissimus thoracis Spinalis thoracis Iliocostalis Erector Longissimus spinae Spinalis Iliocostalis lumborum External oblique © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Multifidus Quadratus lumborum