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Egyptian Civilization and Judaism Answers to Worksheet Judaism Notes Who were 3 important Egyptian Gods? Name 1. 2. 3. Egyptian God’s Power Who were 3 important Egyptian Gods? Name Egyptian God’s Power 1. Amon-Re Lord of the gods, Re was the Sun god 2. 3. Who were 3 important Egyptian Gods? Name Egyptian God’s Power 1. Amon-Re Lord of the gods, Re was the Sun god 2.Osiris God of the dead and judge of souls seeking the afterlife 3. Who were 3 important Egyptian Gods? Name Egyptian God’s Power 1. Amon-Re Lord of the gods, Re was the Sun god 2.Osiris God of the dead and judge of souls seeking the afterlife 3.Isis Wife of Osiris, appealed to women— believed she first taught women to do care for the home and family --Also promised the faithful that they would have an afterlife Book of the Dead Told people how to survive journey to the underworld Contained spells, charms, and formulas for dead to use in afterlife Mummification Process Extract brain through nostrils and remove internal organs Fill body cavity with linen and drying powder 1. 2. ◦ 3. Sprinkled spices on body and rubbed mixture to keep skin moist Wrapped body in strips of linens Process took months to complete and lots of $$$ Why were people mummified? To preserve the dead for the afterlife, they were buried with everything they needed for eternity ◦ Organs were stored in jars and buried with dead Who was King Tutankhamen? King Tut Tomb discovered in 1922 18 years old at death Solid gold coffin Why is he important to history? Provides us with ideas of how other Pharaohs were buried True/False 1. 2. 3. FALSE—Most were farmers True False, they were not allowed to do those things! However, they did have significant amounts of independence and privilege compared to other civilizations Hieroglyphics 1. 2. 3. Meaning: Fox skins tied together Meaning: Stone Jug Meaning: Roll of Papyrus Rosetta Stone Flat, black rock used by a historian to translate hieroglyphics Same phrase written on stone in hieroglyphics, demotic script, and Greek Allows us to figure out what different hieroglyphs mean! 3 advances in learning made by ancient Egyptians: Kept written records Furthered science: mummification, diagnosing illness, learning about human body, finding cures to diseases Developed mathematics (in response to flooding on fields) 1. 2. 3. ◦ Developed geometry to survey land and calculate size and location of stones in pyramid construction Sphinx It was probably built by builders hired by Pharaoh Khafre or his father. A Sphinx is the head of a human with a body of a lion. It can be found on the Giza Plateau (west bank of the Nile in Giza, Egypt) It was created between 2575-2465 BC It was created to honor Khafre (it has his face) Tale of Sinuhe This is a folk tale that tells us how Egyptians viewed themselves and surrounding people groups in the desert during ancient times. Judaism Monotheistic: belief in only one god Belief of the ancient Israelites (Hebrews) All-knowing, allpowerful god who was present everywhere History and faith were interconnected Torah Sacred text First five books of the Hebrew Bible ◦ Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy Talmud is another important book (separate from Torah) ◦ Contains additional laws and customs Ancient Israelites Abraham-lived near Ur (Mesopotamia) ◦ Family migrated to Canaan ◦ Father of Israelite people, descendents given “Promised land” Moses-renewed God’s covenant with Israelites ◦ Led enslaved Israelites out of Egypt David: Second king of Israel (12 tribes of Israel finally united) Solomon: David’s son, turned Jerusalem into impressive capital ◦ Negotiated with other powerful empires in Egypt and Mesopotamia and increased Israel’s influence Fallen to conquerors Independent for 200 years North fell to Assyrians in 722 BC South fell to Babylonians in 586 BC Persians freed Israelites in 539 BC and they lived under Persian rule Teachings Patriarchal society: men are leaders and heads of families Sabbath: Holy day of rest Prophets: Remind Jews of their duties Ethics: moral standards/behaviors— Social justice Leaders have to obey God’s laws World Contribution Judaism is a major world religion ◦ Contributed to religious thought ◦ Influenced Christianity and Islam ◦ Diaspora: Jewish people spread out over the world, shared traditions and beliefs around the world