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Topics
WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM
UNIX OPERATING SYSTEM
MACINTOSH OPERATING SYSTEM
Presented To,
Sir Abdul Hannan
PRESENTED BY,
GHULAM DASTGEER,ALI ASHTAR,UMER IJAZ
What is operating system?
 Operating System is a software, which makes a
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computer to actually work.
It is the software the enables all the programs we
use.
The OS organizes and controls the hardware.
OS acts as an interface between the application
programs and the machine hardware.
Examples: Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS, etc.,
What OS does?
An operating system performs basic tasks such as,
controlling and allocating memory,
 prioritizing system requests,
 controlling input and output devices,
 facilitating networking and
 managing file systems.

Windows Operating System
Index
 Early versions of windows
 Windows1.0
 Windows2.0
 Windows3.0
Later Versions Of Windows
 Windows 95
 Windows 98
 Windows 2000
 Windows ME
 Windows XP
 Windows Vista
Latest Versions Of Windows
 Windows 7
 Windows 8
 Windows 8.1
History
 Microsoft
introduced an operating
enviornment named windows in november 1985 as a
graphical operating system shell.
Windows 1.0
 Microsoft windows 1.0 is a 16-bit graphical operating
enviornment.
 It is developed by microsoft corporation and released
on 20 november 1985.
 It has only 256Kb RAM.
 It has only some features like Ms-
DOS,calculater,calender,paint etc.
Windows 1.0
Windows 2.0
 Windows 2.0 is a 16-bit microsoft windows GUI-
based operating enviornment.
 Windows 2.0 allowed application windows to overlap
each other.
 It also include sophisticated keyboard-shortcuts.
 It is a first window that includes control panel.
Windows 2.0
Windows 95
 Architecture moving from a mainly 16-bit
multitasked to 32-bit architecture.
 Windows 95 running at maximum 480 MB RAM.
 Windows 95 does not support hard disks greater
than 32 GB.
Windows 95
Windows ME
 Windows ME(Millennium Edition) is a graphical
operating system from microsoft.
 It was initially released on september 14 2000.
 Updated features in windows ME is in interface and
media.
 A PC world article dubbed windows ME the
mistake edition.
Windows ME
Windows XP
Windows XP came into the picture in 2001.
It had some advanced features,
 Updated desktop look
 Advanced portable pc support
 Automatic wireless connection support
 Internet connection firewall
 Help and support centre
 Network set up wizard and many more.
Windows XP
Windows Vista
 Windows vista came in january 30, 2007.
 New features of window vista includes an updated
graphical user interface and visual style dubbed
Aero,a new search component called windows
search.
Windows Vista
Windows 7
It was released worldwide on october 22, 2009
after two years of window vista.
New features
 Advanced themes
 Revised interface
 Two column layout start menu
 Change in taskbar that it can shows preview of a
window.
Windows 7
Windows 8
Windows 8 came on october 26, 2012.
Main attraction of windows 8 is windows store
and its fast boot.
New plateform for developing apps,with an
amphasise on touchscreen input.
Features of Windows 8
 Language and standard support
 Windows store
 Personal login account
 Shell and user interface
 Multi monitor taskbar
 File explorer with ribbon
 Improved look of task manager
Windows 8
Unix Operating System
Unix Operating System
 UNIX was one of the first operating systems to be written, in
1971.
 Advantages of UNIX are…
 Multitasking – multiple programs can run at one time.
 Multi-user – allows more than a single user to work at any
given time. This is accomplished by sharing processing time
between each user.
 Safe – prevents one program from accessing memory
or storage space allocated to another program, and
enables file protection, requiring users to have
permission to perform certain functions, such as
accessing a directory, file, or disk drive.
UNIX History
 The UNIX operating system was born in the late
1960s. It originally began as a one man project led
by Ken Thompson of Bell Labs, and has since
grown to become the most widely used operating
system.
 In the time since UNIX was first developed, it has
gone through many different generations and even
mutations.
General Characteristics of UNIX as an Operating
System (OS)
 Multi-user & Multi-tasking - most versions of UNIX are
capable of allowing multiple users to log onto the system,
and have each run multiple tasks.
 Over 30 Years Old - UNIX is over 30 years old and it's
popularity and use is still high. Over these years, many
variations have spawned off and many have died off, but
most modern UNIX systems can be traced back to the
original versions.
General Characteristics of UNIX as an Operating
System (OS)
 Free Applications and Even a Free Operating
System - of all of the applications available under UNIX,
many of them are free. The compilers and interpreters that
we use in most of the programming courses here at UMBC
can be downloaded free of charge. Most of the development
that we do in programming courses is done under the Linux
OS.
 Less Resource Intensive - in general, most UNIX
installations tend to be much less demanding on system
resources. In many cases, the old family computer that can
barely run Windows is more than sufficient to run the latest
version of Linux.
 Internet Development - Much of the backbone of the
Internet is run by UNIX servers. Many of the more general
web servers run UNIX with the Apache web server another free application.
Unix Operating System
Parts of unix
 There are three types of unix.
 The kernel
 The shell
 The Programme
Parts of the UNIX OS
 The Kernel - handles memory management,
input and output requests, and program
scheduling. Technically speaking, the kernel is the
OS. It provides the basic software connection to
the hardware. The kernel is very complex and deals
with the inner workings of these things, and is
beyond the scope of this course. The kernel is
covered in detail in “Operating Systems.”
Parts of the UNIX OS
 The Shell and Graphical User Interfaces
(GUIs) - basic UNIX shells provides a “command
line” interface which allows the user to type in
commands. These commands are translated by the
shell into something the kernel can comprehend,
and then executed by the kernel.
Parts of the UNIX OS
 The Built-in System Utilities - are programs
that allow a user to perform tasks which involve
complex actions. Utilities provide user interface
functions that are basic to an operating system, but
which are too complex to be built into the shell.
Examples of utilities are programs that let us see
the contents of a directory, move & copy files,
remove files, etc...
Parts of Unix
UNIX Interfaces
 There are really 2 means of connecting to UNIX computers here at
UMBC:

