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Thunderstorms and Lightening Thunderstorms • May attain 20 kilometers in the atmosphere • Can bring weather such as rain, damaging winds, lightening, thunder, hail, and tornadoes. • Often occur in the afternoon because surface warming throughout the day causes the air to be unstable. How Thunderstorms form • “Trigger” forces cause parts of the air to rise. Triggers can be a mountainside, a front standing in the way of unstable air, or air colliding with wind blowing in the opposite direction. • The rising wind reaches the condensation level and the heat released during condensation makes the air warmer and less dense then surrounding air. • A cumulonimbus cloud grows and a thunderstorm begins. Cumulonimbus -cloud is a low to middle level cloud with considerable vertical development that is tall, dense, and involved in thunderstorms and other inclement weather Vocabulary Thunderstorms- storms with lightning, thunder, rain, and sometimes hail. Squall Lines- Frontal thunderstorms often occur in lines hundreds of kilometers long along the frontal surface. They also can occur in lines ahead of the front these are called squall lines. Supercells- Are very large single- cell thunderstorms with particularly strong updrafts. Lightning- is a discharge of electricity from a thundercloud to the ground, to another cloud, or to another spot within the cloud itself. Tornado- A violently rotating column of air that usually touches the ground. LIGHTNING Lightning’s unpredictability increases the risk to individuals and property. Lightning often strikes outside of heavy rain and may occur as far as 10 miles away from any rainfall. “Heat lightning” is actually lightning from a thunderstorm too far away for thunder to be heard. However, the storm may be moving in your direction! Most lightning deaths and injuries occur when people are caught outdoors in the summer months during the afternoon and evening. Your chances of being struck by lightning are estimated to be 1 in 600,000, but could be reduced even further by following safety precautions. Lightning strike victims carry no electrical charge and should be attended to immediately. The dangerous side of thunderstORMS AND LIGHTNING Dry thunderstorms that do not produce rain that reaches the ground are most prevalent in the western United States. Falling raindrops evaporate, but lightning can still reach the ground and can start wildfires. MORE DANGEROUS FACTS In the United States, an average of 300 people are injured and 80 people are killed each year by lightning. Although most lightning victims survive, people struck by lightning often report a variety of long-term, debilitating symptoms. WARNING Quiz 1. Surface warming throughout the day causes the air to be.. A. unstable B. stable C. thin D. foggy Quiz 2. Air rising is called… A. downdraft B. updraft C. rain D. elevation Quiz 3. All thunderstorms produce… A. rain B. lightning C. clouds D. sun Quiz 4. Tornados are also referred to as… A. twisters B. anger C. clouds of dust D. circle wind Quiz 5. Another word for spinning cyclone is… A. twister B. tornado C. high wind D. mesocyclone