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Application Report SLVA093 - October 2000 Power-Management Solutions for InfiniBand SM I/O Modules Heping Dai Mixed Signal Products ABSTRACT InfiniBand, a scalable, modular, channel-based, switched-fabric architecture, is defined for the connection of servers with servers and with storage and networking devices. Because appropriate power-management is essential for quality implementations, this report presents straightforward solutions for both high-power and low-power applications as required by the InfiniBand specification. Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 Bulk-Power Group Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 Auxiliary-Power Group Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 List of Figures 1 2 3 4 5 Bulk-Power Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Implementation of the InfiniBand Bulk-Power Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary-Power Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Implementation of the InfiniBand Auxiliary-Power Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary-Power Implementation Using TPS2021 and TPS765xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 5 6 7 InfiniBand is a service mark of InfiniBand Trade Association. 1 SLVA093 1 Introduction InfiniBand is a scalable, modular, channel-based, switched-fabric architecture with a performance range from 500 Mbps to 6 Gbps. Supporting a wide range of applications, InfiniBand (or IB) is defined for connection of servers with servers as well as with storage and networking devices. The basic InfiniBand interconnection is a link—a full-duplex interfabric transmission path—where a fabric is simply a collection of links, switches, repeaters, and routers connecting nodes. InfiniBand is basically a back-planed implementation, and the specification defines power requirements for the system and each module as well as the digital and communication requirements. This set of digital and analog signals is defined as a port, which is the termination point for a link. The physical attach point to a port is one of the following: • A cable connector, defined for use with copper cables. • A fibre connector, defined for use with optical cables. • An IB module that defines the form factors and backplane connector housing a function. An InfiniBand port is a set of signals as seen on a connector interface, identified by InfiniBand specification. Some connectors will contain all signals (e.g., backplane), while others may contain subsets (e.g., cable and optics). Each IB port contains four groups of signals, which serve different purposes. These groups are: 1. IB signaling 2. System management 3. Bulk-power 4. Auxiliary-power There are two power connections available for each IB module: 1. Bulk power, intended for the major functions of the module. This is a 12-V supply with a ±2-V tolerance and transient peak of 16 V. In most module implementations this voltage will have to be regulated down to a more useful voltage level, such as 3.3 V. The maximum current load on this supply rail is 2.5 A dc. 2. Auxiliary power, intended for management and enumeration functions of the module, even when the bulk power is not available. Auxiliary power is supplied to the module as 5 V and may be regulated within the module as required. The maximum current load on this supply rail is 0.26 A dc. A single IB port is capable of providing up to 50 W, but provisions are made to allow the chassis backplane the option to supply 25 W and indicate that only 25 W is available; concurrently, the IB module will indicate that up to either 25 W or 50 W is required. This ensures that an appropriate match of power required vs power delivered is in place while allowing for both flexible systems and module designs. 2 Power-Management Solutions for InfiniBandI/O Modules SLVA093 The combination of staggered pins in the connector and power-control circuitry built into the module allows InfiniBand modules to be hot-pluggable—inserted and removed while the system is powered—without affecting system operation or causing physical damage. Additional features are defined that allow for graceful removal, whereby software is notified of a pending removal so that appropriate actions can take place prior to the actual removal of the module. The purpose is to eliminate any potential disruptions to system operation. LED indicators on the module indicate whether a module is in an operational state allowing safe removal. For additional information, refer to the specification. See Chapter 6, Low-Speed Electrical Signaling, for details on the electrical parameters of the bulk and auxiliary power groups, and Chapter 8, Power/Hot Plug, for details on power functionality, in InfiniBand Architecture Specification Volume 2A. This report addresses the solutions for the bulk- and auxiliary-power groups. 2 Bulk-Power Group Implementation The bulk-power group is included in Chapter 8 of the Infiniband Specification Volume 2 A. The topology diagram is shown in Figure 1. The bulk-power group includes two stages: hot-plug control stage and dc/dc converter stage. In order to limit inrush current caused by the bulk capacitor CBulk, current ramp at input is limited by the FET in the hot-plug control stage. In the specification, the maximum dv/dt ramp rate of VB_In is 40 A/ms. Bulk Power VB_In IVB FET R(Sense) C(VBin) Secondary Rail + C(Bulk) VBxEn_L Power Sequencer Isolated or Nonisolated DC-DC Converter(s) VO Power Good Power Enable VB_Ret Local Power Enable Figure 1. Bulk-Power Topology The TPS2330 or the TPS2331 from Texas Instruments can be used for implementing the hot-plug control circuit as required, and the TPS5603 or TPS5102 can be used where a dual dc/dc converter is required. As an example, if two supply voltages are required by I/O functions, which are loads on the bulk power, then