Download Pharmacology Review #2

Drugs Used to Affect the
Nervous System
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Central Nervous System
Medications
Analgesics and antagonists
Anesthetics
Anti-anxiety and sedative-hypnotic
drugs
Antiseizure or anti-epileptic drugs
Central nervous system stimulants
Psychotherapeutic medications
Parkinson’s medications
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Autonomic Nervous System
Medications (1 of 2)
Drugs affecting the parasympathetic
system:
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Cholinergics
Anticholinergics
Ganglionic blocking agents
Neuromuscular blocking agents
Ganglionic stimulating agents
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Autonomic Nervous System
Medications (2 of 2)
Drugs affecting the sympathetic
system:
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Adrenergic receptors
Adrenergic agonists
Adrenergic antagonists
Skeletal muscle relaxants
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Physiology of an Adrenergic
Synapse
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Classifications of
Cardiovascular Drugs (1 of 2)
Antidysrhythmics
– Used to treat and prevent abnormal
cardiac rhythms
Antihypertensives
– Used to treat hypertension
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Classifications of
Cardiovascular Drugs (2 of 2)
Hemostatic agents
– Used to stop bleeding
Antihyperlipidemic agents
– Used to treat high cholesterol
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Antidysrhythmics
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Antihypertensives
Diuretics
Adrenergic inhibiting agents
Angiotensin converting enzyme
inhibitors
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
Calcium channel blockers
Direct vasodilators
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Drugs Used to Affect the
Respiratory System
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Anti-Asthmatic Medications
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Drugs Used to Treat Emesis
Antiemetics
– Medication used to prevent vomiting
Serotonin antagonists
– Zofran
Dopamine antagonists
– Compazine, Phenergan, Inapsine,
Reglan
Cannabinoids
– Marinol, Cesamet
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Drugs Used to Affect the
Endocrine System
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Drugs Affecting the Pancreas
Diabetes mellitus is the most important
disease involving the pancreas.
– Insulin
A substance that decreases blood glucose
level
– Glucagon
A substance that increases blood glucose
level
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Oral Hypoglycemics
Orinase (chlorpropamide)
Glucotrol (glipizide)
Micronase (glyburide)
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Hyperglycemic Agents
D50W is a sugar solution given
intravenously for acute hypoglycemia.
Glucagon is indicated for emergency
treatment when an IV is unobtainable.
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Drugs Affecting Sexual
Behavior
L-dopa (Levodopa) has demonstrated
increased libido as a side effect.
Vardenafil (Levitra)
Tadalafil (Cialis)
Sildenafil (Viagra)
If you treat a patient with chest pain
who has taken Viagra recently, do NOT
give nitroglycerin or any other nitrate.
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Drugs Used to Treat Cancer
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Drugs Used to Treat Cancer
Drugs used to treat cancer are called
antineoplastic agents.
Examples include:
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Fluorouracil (Adrucil)
Mechlorethamine (Mustargen)
Vinblastine (Velban)
Vincristine (Oncovin)
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Drugs Used to Treat Infectious
Diseases and Inflammation
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Drugs Used to Treat Infectious
Diseases and Inflammation (1 of 3)
Antibiotics
– An antibiotic agent may either kill the
offending bacteria or so decrease the
bacteria’s growth that the patient’s
immune system can effectively fight the
infection.
Antifungal agents
– Fungi are parasitic microorganisms that
cannot synthesize their own food.
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Drugs Used to Treat Infectious
Diseases and Inflammation (2 of 3)
Antimicrobial and antiparasitic drugs.
– Although most diseases treated with
these drugs are uncommon in
developed countries, they are leading
causes of death in third-world countries.
Diseases include malaria, leprosy, and
helminthiasis.
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care Principles & Practice Volume 1: Introduction
© 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