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Stoichiometry
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Table of Contents
‘Stoichiometry’
Balancing Chemical Equations
Avogadro’s Number
Molar Mass
Mole Island Diagram
Limiting Reactants
Generic Stoichiometry
Combustion Reactions
Synthesis Reactions
Single Replacement Reactions
Activity Series
Double Replacement Reactions
Air Bag Design
Water from a Camel
Rocket Fuel
Water in Space
Excess Reactant
Classes of Reactions
Stoichiometry
You should understand
Moles, mass, representative particles (atoms, molecules, formula
units), molar mass, and Avogadro’s number.
The percent composition of an element in a compound.
Balanced chemical equations: for example, for a given mass of a
reactant, calculate the amount of produced.
Limiting reactants: calculate the amount of product formed when
given the amounts of all the reactants present.
The percent yield of a reaction.
Reactions in solution: given the molarity and the volume of the reactants,
calculate the amount of product produced or the amount of reactant
required to react.
Molarity; preparation of solutions.
Some common collections and the
numbers of items in them.
Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 179
CH4 + 2 O2  CO2 + 2 H2O
Reactants
1 C atom
4 H atoms
4 O atoms
Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 167
Products
1 C atom
4 H atoms
4 O atoms
Reactants  Products
Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 164
Unbalanced
Unbalanced and Balanced Equations
H
Cl
Cl
H
H
H
H
Cl
H2 + Cl2  HCl (unbalanced)
reactants
H
Cl
2
2
H
H
Cl
Cl
Cl
H2 + Cl2  2 HCl (balanced)
reactants
products
1
1
Cl
H
Cl
2
2
products
2
2
Meaning of Chemical Formula
Chemical
Symbol
Meaning
Composition
H2O
One molecule
of water:
Two H atoms and one O atom
2 H2O
Two molecules
of water:
Four H atoms and two O atoms
One molecule
of hydrogen
peroxide:
Two H atoms and two O atoms
H 2 O2