You can be sitting in front of a dual-bootable PC that you have
booted into Linux and logged onto. All of your commands are then
being run locally on that computer. When you logon in this manner
you have a full GUI environment.

You can connect remotely to one of the UNIX servers (whether from
home or at the labs). This is often how your projects are suggested to
be developed as they are graded on those same servers. When you
logon in this manner you have a command line (or text based)
environment. You can also open up a command line on local lab
machines as well.
Macintosh Operating System
Mac oS
 Mac os is a series of graphical user interface-based
operating system developed by apple Inc.for their
macintosh line of computer system.
 Mac os was designed only to run on apple computer.
 Apple names its os as mac os ,beginning in 1997
which was previously known as system.
History of Mac os
 In 1984, apple introduced the macintosh pc with the
macintosh operating system.
 The first was introduced by apple then-Chairman steve
jobs was the first successful personal computer to
feature a mouse and graphical user interface(GUI).
 The mac os could be easily distinguished from other
operating systems beause it was the only os with a full
GUI.
The first Mac os
Mac OS X Cheetah
 Mac OS X versions 10.0 code named cheetah is the
first major release of Mac OS X, apple desktop and
server opertaing system.
 Mac o X v 10.0 was released on march 24,2001.it was
the successer of the mac OS X public beta and the
predecessor of mac os X v10.0.
Mac OS X Cheetah
Mac OS X Panther
 Mac OS X version 10.3 is the fourth major release of
mas os X apple desktop and the server operating
system.
 Apple advertised that mac os x panther had over 150
new features.
Mac OS X Panther
Mac OS X Tiger
 Mca OS X versions 10.4 is the fifth major release of
mac os x apple desktop and server operating system
for mac computer.
 Tiger shocked excutives at microsoft by offering a
number of features, such as fast file searching and
improved graphics processing.
Mac OS X Tiger
Mac OS X Snow Leoperd
 Mac OS X Snow leoperd version 10.6 is the seventh
major release of mac os x apple desktop and server
operating system.
 Snow leoperd included many refinememt to the user
interface and new walpapers.
Mac OS X Snow Leoperd
OS X Yosemite
 OS X is the upcoming eleventh major release of OS X
apple Inc,s desktop and server operating system for
macintash computers.
 Yosemite introduced a major revision to the
operating system user interface, designed with
insipiration from iOS 7, while still maintaining the
OS X look and feel.
OS X Yosemite
Advantages of Mac OS
Easy to use
Integration with apple and other products
Mac OS can run windows at the same time
Relibility
Design
Disadvantages of Mac OS
Gaming
Price
Fewer software options
Cannot be upgraded/customized