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black tea (blak tee)
Other Name(s):
Camellia sinensis, English tea, Theaflavin
Classification
Therapeutic: central nervous system stimulants
(high doses).
Interactions
Natural Product-Drug: Cimetidine, disulfiram, fluvoxamine, phenylpro-
Common Uses
Mental alertness. Headache. Weight loss. Myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis
prevention.
Action
Black tea contains caffeine (2– 4%) a methylxanthine that stimulates the CNS through
adenosine receptor blockade and phosphodiesterase inhibition, relaxes smooth
muscle in the airways, stimulates the heart and has diuretic effects. Theaflavins and
tannins present in black tea are responsible for antioxidant properties. Therapeutic Effects: CNS stimulation. Diuresis. Elevated heart rate and BP.
panolamine, fluoroquinolones, and estrogens canpcaffeine clearance andq
adverse effects. Caffeine can inhibit dipyridamole-induced vasodilation. Abrupt
withdrawal of caffeine canqlithium levels. Additive stimulatory effects with CNS
stimulants. Caffeine canqtheophylline levels.
Natural-Natural Products: Mayqheart rate and BP when used with bitter orange. Mayqstimulatory effects when taken with ephedra and green tea.
Route/Commonly Used Doses
PO (Adults): Heart disease prevention— 1– 4 cups daily; Headache/mental performance— 1– 5 cups daily. One cup of black tea contains approximately 50 mg
caffeine. A maximum of 8 cups/day has been suggested.
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
Assessment
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Unknown.
Distribution: Unknown.
Metabolism and Excretion: Unknown.
Half-life: Unknown.
● Assess BP and heart rate periodically in patients at risk for cardiovascular side ef-
fects.
● Lab Test Considerations: Monitor liver and kidney function tests and blood
TIME/ACTION PROFILE
ROUTE
ONSET
PEAK
DURATION
PO
unknown
unknown
unknown
Contraindications/Precautions
Contraindicated in: Allergy or hypersensitivity to caffeine or tannin; OB: Pregnancy and lactation (in high doses due to caffeine content).
Use Cautiously in: Cardiac arrhythmias; Diabetes; Peptic ulcer disease; Osteoporosis (caffeine increases urinary calcium excretion); Iron deficiency anemia (may
worsen); Pedi: Safety and efficacy has not been established in children.
⫽ Genetic Implication.
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Adverse Reactions/Side Effects
CV: arrhythmia, hypertension, tachycardia. CNS: insomnia, tremor. Derm: rash,
hives. Endo: hyperglycemia. F and E: hypokalemia, hyponatremia. GI: constipation, increased stomach acid. Hemat: iron deficiency, microcytic anemia. GU: diuresis, increased urine sodium, potassium, and calcium levels. MS: rhabdomyolysis
1
⫽ Canadian drug name.
Plate # 0-Composite
glucose, plasma homocysteine, and uric acid levels periodically in patients with
who drink large amounts of black tea.
Potential Nursing Diagnoses
Acute pain (Indications)
Implementation
● Drink tea as desired.
Patient/Family Teaching
● Advise patient that chronic use of black tea may be habit-forming. Abrupt discon-
tinuation may lead to withdrawal symptoms; decrease gradually.
CAPITALS indicate life-threatening, underlines indicate most frequent.
Strikethrough ⫽ Discontinued.
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Evaluation
● Increased mental alertness.
● Increased urine output.
● Decrease in headache pain.
Why was this drug prescribed for your patient?
䉷 2015 F.A. Davis Company