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Intermediate Module
LIMITED CIRCULATION
ENGLISH FOR MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE
_____________________________________
SELF ACCESS LEARNING
INTERMEDIATE MODULE
BAHAGIAN PENDIDIKAN GURU
KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA
Intermediate Module
Bahagian Pendidikan Guru
Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia
Aras 2 – 6, Blok E 13
Kompleks Kerajaan Parcel E
Pusat Pentadbiran Persekutuan
62604 PUTRAJAYA
Hak cipta terpelihara. Tidak dibenarkan mengeluar ulang mana-mana
bahagian isi kandungan modul ini dalam apa juga bentuk dan dengan apa
juga cara sama ada elektronik, fotostat, mekanik, rakaman atau cara lain
sebelum mendapat izin bertulis daripad Bahagian pendidikan Guru,
Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia Aras 2 – 6, Blok E 13, Kompleks Kerajaan
Parcel E, Pusat Pentadbiran Persekutuan, 62604 PUTRAJAYA.
Hakcipta Bahagian Pendidikan Guru
Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia
Cetakan Pertama 2007
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Intermediate Module
FOREWORD
T
he Teacher Education Division, Ministry of Education Malaysia with the cooperation of
all State Education Departments, have embarked on the implementation of the
“Teaching of Mathematics and Science in English” (ETeMS) course since 2002. To
date, a total of 120,000 Mathematics and Science teachers from primary and
secondary schools have been successfully trained by our own local trainers.
Although we are happy with this development, we will not be satisfied until all the Mathematics
and Science teachers are truly competent in the language. The Teacher Education Division tries
to find ways to assist the teachers concerned. The idea of coming up with these Self Access
Modules is to provide more ongoing training and support to ensure the success of this
programme.
The main focus of these modules is to develop and enhance teachers’ proficiency. It also aims
to encourage independent learning and autonomy through self-access tasks. Without the
teachers’ determination and commitment to complete the tasks, our hope will ring hollow.
The success of these modules will undoubtedly bring about improvement in the teachers
competency in the English Language. Teachers should try to do something beyond what they
have already mastered as mastery is gained through practice. By the same token, teachers
should seize this opportunity, make every obstacles a challenge, turn challenges into
opportunities in enhancing their level of English proficiency.
I do hope that the planning and execution of these modules will serve to enhance self
development through self-access learning. It is hoped that these modules will be fully utilised
and beneficial to all teachers to upgrade their proficiency level to teach Science and
Mathematics in English.
I would like to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to those involved for their
commitment and teamwork in producing these modules. Likewise I hope that this initiative will
grow in scope and make a greater impact from the small yet significant beginnings we make
today.
Thank you.
………………………………………………..
WAN MUSTAMA BIN WAN ABDUL HAYAT
DIRECTOR OF TEACHER EDUCATION DIVISION
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MALAYSIA
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Intermediate Module
COORDINATOR
En. Romai Noor bin Rabbu
Teacher Education Division
Ministry Of Education, Malaysia
MODULE WRITERS:
Fazhuda Binti Abd Aziz
Institut Perguruan Bahasa
Antarabangsa, Kuala Lumpur
Asliza Binti Mahmud
SK Batu Tiga, Kuantan,
Pahang
Ghazali Bin Abdullah
Institut Perguruan Tun Hussien Onn,
Johor
Aliza Binti Ahad
SK Tanjung Keramat,
Kuala Selangor, Selangor
Laily Binti Yahya
Institut Perguruan Teknik,
Kuala Lumpur
Chong Voon Hui
SMK Seremban Jaya, Seremban,
Negeri Sembilan
Norhasni Binti Yeop Ghazali
Institut Perguruan Ipoh,
Perak
Daunah Binti Sitam
SK Seri Bandar Damansara 3,Petaling,
Selangor
Norzilah Binti Mohd Zain
Institut Perguruan Bahasa
Antarabangsa
Fadilah Binti Yaacob
SMK Seri Pagi, Seremban,
Negeri Sembilan
Umaimah Binti Mohd Idris
Institut Perguruan Ipoh,
Perak
Faizah Binti Baharuddin
SK Segambut, Kuala Lumpur,
Wilayah Persekutuan
Yashwanora Binti Yahaya
Institut Perguruan Bahasa Melayu
Malaysia
Fauziah Binti Hj Abd Rashid
SMK Seri Tanjung,
Melaka
