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Principle and characteristics of electrolyzed acid water Principle of electrolyzed acid water The principle of producing electrolyzed acid water is shown in the diagram below. Anode and cathode plates are divided by a membrane. Water added with sodium chloride as electrolysis accelerator is supplied to the electrolysis tank of these anode and cathode chambers. 1 Principle of acid water production Titanium plated with platinum is used generally for electrodes, and a cation exchanging membrane is used for the separating membrane. Almost all the chargetransfer is performed by the transfer of cation from the anode chamber to the cathode chamber. Therefore, there is no reversal transfer of OH-ion which prevents pH of acid water from lowering. The ion exchanging membrane is a fine membrane, which will not make mixture of gas from the anode and cathode. 2 Sterilization mechanism and characteristics of electrolytic acid water The oxidation-reduction potential, pH and residual chlorine of electrolyzed acid water are correlated one another, and do not change as independent variables. Therefore, the sterilization mechanism is by a synergistic effect created by oxidation of hypochlorous acid in addition to pH and oxidation-reduction potential, which makes the membrane potentials of organelles exceed the stabilizing limit and inhibits the energy metabolism and breathing, and all these work to kill micro-organisms synergistically. The biosphere of micro-organisms (bacteria and viruses) is pH 3 to 10 and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) +900 to -400 mV, while the electrolyzed acid water has the range of pH 2.7 or less and ORP 1000 mV or more where these micro-organisms difficult to survive, and further the disinfecting effect is strengthened by the residual chlorine to decompose fat and protein of cell membrane. In spite of its strong acidity, the electrolyzed acid water rarely shows adverse effect to the human skin and mucosa, unlike hydrochloric acid and other solutions in the same acidity. It is considered very safe, because it loses acidity immediately without supply of hydrogen ion, even when oxidized. 3 How to attack bacteria Glutaraldehyde Surfactant EAW / per acetic acid Showa University Hospital 4 Characteristics of electrolyzed acid water (EAW) Advantage: • Strong disinfection power (if EAW is used in good control) • Wide antimicrobial spectrum • No toxic and irritation • Short disinfection time • Very low running cost Disadvantage: • Very short life • Strong dependency on protein, organics • Performance required for endoscope disinfection Requirements Disinfection power Toxicity Length of life of disinfectant Short infection time Wide animicrobial spectrum o = Good, = Fair, x = Not good EAW o o x o o Glutaraldehyde 9 x o x 9 5 Solution of EAW's disadvantage by Cleantop • Not allow to only soak in EAW (EAW circulates in disinfection vessel like washing machine) • Continue to supply refreshed EAW (while disinfection and standby, Cleantop refreshes EAW by flowing maintenance current in electrolysis chamber) • Cleantop monitors pH, ORP and residual chlorine content with test paper. (If ORP reduces lower than 1000 mV, the device stops automatically and announces operators to change the water.) Disinfection control system by Cleantop WM-S • After 20 cycles disinfection, machine stops and drains automatically. Each disinfection is counted. • Monitor circulation of EAW through channels of endoscope as well as in the disinfection bath. • Monitor pH and ORP, to check EAW's specification • Flow maintenance current all the time to refresh EAW • Catch bacterium from tap water for rinsing water • Acid water and alkaline water is neutralized when EAW is drained Difference between CLEANTOP WM-1 and WM-S WM-1 < 2,7 >1000 mV 5 ppm 10 cycles 7 minutes by test paper by test paper WM-S < 2,7 >1000 mV 10 ppm 20 cycles 3 minutes automatic by test paper 6