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Ancient China Big Idea • China's physical geography made farming possible but travel & communication difficult • Developed along 2 rivers • China's first dynasties helped Chinese society develop and made many other achievements Review Section 1 • Geography – Gobi Desert – Low-lying plains: farmland – Quinling Shandi: mountains • Separates north/south China – Monsoons – Developed • Huang He or Yellow River (China’s Sorrow) • Chang Jiang, or Yangzi Development of Farming • Food – Rice -Cereal millet & wheat • • • • Location: Huang He & Chang Jiang Hunter & Fisherman Domestication animals Increase Population Early Settlements • Houses – Partly underground, covered roofs • Walls – Surrounded towns • Animal pens, storage pits, cemeteries • Potters wheel 2 seperate cultures • Separate cultures in North & South China • Sanxingdui • Hongshan Burial Sites • Provide information – Filled tombs with objects • Food – Social Hierarchy – Beautiful jewelry • Jade Burial Sites • Provide information – Filled tombs with objects • Food – Social Hierarchy – Beautiful jewelry • Jade Xia Dynasty • Yu the Great – founder • Channels – Flooding to drain the water – Yu dug the channels??? • Stories – Provide Chinese with stories of working together Shang Dynasty • 1500 B.C. In the Huang He Valley – Northern China • Moved capital several times • King center of life – – Political religious Shang Dynasty Social Order King: Royal Family & Nobles Warriors Artisans: lived outside city walls Farmers: long hours, high taxes, no $ Slaves: source of labor Shang Advancements • China's first writing system – Writing found on oracle bones • • • • • Cattle bones & turtle shells Priest would interpret the cracks Oracle: is a prediction Bronze containers Axes, ornaments, knives, war chariots, bows, body armor, calender Section 2 Overview • Zhou Dynasty expanded China but then declined • Confucius offered ideas to bring order to the Chinese • Daoism and Legalism also gained followers Big Idea • The Zhou dynasty brought political stability and new ways to deal with political and social changes in ancient China Zhou Dynasty • Overthrew the Shang • Kings gained power through Heaven – Mandate of Heaven • Lords & Peasants – Taxes & soldiers • Lack of Loyalty from generation to generation Decline of Zhou Power • Fire • Warring States Period – A time of many civil wars – China lacked a strong government to stop power struggles within the ruling class families • Internal Problems – Families broke apart—decrease in loyalty Confucius • China was rude and people dishonest • Wanted to restore family order and social harmony Confucius Guidelines • Fathers should display high moral values to inspire their families • Children should respect and obey their parents • All family members should be loyal to each other Ideas on Government • Moral leadership, not laws • A king should lead by example inspiring good behavior in all of his subjects • The lower classes would learn by following the example of their superiors. Confucius • Great Teacher • The Analects Daoism • • • • • • • Reaction to Confucianism Government stay out of peoples lives Be like water Balance of opposites: low high Dao Natural world Laozi Legalism • • • • Political Philosophy Government & Social Control Reject Confucianism and Daoism Society-Strict laws – People and neighbors and family punished • Always be ready for war to expand territory The Qin Dynasty • Main Ideas – The first Qin Emperor created a strong but strict government. – A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements. The Qin Dynasty • Main Ideas – The first Qin Emperor created a strong but strict government. – A unified China was created through Qin policies and achievements. Big Idea • The Qin Dynasty unified China with a strong government and a system of standardization. Qin Dynasty • Developed a strong military during the Warring State (civil war period) • Qin king Ying Zheng: – Named himself: Shi Huangdi “first emperor” • • • • Legalism Strong government Strict laws Harsh punishments Shi Huangdi • Must follow his policies • Burning of books – Opposition buried alive • Expanded Empire – When they conquered a city they destroyed the walls and took all the weapons Change in the Rules • He did not share power • He took away land from nobles • He forced people to work on government buildings • He controlled China by dividing it into districts with governors being which enforced the tax system Unified China • Uniform system of laws (everyone does the same thing) – Rules – Laws – Writing Symbols – Money System – Weight & Measures Unified China • Trade became easier • Severe Punishments if you did not obey Qin Achievements • • • • Roads- connected to the capital Water system-canals Irrigation System- still used today Great Wall The Fall of the Qin • New policies stirred resentment – Peasant, scholars, nobles • Shi Huangdi died in 210 B.C. • Rebels formed and said the received the “Mandate of Heaven” • Country falls to civil war