Zuraiyah Binti Mohd Yunus
Institut Perguruan Bahasa
Antarabangsa
Florence Kok Siew Lin
SMK Durian Daun,
Melaka
Lukman Bin Simon
PPP Muar,
Johor
Ganeswari Karuppiah
SJK(T) Serdang, Petaling,
Selangor
Aminah Binti A Rashid
SMK Bandar tun razak, Cheras, KL,
Wilayah Persekutuan
Hamidah Binti Suleiman
SMK Yaacob Latif, Jalan Peel, KL,
Wilayah Persekutuan
Anjilin Dorothi Krishnan
SJK(T) Jalan Cheras, Kuala Lumpur,
Hjh Normala Binti Hj Yusoff
SM Teknik Tuanku Jaafar, Ampangan,
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Wilayah Persekutuan
Seremban, Negeri Sembilan
MODULE WRITERS:
Arianti Binti Sarbin
SMK Seri Perling, Johor Bahru,
Johor
Hor Saw Lelin
SMK Karak, Karak,
Pahang
Janet John Samai
SK Muadzam,
Pahang
Ruhil Hayati Binti Zulkapli
SMK Senaling, Kuala Pilah,
Negeri Sembilan
Jasminder Kaur Santtokh Singh
SMK Abdul Rahman Yaakub,
Bota
Sabrina Binti Zainuddin
SK King Edward VII-2, Taiping,
Perak
Komathy Manikkam
SK Kampung Tenang, Labis,
Johor
Sahridah Binti Abu Samah
SMK Lurah Bilut,
Pahang
Little Flower J.S. Fernandez
SMK Kepong, Jalan FRI, 52100 Kepong,
Selangor
Salbiah Binti Saleh
SMK Tengku Mahmud Iskandar,
Sg. Mati, Muar, Johor
M.Maya P.K. Manoharan
SMK Bukit Baru,
Melaka
Sarweswari Karuppiah
SMK Dato’ Hj Kamaruddin, Kuala Kubu
Bahru
Mohamad Fairdaus Bin Misnan
SMK Jalan Kolan Air, Batu Pahat,
Johor
Sashikala Nair
SMK Karak, Karak,
Pahang
Ngiam Siew Lan
SMK Paduka Tuan, Segamat,
Johor
Selvarani Thanggiah
SMK Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah, Kajang,
Selangor
Norhuda Binti Shahmin
SMK Convent, Batu Pahat,
Johor
Siti Salmiah Binti Mohd Sharif
SMK Undang, Jelebu
Negeri Sembilan
Norul Akmar Binti Hj Alang
SMK Air Molek,
Melaka
Siti Zarina Binti Md Samud
SMJK Pei Hwa, Sg Mati, Muar,
Johor
Rajaspare Rengasamy
SK Shah Alam, Shah Alam,
Selangor
Tan Bee Ling
SMK Durian Tunggal,
Melaka
Redzuan Bin Ahmad
SMK Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah, Seberang
Perak, Teluk Intan, Perak
Tay Yew Guan
SMK Jelai, Kuala Pilah,
Negeri Sembilan
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MODULE WRITERS:
Leela Rani Bachaan singh
SMK Teknik, Cheras,
Kuala Lumpur
T, Vanitha Thanabalan
SMK Seri Desa, Tg, Karang,
Selangor
Norehan Binti Moktar
SMK Rantau Panjang, Jalan Kapar,
Klang
Norizah binti Muhamad
SM Teknik Kerian, Bagan Serai,
Perak
Winnie Tan
SMK Dato Bentara Dalam, Segamat,
Johor
Yashida Binti Yasim
SMK Tinggi Kajang, Kajang,
Selangor
Radhakrishnan Ponnusamy
SMK Yuk Choy, Ipoh,
Perak
Zaimy Bin Shah Bhari
SK Sg Choh, Rawang,
Selangor
Roslin Adlina Binti Abd Razak
SMK Seri Raub,
Pahang
Zainab Bibi Binti Hamid
SMK Tuanku Jaafar, Seremban,
Negeri Sembilan
Sarojini Devi Balasingam
SMK Dato’ Onn,
Kuala Lumpur
Zainalariffin Bin Abd Kadir
SMK Munshi Ibrahim Labis, Segamat,
Johor
Suguna Rajagopal
SMK Simpang Beluru, Enggor,
Kuala Kangsar, Perak
Zarena Bi Binti Mohamed Sadique
SMK Tengku Aris Bendahara, Kluang,
Johor
FACILITATORS
Fazhuda Binti Abd Aziz
Institut Perguruan Bahasa Antarabangsa,
Kuala Lumpur
Norhasni Binti Yeop Ghazali
Institut Perguruan Ipoh,
Perak
Ghazali Bin Abdullah
Institut Perguruan Tun Hussien Onn,
Johor
Yashwanora Binti Yahaya
Institut Perguruan Bahasa Melayu Malaysia
Laily Binti Yahya
Institut Perguruan Teknik
Zarena Bi Binti Mohamed Sadique
SMK Tengku Aris Bendahara, Kluang,
Johor
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INTRODUCTION
This self-access package consists of 3 modules: Beginner Module, Intermediate Module and
Advanced Module. Teachers are expected to spend about six months to complete the 3
modules. The distribution of hours is as follows:
Beginner
- 40 hours
Intermediate - 40 hours
Advanced
- 40 hours
Each module consists of 8 themes namely:
1. Theme 1: People
= 5 Hours
2. Theme 2: Current Issues
= 5 Hours
3. Theme 3: Health
= 5 Hours
4. Theme 4: Environment
= 5 Hours
5. Theme 5: Science And Technology = 5 Hours
6. Theme 6: Social Issues
= 5 Hours
7. Theme 7: Stories
= 5 Hours
8. Theme 8: Culture And Language
= 5 Hours
Total Hours = 40 Hours
Each thematic text is organised according into 3 language learning components:
Interaction
Language awareness
- 3 hours
Writing
- 1 hour
Reading
- 1 hour
Total number of hours per week
- 5 hours
At the end of each module, there will be a Model Test which the teachers have to complete.
Upon completion of the Self Access Learning Modules, teachers should be able to achieve the
following:
Language Awareness:

