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The Roots of Juvenile
Delinquency
Poverty and Economics
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Family Poverty In California
• Federal Poverty Level for a family of four = $23,000
• 16% of California Families fall under this definition of poverty
• Adding cost of living differences – California’s poverty exceeds 23%
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California Poverty and Government Programs
• Map of Poverty in California by County
• Impact of government programs on poverty
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Impact of Poverty on Children
• More health problems
• Less likely to enter school ready to learn
• Less likely to graduate from high school
• More likely to be involved in the juvenile and criminal justice systems
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Causes of Poverty
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Lack of employment
Inadequate wages
High cost of living
Inadequate housing
Limited transportation
Limited educational opportunities
Limited access to child care
Inadequate social safety net
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Social Class
A group of individuals or families who occupy a similar
position in the economic system of production, distribution
and consumption of goods and services.
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Significance of Social Class
• Typically defined by occupation
• Determines income and wealth
• Determines social status, upward
mobility, job stability etc.…
• Determines an individuals place
within the social hierarchy
• Impacts children’s life opportunities
and upward mobility
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Adam Smith: Wealth of
Nations
‘Wherever there is great property,
there is great inequality. For one
rich man, there must be at least
five hundred poor, and the
affluence of the rich supposes the
indigence of the many’
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Economics and Income Inequality
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Means of production in the hands of the few
(factories, land, buildings, money)
Goal is to produce surplus (profit)
Profit margins are higher if salaries are kept low
Executives and owners strive to keep salaries
low to increase profits
Increase profits creates wealth
When profits are not shared among producers
(workers), wealth becomes concentrated
among the few at the top
Concentration of wealth and obsessive drive for
profit leads to worker exploitation and
accelerated income inequality
40 Boardman Place
San Francisco, CA 94103
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© Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
40 Boardman Place
San Francisco, CA 94103
www.cjcj.org
© Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
40 Boardman Place
San Francisco, CA 94103
www.cjcj.org
© Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
40 Boardman Place
San Francisco, CA 94103
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© Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Changes in the economy of the decline of high wage
manufacturing jobs
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Major Changes in the U.S. Economy
 Technological
 globalization of the economy
 movement of capital (capital flight)
 shift from manufacturing to information and
services (from high wage to low)
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Regulating Income Inequality
• Government Policy
• Labor Unions/Collective Bargaining
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Disproportionate Impact of Income Inequality on Communities of
Color: The African American Example
• African Americans employed in manufacturing after World War II (auto, steel,
rubber, chemical)
 Unemployment rate in1953: Whites = 4.6% African Americans = 8.5
 Unemployment rate in 1964 Whites = 5.9% African Americans = 12.4%
• Movement of manufacturing jobs to suburbs leaving Black population in
urban settings
Jeremy Rifkin End of Work
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© Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Poverty Rates
• Approximately 14% of Americans live under the official poverty level
• Poverty rate for African Americans is 25% in total and 35% for those under 18
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Family Structure and Poverty
National Center for Fathering
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Other impacts of poverty
• Social isolation
• Segregation
• Destabilized families
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Poverty and Juvenile Justice
Sturdy Beggars
Pauper classes
Dangerous classes
Undeserving Poor
Under Class
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Poverty by Race/Ethnicity
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Poverty and Delinquency
• Public assistance economy
• Illegal economy
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Crime and Poverty
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