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Judaism and Christianity Comparison Chart History & Stats Date founded Place founded Founder Adherents worldwide Christianity Judaism C. 30 AD Israel Jesus, Paul 2 billion c. 1300 BC Israel Abraham, Moses 14 million Religious Authority Sacred text Christianity Bible=Old Testament (Jewish Bible) + New Testament Status of biblical prophets Modern human authorities True prophets Pope (Catholics) Every Christian with help of the Holy Spirit (Protestant) Judaism Torah (first 5 books of the Old Testament) plus other scriptures making the Tanakh True prophets Rabbis Beliefs and Doctrine Ultimate reality Christianity One God, Jehovah, the God of Abraham Trinity: one God, three persons Son of God, savior of the world Through prophets and Jesus as recorded in the Bible “original sin” causing a tendency toward evil Faith in Jesus Heaven Nature of God Identity of Jesus Divine revelation Human nature Means of salvation Afterlife Judaism One God, Jehovah, the God of Abraham One God False prophet Through prophets as recorded in the Bible Two equal impulses, one good and one bad Belief in God, good deeds Heaven or no afterlife (varies)