understand basic grammar

use correct grammar in sentences and paragraphs

construct grammatically correct sentences and paragraphs
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
identify, understand and use: parts of speech, tenses, types of sentences, question
forms

identify and construct simple, compound and complex sentences
Reading:

develop reading sub-skills

identify and understand main ideas and supporting details

identify cause and effects, recall information, to make inferences and draw conclusions

draw other higher level comprehension skills

enrich vocabulary

find meaning of words read based on contextual clues

transfer information from linear to non-linear

to use dictionary as an aid to improve comprehension
Writing:

write grammatically correct sentences

generate and organise ideas using specific techniques

develop a paragraph with focussed and specific main ideas

support the main idea in a paragraph with supporting details

write cohesive paragraphs using simple, compound and complex sentences

draft an essay based on an outline

write coherent essays, letters and reports.
This package is specially designed to benefit Mathematics and Science teachers who require
more support in using English as the instructional language to deliver their lessons.
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INTERMEDIATE MODULE
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
Language Awareness:
Aim

To be able to create awareness and develop a progressive understanding
of the different grammar components of the English Language.
Objectives:
 To be able to use correct grammar in sentences and paragraphs.

To be able to construct grammatically correct sentences and paragraphs.

To be able to identify, understand and use verbs and tenses.
Reading:
Aim

To be able to read and understand different text types.
Objectives:
 To be able to develop reading sub-skills.

To be able to enrich vocabulary.

To be able to use dictionary as an aid to improve comprehension.

To be able to answer questions at knowledge and comprehension level.

To be able to answer questions at application and analysis level.
Writing:
Aim

To be able construct sentences to form a paragraph with some guidance.
Objectives:
 To be able to write grammatically correct sentences.

To be able to generate and organise ideas using specific techniques.

To be able to develop a paragraph with a focussed and specific main idea.

To be able to support the main idea in a paragraph with supporting details.

To be able to write cohesive paragraphs using simple, compound and complex
sentences.
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SELF ACCESS LEARNING
WEEK
CONTENT
9
Theme: People
Language Awareness: Regular and irregular verbs
10
Theme: Current issues
Language Awareness: Subject-verb agreement
11
Theme: Health
Language Awareness: Modal verbs
12
Theme: Environment
Language Awareness: Verbs-to-be
13
Theme: Science and technology
Language Awareness: Gerunds /infinitives
14
Theme: Social issues
Language Awareness: Phrasal verbs
15
Theme: Stories
Language Awareness: Active and passive voices
16
Theme: Culture and language
Language Awareness: Present and past participles
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WEEK 9
PEOPLE
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WEEK
:
9
THEME
:
PEOPLE
TIME
:
5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES: By the end of this unit, you should be able to:

develop reading skills.

