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COMPUTER It is an electronic device which is capable of receiving information (input data) in a particular form and of performing operations in accordance with instructions (program) to produce a result or output in the form of information or signals with the help of processing unit. Block Diagram Of Computer Input Processing Output Input Process Output • Input is anything we wish to embed in a system for some type of use. A variety of sources are used to input: keyboard, scanner, microphone, mouse • It is the act of taking input data and converting it to something usable. In internal part of computer processed according to input data and we can have usable output Output is a result which can obtained after process on input data. . A variety of sources are used to output monitor or printer for visual work, a speaker for audio INPUT DEVISES OUTPUT DEVICES Characteristics of Computer SPEED ACCURACY STORAGE DILIGENCE VERSATILITY POWER OF REMEMBERING NO IQ NO FEELING MEMORY • . Memory is internal storage media of computer .Memory majorly categorized into two types, Main memory and Secondary memory. • 1. Primary Memory / Volatile Memory. • 2. Secondary Memory / Non Volatile Memory. • 3.Cache Memory Primary Memory Primary Memory also called as volatile memory because the memory can’t store the data permanently. Primary memory select any part of memory when user want to save the data in memory but that may not be store permanently on that location. CACHE MEMORY Secondary Memory Cache memory is a very Secondary memory is high speed semiconductor external and memory which can speed permanent memory that is up CPU. It acts as a buffer useful to store the external between the CPU and storage media .The main main memory. It is used secondary memory devices to hold those parts of are hard disk , optical disk , data and program which floppy disk etc. are most frequently used by CPU. EXAMPLE OF PRIMARY MEMORY RAM ROM PROM Random Access Memory is used for primary storage in computers to hold active information of data and instructions. Read Only Memory is used to store the instructions provided by the manufacturer, which holds the instructions to check basic hardware and to load operating system from appropriate storage device. Programmable Read Only Memory: We cannot edit or modify data in the ROM. To overcome this problem to some extent PROM is very helpful that is in PROM we can store our programs in PROM chip. EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory : EPROM will overcome the problem of PROM. E chip can be programmed again by erasing the information stored earlier in it. can be re-programmed the program using a special programming facility EEPROM. CHARACTERSTICS OF MEMORY Primary Memory (RAM) Primary Memory • These are semiconductor memories • It is known as main memory. • Usually volatile memory. • Data is lost in case power is switched off. • It is working memory of the computer. • Faster than secondary memories. • A computer cannot run without primary memory • • • • These are magnetic and optical memories It is known as backup memory. It is non-volatile memory. Data is permanently stored even if power is switched off. • It is used for storage of data in a computer. • Computer may run without secondary memory. • Slower than primary memories. DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER STORAGE