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Chap 4
Consciousness: Sleep,
Dreams, Hypnosis, and
Drugs
Copyright © Pearson Education, 2009
Definitional and
Application Slides
2
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.1
All of the following are altered states of consciousness
EXCEPT:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Sleep
Drug use
Hypnosis
Waking consciousness
Meditation
3
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.1
All of the following are altered states of consciousness
EXCEPT:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Sleep
Drug use
Hypnosis
Waking consciousness (p. 137)
Meditation
4
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.2
Body temperature is affected by the circadian cycle in
which way?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Body temperature increases at night.
Body temperature decreases at night.
Body temperature remains stable throughout the day.
Body temperature decreases when the body is at its
highest level of alertness.
Body temperature is lowest in mid-afternoon,
explaining why people often experience sleepiness
during this time of day.
5
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.2
Body temperature is affected by the circadian cycle in
which way?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Body temperature increases at night.
Body temperature decreases at night. (p. 138)
Body temperature remains stable throughout the day.
Body temperature decreases when the body is at its
highest level of alertness.
Body temperature is lowest in mid-afternoon,
explaining why people often experience sleepiness
during this time of day.
6
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.2
What section of the brain instructs the pineal gland to
release melatonin as nighttime approaches and daylight
decreases?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Hippocampus
Thalamus
Endocrine system
Cerebellum
7
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.2
What section of the brain instructs the pineal gland to
release melatonin as nighttime approaches and daylight
decreases?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (p. 138)
Hippocampus
Thalamus
Endocrine system
Cerebellum
8
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.2
Prolonged sleep deprivation (e.g., longer than 24 hours)
can lead to all of the following EXCEPT:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Depression
Inattention
Irritability
Hyperactivity
Unnecessary risk-taking
9
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.2
Prolonged sleep deprivation (e.g., longer than 24 hours)
can lead to all of the following EXCEPT:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Depression
Inattention
Irritability
Hyperactivity (p. 139)
Unnecessary risk-taking
10
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.3
The stage of sleep that is characterized by sleep spindles,
or sudden bursts of electrical activity in the brain, is called:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Stage 1 sleep
Stage 2 sleep
Stage 3 sleep
Stage 4 sleep
REM sleep
11
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.3
The stage of sleep that is characterized by sleep spindles,
or sudden bursts of electrical activity in the brain, is called:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Stage 1 sleep
Stage 2 sleep (p. 143)
Stage 3 sleep
Stage 4 sleep
REM sleep
12
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.3
What stage of sleep is often associated with dreaming, and
during which the body enters a state of paralysis to prevent
a person from acting out on their dreams?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
REM sleep
13
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.3
What stage of sleep is often associated with dreaming, and
during which the body enters a state of paralysis to prevent
a person from acting out on their dreams?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
REM sleep (p. 144)
14
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.4
___________ is a sleep disorder in which a person slips
directly into REM sleep during the day and finds it difficult
to stay awake while performing activities, such as driving a
car.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Insomnia
Sleep apnea
REM behavior disorder
Narcolepsy
Night terrors
15
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.7
___________ is a sleep disorder in which a person slips
directly into REM sleep during the day and finds it difficult
to stay awake while performing activities, such as driving a
car.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Insomnia
Sleep apnea
REM behavior disorder
Narcolepsy (p. 148)
Night terrors
16
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.5
According to the ________________, a dream is the
brain’s attempt to make sense of, or provide an explanation
for, random signals emitted from the brainstem during
sleep.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
activation synthesis hypothesis
psychoanalytic theory
the activation-information-mode model (AIM)
adaptive theory
restorative theory
17
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.5
According to the ________________, a dream is the
brain’s attempt to make sense of, or provide an explanation
for, random signals emitted from the brainstem during
sleep.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
activation synthesis hypothesis (p. 150-151)
psychoanalytic theory
the activation-information-mode model (AIM)
adaptive theory
restorative theory
18
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.6
Which of the following is TRUE of hypnosis?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
It provides people with supernatural strength that they
would not have if not hypnotized.
It helps to recover reliable memories of past
experiences, and therefore is used among police
departments- for example, in cases of child abuse
reported years later by adults.
It can reduce the pain associated with surgery and
giving birth.
It helps people regress back to the childhood years.
It makes people commit immoral acts that they would
not normally.
19
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.6
Which of the following is TRUE of hypnosis?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
It provides people with supernatural strength that they
would not have if not hypnotized.
It helps to recover reliable memories of past
experiences, and therefore is used among police
departments- for example, in cases of child abuse
reported years later by adults.
It can reduce the pain associated with surgery and
giving birth. (p. 154 – Table 4.3)
It helps people regress back to the childhood years.
It makes people commit immoral acts that they would
not normally.
20
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.7
Psychological dependency on a drug occurs when:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a person becomes physically dependent on a drug,
and their body craves the drug.
a person develops tolerance and needs increased
dosages of the drug to achieve the initial effects that
the drug once had.
a person exhibits withdrawal symptoms when trying to
stop drug use.
the drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional
well-being.
a person has difficulty functioning normally without the
drug.
