Download First-degree burn

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Alcohol
Aloevera
Ammonia
Antibiotic
Antihistamine
Bandaids
Brace
Butterfly
Calamine
Elastic
Flashlight
Gloves
Gauze
Head
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Heating
Icepack
Iodine
Ipecac
Oxide
Professional
Saline
Scissors
Shock
Sling
Splint
Tape
Tourniquet
Tweezers
Today the concept of health
extends beyond the
absence of illness and
disease.
 The broader emphasis of
health focuses on physical,
mental, and social well
being.
 A child’s heredity sets the
limits for hi/her health
potential.
 Environment plays an equally
important role.
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POSITIVE
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Good nutrition and
dietary habits
Daily physical activity
Personal hygiene
Regular mental and
dental care
Clean and safe
home/school
environments
Respectful and stable
relationships
NEGATIVE
Poor nutrition can lead
to obesity and health
problems
 Child abuse, violence,
and poverty
 Exposure to lead paint
or household chemicals
 Lack of medical
attention
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It is your responsibility to protect,
maintain, and improve children's health!
 Consider the following:
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 Develop center health policies.
 Review children’s health
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records/immunizations.
Recognize ill children daily.
Isolate sick children.
Contact parents.
Plan a safe environment that prevents
accidents.
Provide first aid.
Take part in health related training…CPR!
Include health in the children’s curriculum.
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Policy= a course of action that controls
future decisions.
In most states, the health of children in
child care is regulated by state licensing
rules.
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All children enrolled in your
program should have a
preadmission medical exam.
This will help you learn:
 Whether the child is free from
communicable diseases= illnesses
that can be passed on to other
people.
 If immunizations are up to date.
 If the child has any health
problems that require special
attention.
For the safety of all children, centers need a
policy stating when an ill child should be kept at
home.
 A child should be kept home if they have shown
any of the following symptoms in the past 24
hours:
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Temperature over 101
Diarrhea or vomiting
Severe/persistent cough or cold
Drainage from open sores, eyes, nose, or ears
Rashes (excluding diaper rash)
Lice
To protect staff from lawsuits, most
centers have polices for medication. These
must adhere to your state’s licensing
requirements.
 Medicines should be stored appropriately,
always labeled, in a locked container.
 Always read the label on the medication at
least three times.
 In some programs, only one person will
administer medicine. (director or nurse)
 Call parents or doctor is you have any
questions!
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A health policy that is needed in all
centers is related to napping.
Children should not share cots or
beds.
Each child should be provided with a
washable cot or bed and clean sheets.
Clean sheets should be provided on a
weekly basis.
It may be necessary to change
sheets more frequently, when a child
is ill, has perspired a great deal, or
has soiled the sheets.
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Conduct an informal health inspection
each day!
As children arrive, observe for rashes,
sores, swelling or bruising. Changes in
appearance of eyes, runny noses,
flushing of skin, coughing, sneezing and
a sweaty appearance.
Symptoms of Illness on page 245.
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A sick child should be removed
from the classroom and wait
with an adult in an isolation
area.
Always contact parents when a
child shows signs of illness.
Parents should pick up their
child in a reasonable amount of
time.
Parents should also be notified
if their child has been exposed
to a communicable disease.
Send home notices to all
parents if even one child has
had lice.
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When cleanliness is stressed, fewer
children and staff become ill.
Studies show that children in group
setting have more upper respiratory
infections.
Children do not have good hygiene. They
drool, sneeze in their hands, and put
toys in their mouth. They may share
cups and food.
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Use liquid soap because germs can grow
on bar soap!
Wash for 30 seconds. Sing your Abc’s!
Mobile Infants-use moist towel/soap
Toddlers-teach and assist
Preschoolers-remind children/supervise
Germs!
Upon arriving
After handling classroom
pets (salmonella)
 After playing outdoors
 After coughing, sneezing,
rubbing nose or handling a
tissue
 Before handling food
 After changing a diaper
 After using the toilet
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Germ Glo!
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Transmission of disease occurs
from the contamination of hands,
toys, diapering table, kitchen
counters, food prep equipment,
etc.
Toys must be cleaned and
disinfected.
Wash stuffed toys at least once a
week.
Sanitizing= removes dirt/soil and
small amounts of bacteria.
Disinfecting= process of
eliminating germs from surfaces.
Safe Bleach solution ¼ cup of
bleach to a gallon of water.
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Federal laws have been passed to protect staff
from accidental exposure to blood borne pathogens
like HIV or Hepatitis B.
This law requires programs to develop and
proactive universal infection and control
precautions.
All bodily fluids could potentially be infections or
contaminated.
Always wear disposable latex gloves.
Wash items that may have become soiled with any
bodily fluids.
If the fluids are on a child’s clothing, remove and
seal it a plastic bag marked with the child's name.
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Foodborne illness= caused by eating
food that contains harmful bacteria,
toxins, parasites, or viruses.
Symptoms include stomach pain,
cramps, diarrhea, bloody stools,
nausea, vomiting, sever headaches, or
fever.
Young children and pregnant women
are at a higher risk for food borne
illness.
Results from improper food prep,
handling, or storage.
Cook all food thoroughly.
Store foods at safe temperatures.
Alert parents if children may have
eaten contaminated foods.
First aid= immediate treatment given for
injuries and illness, including those that
are life threatening.
 All employees in child care should be
certified by the American Red Cross.
 Store all first aid items in one area and
keep out of children’s reach.
 Always take your first aid kit when moving
locations…playground or field trips!
 Check supplies each month!
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Wound= damage to the
surface of the skin or
body tissue.
Closed wound= directly
under the surface,
usually results in
bruising, discoloration,
tenderness and pain.
Apply a cold cloth or ice
pack!
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Open wound= break in the skin.
 Abrasions= a scrape that damages the skin.
 Cuts= caused by sharp edges, bleeding may be
heavy if a blood vessel is cut.
 Puncture wounds= caused by strong force made
against a sharp object such as nails. Tetanus
bacteria could develop.
 Bites= type of puncture wound that can be caused
by humans and animals.
▪ Rabies= disease caused by a viral infection of the nervous
system and brain. Humans infected are not able to swallow.
Burn= injury caused by heat, radiation, or chemical agents.
3 classes of burns based on depth: 1st ,2nd ,3rd degree.
Children are commonly burned by hot liquids, cooking and
electrical equipment.
 1st degree= burns to the top layer of skin, less sever,e
result from brief contact with hot object like scalding
water or overexposure to the sun. apply cold water!
 2nd degree= cause damage to underlying layers of skin.
More serous, caused by extreme overexposure to sun,
contact with hot liquids, or fire. Pain, blistering, swelling,
and discoloration.
 3rd degree= destroys the skin layer and nerve endings. Can
be caused by open flames, burning clothing, immersion in
hot water, contact with live electrical wires. Very serious,
require prompt medical attention, call 911!
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The least serious burns are those in
which only the outer layer of skin is
burned, but not all the way through.
The skin is usually red, with swelling,
and pain sometimes is present. Treat a
first-degree burn as a minor burn
unless it involves substantial portions of
the hands, feet, face, groin or
buttocks, or a major joint, which
requires emergency medical attention.
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When the first layer of skin has been burned through and the second layer of skin (dermis) also is
burned, the injury is called a second-degree burn. Blisters develop and the skin takes on an
intensely reddened, splotchy appearance. Second-degree burns produce severe pain and swelling.
If the second-degree burn is no larger than 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter, treat it as a
minor burn. If the burned area is larger or if the burn is on the hands, feet, face, groin or
buttocks, or over a major joint, treat it as a major burn and get medical help immediately.
For minor burns, including first-degree burns and second-degree burns limited to an area no
larger than 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter, take the following action:
Cool the burn. Hold the burned area under cool (not cold) running water for 10 or 15 minutes or
until the pain subsides. If this is impractical, immerse the burn in cool water or cool it with cold
compresses. Cooling the burn reduces swelling by conducting heat away from the skin. Don't put ice
on the burn.
Cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage. Don't use fluffy cotton, or other material that
may get lint in the wound. Wrap the gauze loosely to avoid putting pressure on burned skin.
Bandaging keeps air off the burn, reduces pain and protects blistered skin.
Take an over-the-counter pain reliever. These include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others),
naproxen (Aleve) or acetaminophen (Tylenol, others). Use caution when giving aspirin to children or
teenagers. Though aspirin is approved for use in children older than age 2, children and teenagers
recovering from chickenpox or flu-like symptoms should never take aspirin. Talk to your doctor if
you have concerns.
Minor burns usually heal without further treatment. They may heal with pigment changes, meaning
the healed area may be a different color from the surrounding skin. Watch for signs of infection,
such as increased pain, redness, fever, swelling or oozing. If infection develops, seek medical help.
Avoid re-injuring or tanning if the burns are less than a year old — doing so may cause more
extensive pigmentation changes. Use sunscreen on the area for at least a year.
Don't use ice. Putting ice directly on a burn can cause a burn victim's body to become too cold and
cause further damage to the wound.
Don't apply butter or ointments to the burn. This could cause infection.
Don't break blisters. Broken blisters are more vulnerable to infection.
The most serious burns involve all layers of the skin and cause
permanent tissue damage. Fat, muscle and even bone may be affected.
Areas may be charred black or appear dry and white. Difficulty inhaling
and exhaling, carbon monoxide poisoning, or other toxic effects may
occur if smoke inhalation accompanies the burn.
 For major burns, call 911 or emergency medical help. Until an
emergency unit arrives, follow these steps:
 Don't remove burned clothing. However, do make sure the victim is no
longer in contact with smoldering materials or exposed to smoke or
heat.
 Don't immerse large severe burns in cold water. Doing so could cause
a drop in body temperature (hypothermia) and deterioration of blood
pressure and circulation (shock).
 Check for signs of circulation (breathing, coughing or movement). If
there is no breathing or other sign of circulation, begin CPR.
 Elevate the burned body part or parts. Raise above heart level, when
possible.
 Cover the area of the burn. Use a cool, moist, sterile bandage; clean,
moist cloth; or moist towels.
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Use sterilized tweezers to remove
splinters.
 Wasps, bees, hornets, yellow jackets, and
fire ants are all stinging insects.
 For children who are allergic to stings,
they could be fatal!
 React quickly! Most deaths from stings
occur within 2 hours of the incidents.
 Remove the stinger and watch closely for
signs of rash or swelling.
 Make sure you always carry medication for
children with severe allergies, epi pen.
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Rescue 911
Children are at highest risk
for choking.
 More likely to put small
objects like toys, buttons, and
coins in their mouths.
 Children younger than four
years are more likely to choke
on hard or round foods.
 Infants should always have
their heads elevated when
being bottle fed.
 Have children sit while eating.
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When the brain goes w/o oxygen for 4
minutes, a result can be brain damage or
even death.
Staff must respond quickly to choking!
If the child can speak, cough, and
breathe…encourage the child to keep
coughing.
If you see that the child is not able to
breathe or speak, take immediate action!
Red Cross recommends “five and five”
response. This means delivering 5 back
blows followed by 5 abdominal thrusts
(for children 1 year and older).
CPR may be required!
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Good oral hygiene begins with
regular tooth brushing.
A child over the age of 2 should
brush teeth after each snack/meal!
Dental emergencies include cut or
bitten tongues, lips, or cheeks’
knocked out teeth and broken
teeth.
If a child complains of a toothache,
rinse with water and apply a cold
compress.
If a child has a cut or bitten lip,
tongue, or cheek, apply ice. If you
see blood, apply pressure.
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Head lice= small insects that live on people’s
hair and scalp, about 1/10 to 1/8 of an inch in
length.
They produce small round eggs, called nits
(may look like grains of sand).
Use a medicated shampoo on all family
members!
Clean linens, clothes, brushes, bedding, hats,
toys!
Signs of lice:
▪ Constant itching.
▪ Small, silvery eggs attached to individual hairs.
▪ Lymph glands may swell in the neck/underarm.
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Ill children should be moved into a
separate room immediately.
When children become ill, they
may vomit, develop diarrhea, or
develop a fever. Recognize the
signs and act fast!
If the child requests food or
drink, only provide sips of water.
Record the number of times the
child vomits and the amount
thrown up.
Contact parents!
Average internal
temperature= 98.6
 Normal temperatures
range from 97 to just
under 100 degrees.
 A temp at least 2
degrees above normal is
significant.
 Digital thermometers are
popular and commonly
used in the ear.
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If a child with a special condition is enrolled
in your program, you will need to make plans
for this child’s health and well being.
 Discuss condition with parents, understand
any emergencies that may arise.
 Is there a special diet, medications, or
specific exercises?
 Train staff to handle special medical
conditions and emergencies!
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 Allergies= the body’s reaction to a substance in the
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environment, which is called an allergen. Smoke dust, mold,
mildew, pet dander, pollen and certain foods are allergens.
Asthma= chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways.
Symptoms include coughing, wheezing, rapid or labored
breathing, shortness of breath, and tightness in chest.
Diabetes= body cannot properly control the level of sugar
in the blood. Must know signs of low insulin and how to
react.
Epilepsy= condition in which a person has periodic seizures.
Grand mal seizures consist of repeated convulsions or
jerking over the entire body. Petit mal seizures are milder,
a few brief muscle twitches and sense of confusion.
HIV= breaks down the body’s immune system. Eventually
leads to AIDS. Children with HIV can attend child care
unless they have open sores, uncontrollable nosebleeds,
bloody diarrhea, or are at high risk for exposing others.