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Collaboration: the key to development of
National SDI
National SDI development is
underpinned by organisational
collaboration between levels of
governments and the private sector
Mathew Warnest
PhD Candidate, University of Melbourne
Department of Sustainability and Environment - Research Seminar
28th October 2004
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures
and Land Administration
© Warnest 2003
Presentation Overview
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SDI Concept
Research Problem
Federal and State Case Study
National SDI in Australia
Results of Jurisdictional Questionnaire
Conclusions
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures
and Land Administration
© Warnest 2003
SDI Concept
• Spatial information is an essential resource that
underpins the economic, social and environmental
interests of a nation
• Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) constitute a set
of relationships and partnerships that enable data
sharing, update and integration
• SDIs increase efficiency, reduce duplication of effort
and support decision making of government and
business
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures
and Land Administration
© Warnest 2003
Research Problem
• Duplication of effort, expense and current
institutional arrangements impede construction of a
national infrastructure base for spatial information
• This study contributes to a gap in the knowledge on
organisational based collaboration to share spatial
information and resources
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures
and Land Administration
© Warnest 2003
Components of SDI
Access Networks
People
Policy
Data
Standards
(Rajabifard et al 2000)
Data: Fundamental Datasets
People: Communication, Partnerships
Institutional Framework: Policy, Legislation
Technology: Access, Distribution, Storage
Standards: Data Models, Metadata, Transfer
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures
and Land Administration
© Warnest 2003
Need for National SDI
• Environmental Assessment & Management
• Land & Property Administration - including
Native Title
• Navigation - road, marine & air
• Resource Management - agriculture, mining,
energy, forestry & marine
• Emergency Services - Fire, Ambulance
& Police
• Business Planning
• Census
• Disaster Management
• Defence, National Security
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures
and Land Administration
© Warnest 2003
Australia – An Overview
• Small residential population 20 Million
• Australia in land area (7.7MKm2) is the sixth
largest nation after Russia, Canada, China,
United States of America and Brazil
• 60 000+ years of habitation by Indigenous
Australians
• Federation of States since 1901, Colonial
settlement in 1788
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures
and Land Administration
© Warnest 2003
Australia – A Federation
• Federal Government (Commonwealth)
– Defence, Post, Census, Foreign Affairs & Trade, Immigration
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6 States and 2 Territory Governments
– Education, Transport, Health, Natural Resources, Land
Administration, Policing, Emergency Services, Utilities, Main
Roads
• 700 Local Governments
– Local Planning, Community Services, Water and Sewerage,
Garbage, Local Roads
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures
and Land Administration
© Warnest 2003
Funding Differences
• Federal Government 57%
• State Government 38%
• Local Government 5%
Governm ent Expenditure (1999-2000)
Federal
State
Local
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures
and Land Administration
© Warnest 2003
Federal and State Case Study
• In-person Interviews:
4 States, Commonwealth and National Bodies ( 4-6
Agencies per jurisdiction)
• Jurisdictional Questionnaire:
Total Number of Responses
28
Number of Questionnaires
Distributed
42
Total Interviewees
87
Response Rate
67 %
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures
and Land Administration
© Warnest 2003
Federal and State Case Study
• 82% of Respondents Represented State Agencies
• 36% GIS Managers, 21%Business Managers,
43% Managers and Senior Executives
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures
and Land Administration
© Warnest 2003
Questionnaire: Results
• 85% of respondents indicated the most common basis for
organisational collaboration is data sharing
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures
and Land Administration
© Warnest 2003
Questionnaire: Results
• Trust between
organisations
is the most
important
characteristic
of formal
collaboration.
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures
and Land Administration
© Warnest 2003
Questionnaire: Results
•
Most commonly
used spatial
data:
1.
Topography
2.
Road Networks
3.
Geographic
Names and
Administration
4.
Ortho-Imagery
5.
Cadastral
6.
Street Address
7.
Elevation and
Bathymetry
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures
and Land Administration
© Warnest 2003
Questionnaire: Results
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Use and Provision of Spatial Information extends well beyond the
organisation’s jurisdiction.
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures
and Land Administration
© Warnest 2003
Key Collaboration Factors
• Project or Process based
• Dependence on other participants
• Basis of Sharing – Data, Skills, Resources,
Knowledge
• Mutual benefit
• Relationship management
• Coordination
• Funding
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures
and Land Administration
© Warnest 2003
Conclusions
• Much formal and informal collaboration is occurring
across sectors and jurisdictions.
• Improved coordination of spatial information and
activities is required at the State level nationally.
• The results of this study demonstrate Australia is
well advanced in the development of SDI at both
State and Federal levels with much collaboration
occurring across sectors and jurisdictions.
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures
and Land Administration
© Warnest 2003
Acknowledgments
Supervisors: Prof Ian Williamson, Dr Abbas Rajabifard
Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment, New South
Wales Department of Lands, Australian Research Council and members of
the Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructure and Land Administration,
The University of Melbourne
Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures
and Land Administration
© Warnest 2003