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Class: Insecta Head + thorax + abdomen One pair of antennae Adults may have wings on thorax Thorax with 6 walking legs Pests, predators, or benign to horticultural crops Part 1: Collembola‡, Dermaptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera*, Homoptera*, Isoptera‡, Odonata, Orthoptera, Thysanoptera* Part 2: Insect orders with complete metamorphosis: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera Part 3: Self Test – identify the insects to order ‡ Not tested in Apprenticeship or in HORT 1217. * Note that some newer resources may now include Homoptera and Thysanoptera as suborders of Heteroptera or refer to all three orders as belonging to the “Hemipteroid Assemblage”. Insecta (subphylum Hexapoda) Insect Orders s © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Collembola‡ Springtails No metamorphosis: E, P >> A Chewing mouthparts concealed in head Antennae variable: and with 4-6 segments Abdomen with fork-like tail and clasp Wings absent Small (most < 2 mm) Found in soil, duff, growing media ‡ Not tested in Apprenticeship or in HORT 1217 Collembola Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Collembola ‡ : springtails Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Collembola ‡ : springtails Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Dermaptera Earwigs Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A Chewing mouthparts Antennae thread-like (filiform) Tip of abdomen with large pincers (forceps-like cerci) +/- wings (forewings short and leathery) Small to medium (5-25 mm) Soil, duff, foundations, on plants, in fruit Dermaptera Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Dermaptera: earwigs Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Ephemeroptera Mayflies Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A# Mouthparts chewing on larvae & absent on adults Antennae small and bristle-like (setaceous) Elongate abdomen; tip with 2-3 caudal filaments Forewings triangular & 2-3x size of hind wings Adults with conspicuous abdominal appendages for balance on water Small to quite long (5-35 mm) Aquatic (naiads); adults in wet areas & short lived Ephemeroptera Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Ephemeroptera: mayfly Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Ephemeroptera: mayfly nymphs Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Hemiptera True bugs Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A Piercing-sucking ‘beak’ (originates on anterior of head and folded under abdomen - opisthognathous) Antennae variable, most with 4-5 segments forewings modified to hemelytra (half leathery) Hind wings entirely membranous Wings form a triangular pattern on scutellum Very small (< 1 mm) to large (> 3 cm) Many habitats; very few are major plant pests Hemiptera Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Hemiptera: Dicyphus hesperus: predatory on whitefly, spidermite, and aphids Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Hemiptera: lacebug Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Hemiptera: lygus bug Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Hemiptera: stink bug and western conifer seed bug Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Hemiptera: Podisus maculiventris (predatory) Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Hemiptera: egg hatching Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Hemiptera: Macrolophus caliginosus (predator of whitefly) Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Homoptera* Aphids, scales, cicadas, leafhoppers, etc. Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A; (scale incomplete) piercing-sucking ‘beak’ but head orientation varies Antennae variable; usually setaceous Abdomen appendages: aphids have cornicles Most: four uniform membranous wings; variable Most small to medium (1-15 mm); cicadas big Habitat variable; many important plant pests and no beneficial species * Note that some newer resources may now include Homoptera and Thysanoptera as suborders of Heteroptera or refer to all three orders as belonging to the “Hemipteroid Assemblage”. Homoptera Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Homoptera: aphids Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Homoptera: cicadas Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Homoptera: whitefly Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Homoptera: mealybug Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Homoptera: psyllid nymphs found on Acuba japonica Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Homoptera: scale Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Homoptera: leafhopper Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Isoptera‡ Termites Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A Chewing mouthparts Antennae straight, bead-like (moniliform) Abdominal-thoracic connection is broad +/- 4 wings (all similar in size) Small to medium (5-20 mm), different castes Rotting wood, soil, foundations ‡ Not tested in Apprenticeship or in HORT 1217 Isoptera Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Isoptera ‡ : termite Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Odonata Dragonflies and damselflies Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A Chewing mouthparts on larvae & adults Antennae small & bristle-like (setaceous) Abdomen long & slender Four large wings, about equal is size, many cross veins Large insects: most 15-100 mm Aquatic predaceous naiads; adults in wet areas Odonata Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture nymph head Odonata: dragonflies Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Orthoptera Grasshoppers & crickets Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A Chewing mouthparts Antennae thread-like (filiform) Large hind legs (especially the femora); +/- cerci Leathery forewings hide membranous ones +/Relatively large insects (10-100 mm) Terrestrial plant feeders Orthoptera Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Orthoptera: grasshopper Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Orthoptera: grasshopper Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Orthoptera: cricket Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Thysanoptera* Thrips Gradual metamorphosis: E, N1, N2, PP1, PP2, A Rasping-sucking, asymmetrical mouthparts Antennae bead-like (moniliform) Abdomen torpedo shaped; no appendages Wings (+/-) large & feathery (long hairs) Very small insects (< 3 mm long) Habitat: on plants (a few are predators of other thrips) * Note that some newer resources may now include Homoptera and Thysanoptera as suborders of Heteroptera or refer to all three orders as belonging to the “Hemipteroid Assemblage”. Thysanoptera Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Thrips on a magnolia flower Thysanoptera: thrips Insect Orders Part 2: Insect orders with complete metamorphosis Click here to continue © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture