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Download Classical Music - Nutley Schools
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Classical Music 1750-1800 Context • American Revolution • French Revolution • Enlightenment – Voltaire, Hume, Kant • Germany and Austria were the centers of musical activity • Patronage of German courts promoted the work of prolific composers, specifically Mozart and Haydn Musical Developments • Stressed perfection of form • Utilized lyricism-melodic clarity and beauty • Musical instruments continued to be refined – Harpsichord developed into the fortepiano, which developed into the piano – Development of the piano yielded more dynamic variety and lyric expression – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6Vm-ipvo-E Sonata-Allegro Form • Presents two or more musical themes in a three-part structure • Exposition – States the themes • Development – Elaborates the themes • Recapitulation – Restates the themes • A short introduction sometimes precedes the exposition • The Coda was sometimes utilized as an independent sectionprovided a conclusion to the piece • Sonata-Allegro form followed predictable harmonic development Exposition • Primary key section contains – Principal or Primary Theme-establishes home key – Transition from Primary Theme and Related key section • Related key section contains – Secondary or Subordinate Theme-often on the dominant (5th scale degree) or relative minor – Closing section-confirms the new key Development • Most free-form of the three sections • Based on thematic material from the Exposition • Destabilizes the harmonic movement • Varies in length and dramatic content • Concludes on the dominant of the Primary key area • Leads to the Recapitulation Recapitulation • Returns to the material in the Exposition • Secondary theme usually stays in the home key rather than changing • Sometimes abbreviated version of Exposition • Sometimes includes a Coda to extend the ending Franz Josef Haydn • • • • Born in Austria Primarily self-taught Known for his talent as a violinist and composer In 1761, entered the service of Prince Esterhazy and continued to work for him for 28 years – Composed and directed all music for the court – Wrote a great deal of music-over 100 symphonies, and 83 string quartets • Symphony no. 101 “Clock Symphony” • Symphony no. 94 “Surprise Symphony” Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart • • • • 1756-1791 Born in Salzburg Lived and died in Vienna Father was Leopold, a well-known musician – Recognized young Mozart’s talent and promoted concerts all over Europe for Wolfgang and his sister Nannerl • Was inspired by his travels – Composed based on the tastes of the country he was in • Enjoyed moments of success, but often overindulged and spent his money as it came in • Court musician in Salzburg • Worked for Emperor Joseph II in Vienna • Died before completing his Requiem Mozart’s Instrumental Works • Composed wide variety of musical forms – Symphonies, concertos, secular vocal music, Masses, piano sonatas and concertos, chamber music • Dedicated 6 string quartets to Haydn, who was a strong influence on his compositional style • Clarity and beauty of melodic content was important • Eine Kleine Nachtmusik • Laudate Dominum • A Musical Joke Mozart’s Operas • • • Wrote 22 Operas Apollo et Hyacinth—wrote at age 11 Most were in the Italian tradition – – – Seria Buffa Collaborated with Da Ponte (librettist) • • • • Commissioned by Imperial German Theater – • Features “pants role” of Cherubino Don Giovanni – – • • Abduction from the Seraglio Marriage of Figaro – • Marriage of Figaro Cosi fan Tutte Don Giovanni Based on legend of Don Juan Classified as a buffa, but combines drama and supernatural elements Cosi Fan Tutte The Magic Flute – Characters include Taomino, Pamina, Sarastro, Papageno (bird-like man)
