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Elephants are the largest land mammals. Three species of elephant are living today: the African
bush elephant, the African forest elephant and the Asian elephant (also known as the Indian
elephant).
At birth it is common for an elephant calf to weigh 120 kilograms. The elephants typically live
for 50 to 70 years, but the oldest elephant lived for 82 years.
A male elephant weighs about 11,000 kg and its shoulder height is about 3.96 metres.
Elephants have a very special body part which is called a “trunk”. The elephant's trunk is
sensitive enough to pick up a single blade of grass, yet strong enough to rip the branches off a
tree. The trunk is also used for drinking. Elephants suck water up into the trunk—up to 14 litres
at a time—and then blow it into their mouths.
The second special body part of an elephant are two tasks that grow continuously. Tusks are used
to dig for water, salt, and roots; to debark trees to eat the bark; and to move trees and branches
when clearing a path. In addition, they are used for marking trees to establish territory, and
occasionally as weapons.
The large flapping ears of an elephant are also very important for temperature regulation. The
hot blood entering the ears can be cooled as much as ten degrees Fahrenheit before returning to
the body.
The elephants usually have no enemies except the lions that may hunt for the elephant’s calves.
Elephants are herbivores, and spend up to 16 hours a day eating plants. Their diets are highly
variable, feeding on the leaves, bark, and fruits of trees, but they may also eat several sorts of
grasses.
Elephants are working animals used widely by humans to carry people and loads.