21
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.7
Psychological dependency on a drug occurs when:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a person becomes physically dependent on a drug,
and their body craves the drug.
a person develops tolerance and needs increased
dosages of the drug to achieve the initial effects that
the drug once had.
a person exhibits withdrawal symptoms when trying to
stop drug use.
the drug is needed to continue a feeling of
emotional well-being. (p. 157)
a person has difficulty functioning normally without the
drug.
22
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.8
Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause
psychosis, where a person starts becoming delusional (i.e.,
having false beliefs), and becomes paranoid?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Amphetamines
Nicotine
Barbiturates
Alcohol
Caffeine
23
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.8
Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause
psychosis, where a person starts becoming delusional (i.e.,
having false beliefs), and becomes paranoid?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Amphetamines (p. 158)
Nicotine
Barbiturates
Alcohol
Caffeine
24
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.8
Which of the following is NOT considered an effect of
alcohol at a blood alcohol level of .10 or less?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Feelings of well being are increased.
Judgment is impaired.
Inhibitions are lowered.
Severe motor disturbances are present.
Increased chance of collision when driving a car
25
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.8
Which of the following is NOT considered an effect of
alcohol at a blood alcohol level of .10 or less?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Feelings of well being are increased.
Judgment is impaired.
Inhibitions are lowered.
Severe motor disturbances are present. (p. 163 –
Table 4.5)
Increased chance of collision when driving a car
26
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.9
Narcotics, or pain killers, work by attaching to receptor sites
that are for the body’s natural painkiller substance,
_________, partially explaining why narcotics are so
addictive:
1.endorphins
2.serotonin
3.acetylcholine
4.THC
5.PCP
27
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.9
Narcotics, or pain killers, work by attaching to receptor sites
that are for the body’s natural painkiller substance,
_________, partially explaining why narcotics are so
addictive:
1.endorphins (p. 164)
2.serotonin
3.acetylcholine
4.THC
5.PCP
28
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.9
This drug is associated with its mind-altering ability to
enhance the senses, making colors seem brighter and
sounds more enhanced than they actually are in reality.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
LSD
Morphine
Heroin
Cocaine
Benzodiazpines
29
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.9
This drug is associated with its mind-altering ability to
enhance the senses, making colors seem brighter and
sounds more enhanced than they actually are in reality.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
LSD (p.165)
Morphine
Heroin
Cocaine
Benzodiazpines
30
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.9
All of the following are short or long-term effects of using
marijuana EXCEPT:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Immune system damage
Anxiety or panic attacks
Paranoia
Increase chance of developing asthma
Clearer thinking that allows for enhanced cognitive
abilities
31
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
LO 4.9
All of the following are short or long-term effects of using
marijuana EXCEPT:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Immune system damage
Anxiety or panic attacks
Paranoia
Increase chance of developing asthma
Clearer thinking that allows for enhanced cognitive
abilities (p. 166-167)
32
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
Critical Thinking & Student
Opinion Slides
33
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What is your experience?
In my life, I have had a dream about
being attacked or pursued.
A. True
B. False
34
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
What is your experience?
In my life, I have had a dream about
being attacked or pursued.
A. True
B. False
Larger sample: 77%
35
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
What is your experience?
In my life, I have had a dream about killing
someone.
A. True
B. False
36
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
What is your experience?
In my life, I have had a dream about killing
someone.
A. True
B. False
Larger sample: 26%
37
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
What is your experience?
In my life, I have had a dream about
arriving too late.
A. True
B. False
38
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
What is your experience?
In my life, I have had a dream about
arriving too late.
A. True
B. False
Larger sample: 64%
39
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What is your experience?
In my life, I have had a dream about failing
an exam.
A. True
B. False
40
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What is your experience?
In my life, I have had a dream about failing
an exam.
A. True
B. False
Larger sample: 39%
41
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What is your experience?
In my life, I have had a dream about sexual
experiences.
A. True
B. False
42
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What is your experience?
In my life, I have had a dream about sexual
experiences.
A. True
B. False
Larger sample: 66%
43
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
What is your experience?
In my life, I have had a dream about being
frozen with fright.
A. True
B. False
44
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What is your experience?
In my life, I have had a dream about being
frozen with fright.
A. True
B. False
Larger sample: 58%
45
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What is your experience?
In my life, I have had a dream about
finding money.
A. True
B. False
46
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
What is your experience?
In my life, I have had a dream about
finding money.
A. True
B. False
Larger sample: 56%
47
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What is your experience?
In my life, I have had a dream about
schools, teachers, and/or studying.
A. True
B. False
48
Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education
What is your experience?
In my life, I have had a dream about
schools, teachers, and/or studying.
A. True
B. False
Larger sample: 71%
49
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What is your experience?
In my life, I have had a dream about being
naked.
A. True
B. False
50
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What is your experience?
In my life, I have had a dream about being
naked.
A. True
B. False
Larger sample: 43%
51
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What is your experience?
In my life, I have had a dream about being
inappropriately dressed.
A. True
B. False
52
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What is your experience?
In my life, I have had a dream about being
inappropriately dressed.
A. True
B. False
Larger sample: 46%
53
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