the bulk-power group with nonisolated dc/dc converters can be implemented as shown in Figure 2. Power-Management Solutions for InfiniBandI/O Modules 3 4 Power-Management Solutions for InfiniBandI/O Modules 3 9 8 10 TIMER AGND AGND GND ENABLE VREG IN ISET 4 † 1 14 5 TPS2330 PWRGD FAULT ISENSE GATE DISCH VSENSE 7 12 11 + 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 INV2 FB2 OUT1D LL1 LH2 OUT2U LL2 OUT2D OUTGND2 REG5V_IN VREF5 TRIP2 VCC_CNTP TRIP1 OUTGND1 SOFTSTART2 COMP VCC STBY2 STBY1 REF GND RT CT PWM/SKIP LH1 OUT1U TPS5102 SOFTSTART1 FB1 INV1 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 + Figure 2. Implementation of the InfiniBand Bulk-Power Group †A 15-V zener diode may be required to limit the line transient voltage within the maximum voltage range of the TPS2330. VB_Ret 2 Local Power Enable 6 13 VBxEn VB_in VO2 VO1 SLVA093 + SLVA093 For more comprehensive information on the functionality of the TPS2330 and TPS5102, go to: http://www.ti.com/sc/docs/products/analog/tps2330.html http://www.ti.com/sc/docs/products/analog/tps5102.html To look at the TPS5602, refer to: http://www.ti.com/sc/docs/products/analog/tps5602.html If isolated dc/dc converters are required, the dc/dc converting topology in Figure 2 needs to be changed according to isolation requirements. Many isolation dc/dc topologies can be used, such as forward, flyback, and other alternatives. For help with isolated power design, contact TI’s systems engineers through the product information center for solutions. To create more output voltage levels, add more channels of dc/dc converters, or simply use LDOs such as TPS765xx, following the dc/dc converter stage, to regulate the VO1 or VO2 to the voltages required. 3 Auxiliary-Power Group Implementation Chapter 8 of InfiniBand Specifications Volume 2A also recommends an auxiliary-power group, as shown in Figure 3. In this topology, a P-channel FET is recommended and should be turned on as long as the required 5 V is on the input VA_In. Therefore, 5 V is available without additional regulation. Because most modern electronic circuits work at a lower voltage such as 3.3 V, further regulation may be necessary. Auxiliary Power VO0, 5 V VA_In Optional Regulator VOx, < 5 V + VA_Ret Figure 3. Auxiliary-Power Topology A slow-start control circuit, the RC network associated with the FET implementation, is shown in this topology. This circuitry limits the current ramp-up rate of the auxiliary-power group to below 0.1 A/ms (or 100 A/s) if the appropriate capacitance and resistance is selected. Figure 4 shows a simple implementation of the auxiliary-power group using TPS765xx low-dropout regulators. Additional information about the TPS765xx LDO can be found at http://www.ti.com/sc/docs/products/analog/tps76501.html The TPS765xx LDO family can regulate the output voltage to any points between 1.25 V and 4.8 V with a 5-V input. The family includes eight fixed-output voltage versions (1.5 V, 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 2.7 V, 2.8 V, 3 V, 3.3 V, and 5 V) and an adjustable version. As shown in Figure 4, two voltages are generated by the LDOs for management functions. Power-Management Solutions for InfiniBandI/O Modules 5 SLVA093 5V TPS76533 5 VA_In 6 IN IN + PG NC/FB OUT 4 EN OUT 2 7 3.3 V 8 GND 3 VA_Ret PG1 1 + CO 4.7 µF 300 MΩ TPS76515 5 6 IN IN PG NC/FB OUT 4 EN OUT GND 3 2 PG2 1 7 1.5 V 8 + CO 4.7 µF 300 MΩ Figure 4. Implementation of the InfiniBand Auxiliary-Power Group 6 Power-Management Solutions for InfiniBandI/O Modules SLVA093 A simpler solution of the auxiliary-power group can be implemented using a TPS2021 current-limited power-distribution switch plus the TPS765xx LDO, as shown in Figure 5. 5V TPS76533 VA_In 2, 3 6, 7, 8 IN 0.1 µF 0.1 µF 5 4 VA_Ret 5 OUT OC EN 6 IN IN + PG NC/FB OUT 4 GND EN OUT 2 7 3.3 V 8 GND 3 1 PG1 1 + CO 4.7 µF 300 MΩ TPS76515 5 6 IN IN PG NC/FB OUT 4 EN OUT GND 3 2 PG2 1 7 1.5 V 8 + CO 4.7 µF 300 MΩ Figure 5. Auxiliary-Power Implementation Using TPS2021 and TPS765xx The TPS2021 switch has controlled rise time and ramp-up rate, which eliminates the need for additional control circuitry, as well as overcurrent and overtemperature protections. To view the specifications for TPS2021, refer to: http://www.ti.com/sc/docs/products/analog/tps2021.html 4 Conclusion The InfiniBand architecture creates a very large market, targeting many applications. To have reliable and quality implementations, appropriate power management is essential. This report presents straightforward solutions for both high-power and low-power implementation required by the InfiniBand specification. Texas Instruments, as a member of the InfiniBand Trade Association, will continue supporting InfiniBand applications, and the Power Management Products (PMP) group at TI can provide diverse power management solutions in InfiniBand and other areas. Power-Management Solutions for InfiniBandI/O Modules 7 SLVA093 5 References 1. TPS2020, TPS2021, TPS2022, TPS2023, TPS2024 Power-Distribution Switches data sheet, Literature Number SLVS175A 2. TPS2330, TPS2331 Single Hot Swap Power Controller With Circuit Breaker and Power-Good Reporting data sheet, Literature Number SLVS277A 3. TPS76515, TPS76518, TPS76527, TPS76528, TPS76530, TPS76533, TPS76550, TPS76501 Ultra-Low Quiescient Current 150-mA Low-Dropout Voltage Regulators data sheet, Literature Number SLVS236 4. TPS5102 Dual, High-Efficiency Controller for Notebook PC Power data sheet, Literature Number SLVS239 5. InfiniBand Architecture Specification Volume 2A Release 0.9. 8 Power-Management Solutions for InfiniBandI/O Modules IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make changes to their products or to discontinue any product or service without notice, and advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. TI warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty. 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