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Green engineering and green
chemistry
Biotechnology Alternatives
5/15/2017
Green Chemistry
Biotechnology Alternatives
1
Replacement
 Different crops (corn, sugar cane, wheat
etc.) are used for the production of ethanol
through fermentation
 Organic waste is used for the production of
methane, biogas, through fermentation
 Wood can be used for the production of
methanol
 Extraction of metals is combined with
environmental impacts. The alternative is to
use recycled metals.
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Green Chemistry
Biotechnology Alternatives
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Hydrogen and Fuel Cells vs Fossil Fuels
and Combustion
 Fossil oil products are totally dominating as
fuel, that is energy carrier, for many
purposes especially transport.
 Alternatives now on the market include
ethanol and biogas.
 In the long term hydrogen appears to be
an even more interesting alternative
energy carrier, as it may be used in fuel
cells.
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Green Chemistry
Biotechnology Alternatives
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Alternatives to Heavy Metals
 Organic lead (tetraethyl lead, PbEt4) as
anti-knocking agents in petrol was replaced
with other compounds.
 Replacement of lead with alloys between
tin and one or more other metals
in
soldering of metals.
 Replacement of copper wires with optical
fibers in various electric equipments.
 Mercury has also been replaced in a series
of other products. Thus amalgamates for
repair of teeth, can today be replaced with
either plastics or ceramics.
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Biotechnology
 Biotechnical alternatives to traditional
chemical processes are being developed
and more and more introduced in large
scale production processes.
 Micro-organisms
are
being
used
in
industrial production to produce many
important chemicals, antibiotics, organic
compounds and pharmaceuticals.
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Components of Biotechnology
 Cultivation
of
biological
technical purposes
cells
for
 Genetic change of cells, also referred to
as genetic engineering
 Use of isolated bio-molecules, especially
enzymes, for technical purposes
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Enzymes for Leather Tanning
 The chemicals mainly responsible for
pollution in the pre-tanning are lime,
sodium sulfide, caustic soda as well as
salt and degreasing solvents.
 By introducing enzymatic treatment of
the hides in the pre-tanning stages
substantial reduction of hazardous
pollutants is achieved.
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Green Chemistry
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 Mission:
 enhance and expand efforts to identify and address major
knowledge gaps in green growth theory and practice
 help countries design and implement green growth policy
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-
Biopharmaceutical properties
Drug delivery
Drug discovery
Biomaterials & Tissue
Engineering
- Biosensors
- Computational modeling
Health
- New catalysts
- Enzymatic reactions
- Hydrogen generation
and storage
- Renewable energy sources
- Processes with low
environmental risk
Sustainability
-
Nanostructures, nanomaterials
Photonics, optoelectronics
Polymer composites
Materials technologies
Surface technologies
Computational modelling
Sensors
Converging Technologies
Molecular Design for Social and Economic Needs
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Pharmaceuticals
Food
Green Chemistry
Security
Transport
Industrial Processes
Biotechnology
Alternatives
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Next Manufacturing
PROJECTS/PLATFORMS
1. New molecules with specific biochemical properties
2. Polymer systems for functional and structural properties
3. Novel products and processes for sustainable chemistry
4. Nano-structured systems with electronic properties
5. Molecular based design and modification of coatings
6. Enabling technologies for drug discovery
7. Predictive modeling of functionalities
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The project strategy
Improve the existing
(catalytic) processes
SUSTAINABLE
CHEMISTRY
Design and development,
of new synthetic
processes
Progetto PM-P03
“Innovative products
and processes for
sustainable
chemistry“
STRATEGIC
OBJECTIVES
Sustainable
production
of energy
Hydrogen
technology
Energy
Alternative fuels
Efficiency
and selectivity
Environmental
issues
Reuse and
Recycle of waste
materials
Valorization
and abatement
of pollutants
Process
optimization
Biorefinery
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Valorization of
renewable Green Chemistry
Biotechnology Alternatives
resources
Photovoltaic
Conversion of
renewable
feedstock
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 Valorization to provide for the
maintaining of the value or price of (a
commercial commodity) by a
government's purchasing the
 Abatement suppression or
termination
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Red bacteria
Solar
energy
HYDROLAB
Highlights
Organic
acids
Lacto
bacteria
Vegetal
wastes
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H2
compost
H2 PHOTOBIOLOGICAL
PRODUCTION FROM NON
SULFUREUS RED BACTERIA
FROM VEGETAL WASTES AND
SOLAR ENERGY 14
Green Chemistry
Biotechnology Alternatives
SOCIETAL CHALLANGES
Enhanced global warming
Depletion of resources (not only
fuels!)
Food shortages
Shortages of potable water
Population growth - aging
Waste & pollution
FOOD +70% by 2050
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KEY ENANBLIG TECHNOLOGY
In 2009, European Member States and the
European Commission identified Key Enabling
Technologies (KETs) for their potential impact
in strengthening Europe's industrial and
innovation capacity.
Six KETs
 Nanotechnology
 Micro and nanoelectronics
 Advanced materials
 Photonics
 Industrial biotechnology
 Advanced manufacturing systems
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THE “VALLEY OF DEATH”
• Whilst European R&D is generally strong in
new KET technologies, the HLG has
observed that the transition from ideas
arising from basic research to competitive
• KETs production is the weakest link in
European KET enabled value chains
• The gap between basic knowledge
generation and the subsequent
commercialization of this knowledge in
marketable products, has been commonly
identified across the KETs and is known in
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Green"valley
Chemistry
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broad terms as Biotechnology
the
of
death"
issue.
Alternatives
• This “Valley of Death” has been identified
in many competitor countries, including
the USA, China and Taiwan
• All have established coordinated
programmes in strategically important
areas that cover the full innovation chain
addressing basic and applied research,
demonstrators, standardization
measures, deployment and market
access, all at the same time and,
significantly, in a logical joined-up
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Green Chemistry
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Biotechnology Alternatives
manner.
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO KETS FOR FUTURE
COMPETITIVENESS: THREE PILLAR BRIDGE MODEL TO
PASS ACROSS THE "VALLEY OF DEATH "
The technological research pillar
based on technological facilities
supported by research technology
organisation;
The product development pillar
based on pilot lines and
demonstrator supported by
industrial consortia
The competitive manufacturing pillar bas
on globally competitive manufacturing
facilities supported by anchor companies
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
“the application of science and technology to living organisms, as
well as parts, products and models thereof, to alter living or nonliving materials for the production of knowledge, goods and
services.”
Main biotechnology techniques :
 DNA/RNA.
 Proteins and other molecules
 Cell and tissue culture and engineering.
 Process biotechnology techniques.
 Gene and RNA vectors
 Bioinformatics
 Nanobiotechnology
Emerging Trend
Biological Intermediates substituting petrochemical
building blocks
Synthetic biology
 very important step forward, since it allows designing
chemicals that would not occur by natural pathways.
 to obtain “unnatural” products by modifying bacteria (i.e.
Escherichia coli) or modifying yeasts opens a wide new
field for the production of tailor made chemicals for very
different purposes.
 Advanced research synthetic biology,
- At present the genetic modification of bacteria allows to
obtain for example tailor recombinant polymers (protein,
polysaccharides ect.) or foreseen applications as
elimination of toxic residues ect.
………still limitation in process sustainability
-
Sources
Energy balance in different processing steps
Environmental impact in the processing steps (chemicals, etc)
Economic balance
Product stability
Interfaces
Regulation
Ethical Issue
To overcome the limitation of actual process sustainability