answer the comprehension questions related to the text.

find meaning of words read based on contextual clues and dictionary.

use correct grammar in sentences and paragraphs.

construct grammatically correct sentences and paragraphs using regular and
irregular verbs.

develop a paragraph with focused and specific main ideas.

write essays based on the notes given.
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WARMER
1
10
2
9
8
4
6
3
5
Read and understand the diary entry below.
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TEXT A
Read the story below.
My five-year old son’s approach was innocent enough. “Dad, can I have a story?”
“Sure,” I said. “But only one and you must go to sleep.” He made himself
comfortable while I flipped through a storybook, looking for the shortest story. I began to
read.
“Jack and Jill went up the hill to ….”
“Why, Dad?” my son asked.
“Why what, son?”
“Why did they go up the hill?” he asked again innocently.
The answer was in the book, so I continued. “To fetch a pail of water. Jack fell ….”
“Why, Dad? Why did they fetch a pail of water?”
That was a slightly more difficult question. If I remember correctly, in those days,
there was no piped water and taps. “They had to take it home because in those days they
didn’t have any plumbing.” I continued quickly, “Jack fell down and broke his crown and
…..”
“Why did he fall down, Dad?”
“His shoelace was not tied. He tripped and fell.”
“Dad?”
“What?” I asked, trying to stay calm.
“What’s a crown?”
My head was beginning to ache. “His head. He fell down and broke his head.”
“How Dad? Did he fall on his head?”
I counted to ten. I wanted to scream at Hans Christian Andersen for writing this
story. I took a deep breath and continued, “Yes, he fell on his head and it broke.”
“Would I break my head if I fell down?” my son asked ………
(adapted from: Gusto!Grammar Workout KBSM Form 2,
Kok Ming Wai & Sugguna Munusamy, 2006)
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MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
EXERCISE 1
Number the sentences based on the story.
1. The father had a headache.
2. Jack fell down and broke his head.
3. To stay patient, the father counted to ten.
4. There was no plumbing; so Jack and Jill had to fetch the water.
5. The son wanted to know why Jill had to go up the hill.
EXERCISE 2
Answer these questions.
1. Why did Jack and Jill go up the hill?
_________________________________________________________________________
2. How did the father react to his son?
__________________________________________________________________________
3. What is a crown?
__________________________________________________________________________
4. Why was the father angry at Hans Christian Andersen?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. In your opinion, what was the father’s answer to his son’s last question?
___________________________________________________________________________
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WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 3
Use the dictionary to find the meaning of these words.
1. innocent
:
___________________________________
2. tripped
:
___________________________________
3. comfortable :
___________________________________
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
GRAMMAR NOTES
VERBS
The verb is the word in the sentence that shows action.
Verbs can be regular or irregular.
Regular verbs follow the same conjugation pattern. Irregular verbs don't follow the normal
conjugation pattern.
REGULAR VERBS
You will notice that the word ‘look’ does not change when we add the suffix “-ed” and the main
verb ‘look’ is the same. Therefore “LOOK” is a regular verb.
PRESENT
I look through the window.
PAST
I looked through the window.
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EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks by changing the verb in the brackets into past tense form. The first
sentence has been done for you.
1. The result was so unexpected that it shocked everyone. (shock)
2. My mother ____________ chicken curry for dinner last night.
3. Sam ____________ us to lock the doors.
(remind)
4. My sister __________ my hand so tightly that it hurt.
5. Who ____________ my new shoes?
(cook)
(grip)
(borrow)
6. My mother ________ her clothes while watching television.
(iron)
7. We had to stop the game yesterday because it __________ heavily.
8. His sister _______ cakes for him yesterday.
(bake)
9. The headmaster _______ his teachers about the new programme.
10. The plumber _____ the broken pipe in just ten minutes.
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(rain)
(inform)
(fix)
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EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with a suitable word from the box.
worked
asked
complained
pulled
rushed
discovered
blamed
tried
walked
followed
looked
noticed
When I was sixteen, I _________ (1) in a butcher’s shop. The manager of the shop was not
much older than I and soon I ____________ (2) that he was not always honest. Sometimes he
gave the wrong change to his customers and usually they never __________ (3) it. When the
younger housewives ________ (4) for the best-quality steak he would often give the cheaper
cuts of meat. They never _______ (5). Probably they ________ (6) themselves if the meat was
tough.
One day, just before Christmas, we were getting ready to close the shop. We had sold
almost everything. There was only one turkey left. Suddenly a woman _______ (7) in and said
excitedly that she had to have a four-kilo turkey. The manager ________ (8) to sell our
miserable little bird which she said was too small. Then the manager _________ (9) to the back
of the shop, turkey in his hand. I knew that we had nothing else at the back, so I _______ (10)
him to see what he would do.
He ________ (11) and stretched that turkey, making it look a little bigger. Then he went
back to the customer, saying, “Here you are, madam. This one is bigger.” She ________ (12) at
it a moment, and then said, “But it’s still not big enough. I’ll take both of them, please.”
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WRITING
EXERCISE 6
Write a short paragraph in about 100 words about yourself. You may use the questions
below to help you. Use all the grammar notes learned in the earlier module to help you.
MYSELF
Family Background
 big/small family
 parent’s occupation
 early education
Personal Particulars
 age
 single/married
 children?
 schools taught?
 years of
experience
 hobbies




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FAVOURITES
food
drinks
colour
subject
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TEXT B
Read the dialogue below.
Norita : I know a lady who has a very pleasant personality. She is my Aunt Rosie.
Soon : Really? I would like to meet her. What is a pleasant personality actually?
Norita : It is one that appears attractive from the inside while maintaining a presentable
appearance on the outside.
Soon : It simply means that the person looks nice in appearance and has a nice character too.
Norita : Yes. That describes my Aunt Rosie.
Soon : Is it difficult to look nice?
Norita : No, actually it’s easy to look nice. All we need are nice clothes, a nice hairstyle and
nice make-up. However, we need to cultivate nice qualities as well.
Soon : Should we look nice to have a pleasant personality?
Norita : The main qualities are friendliness and cheerfulness. We are attracted to friendly and
cheerful people. On the other hand, we do not want to go near hostile and grumpy
people.
Soon : That’s true. I have a friend who is so pleasant and charming that others want to be near
her and talk to her. There should be more of such people around.
Norita : Of course other qualities like tolerance, patience and generosity also make up a
pleasant personality.
Soon : So we need to have these qualities to make us truly attractive.
Norita : Certainly. If we have these qualities, we have a pleasant personality.
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MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
EXERCISE 1
Answer the following questions based on the dialogue.
1. Aunt Rosie probably has the following qualities except
A. friendliness.
B. helpfulness.
C. grumpiness.
D. liveliness.
2. The word maintaining can best be replaced with
A. saving.
B. taking.
C. keeping.
D. covering
3. According to Norita, having a nice appearance is
A. difficult.
B. unlikely.
C. impossible.
D. not difficult.
4. When Norita says that we need to cultivate nice qualities, she means we have to
A. buy it.
B. make effort.
C. keep it.
D. discuss it.
5. A person does not have a pleasant personality if he is
A. quiet.
B. rude.
C. cheerful.
D. patient.
6. Which statement best summarizes this dialogue?
A. Many people do not have a pleasant personality.
B. It is impossible to have a pleasant personality.
C. There is no need to have a pleasant personality.
D. We can all cultivate a pleasant personality.
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EXERCISE 2
Answer these questions.
1. How can we describe a pleasant personality?
2. What type of people are we attracted to?
3. What type of people are we not attracted to?
4. Why does Norita say that it is easy to look nice?
EXERCISE 3
Write the opposite meaning of these words.
1. attractive
:
_______________________________________________________
2. tolerance
:
_______________________________________________________
3. patience
:
_______________________________________________________
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LANGUAGE AWARENESS
IRREGULAR VERBS
Most verbs are changed into past tense by adding a –d or –ed to the present tense. Most verbs
are regular verbs. We call verbs that change to the past tense in other ways irregular verbs.
Some irregular verbs change a vowel.
Example 1: I swim every day at the YMCA.
I swam there yesterday.
Some irregular verbs change a final –d to –t.
Example 2: Please send me a secret message.
I sent it an hour ago.
Some don’t change at all.
Example 3: I read Spanish easily.
Yesterday I read a book in Spanish.
Now let’s see the verb buy.
PRESENT
I buy fruits for my mother every weekend.
PAST
I bought some mangoes yesterday.
You have seen that buy changes to bought in the past tense, so we say that the verb bought
is irregular.
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EXERCISE 4
Guess the past tense of the verb and fill in the table below.
Present Tense
bite
Past Tense
1.
write
wrote
2.
rode
drive
drove
3.
got
speak
4.
choose
chose
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with the past tense form of the underlined verbs below.
I. I like to sing.
Last year I ________ in the school concert
2. My brother sells cars.
Yesterday he _______ a Ford Fiesta.
3. I usually do my writing in the
Last week I _______ it at home.
office
4. He comes to see me every day.
Yesterday he _______ at 2 o’clock.
5. The sun rises every morning.
Yesterday it _______ at 5 a.m.
6. I have two computer games.
On Wednesday I ______ only one computer
game.
7. I find this job hard to complete.
I _______ the previous job easier.
8. I drink milk every day.
Yesterday I _______ one glass.
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EXERCISE 6
Read the sentences carefully. Fill in the blanks with either the simple present or simple
past form of the verb.
1. He usually (drink) ________ a glass of fruit juice every morning, but yesterday morning he
(drink) ________ two glasses of warm water instead.
2. He is an eloquent speaker. He always (speak) ________ clearly and his voice never (shake)
________ even when there is a big crowd. However, he (have) ________ a bad car accident
yesterday, and today, he (tremble) _______ when he was speaking at the competition.
3. My grandmother (cook) ________ vegetable soup on Sundays. When we (go) ________ to
her house last Sunday, she (serve) ________ us chicken soup. Apparently, she (forget)
________ to go to the market on Saturday.
4. Every year end, my family and I would (spend) ________ our holidays by the seaside. My
parents (say) ________ the sea breeze is good for us. Last night, however, my father
(announce) ________ that he just won a free holiday for four to Disneyland. “Hurray! We’re
going there for our annual vacation,” (shout) ________ my brother.
5. I (like) ________ Mathematics. It is a challenging but interesting subject. I (enjoy) ________
doing calculations and solving problems. In the previous test, I (get) ________ full marks for the
monthly test. My Mathematics teacher (praise) ________ me for doing so well.
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WRITING
EXERCISE 7
List a teacher’s duty in school. You may use the verbs you have learnt.
a. teach
b. _____________
c. _____________
d. _____________
e. _____________
f.
_____________
g. _____________
h. _____________
i.
_____________
j.
_____________
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EXERCISE 8
Using the verbs that you have listed in Exercise 7, write a short essay on teacher’s duty
in school.
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TEXT C
Read and understand the diary entry below.
Dear Diary,
I’ve just spent the past week stuffing myself! I’m on
holiday and I have been going out with my family. We have
been invited to so many dinner parties and every time we
go, we always have so much to eat.
I told my parents that I would like to go to a concert
this holiday. I saw the advertisement that said an
orchestra would be playing movie themes at the Concert
Hall. I would love to go there. Alternatively, I can also ask
my friends from the music school to go with me. We could
make this a day out.
My parents think that asking my friends to go is a
good idea. After all, if we want to form a string quartet or
play in an orchestra one day, we have to do all we can to
build our music knowledge. The four of us can do many
things together.
Well, I’m going to call them now and see if they want
to go. Till we meet again, Bye, my dear diary.
Jim
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MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
EXERCISE 1
Answer the questions that follow.
1. What has the writer been doing during the holidays?
A. The writer has been eating a lot.
B. The writer has been traveling.
C. The writer has been shopping.
D. The writer has been working.
2. How does the writer feel about music?
A. The writer cannot be bothered.
B. The writer is indifferent.
C. The writer loves it.
D. The writer thinks it is waste of time.
3. How did the writer find out about the concert?
A. Through the radio.
B. Through an advertisement.
C. Through a friend from the music school.
D. Through his parents.
4. A day out means
A. a short holiday.
B. a quiet time.
C. a pleasant time for friends.
D. a trip somewhere for a day.
5. A string quartet is made up of..
A. four people.
B. two people.
C. three people.
D. one person.
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EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks with either TRUE or FALSE.
1. Jim and his family were invited to so many dinner parties.
___________
2. Jim wanted to go for a movie during the holidays.
___________
3. The orchestra would be playing movie themes at the school hall.
___________
4. Music knowledge is important to form a music group.
___________
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 3
Use the dictionary to find the meaning of these words.
1. concert - _____________________________________________________________
2. advertisement - ________________________________________________________
3. orchestra - ____________________________________________________________
4. alternatively - __________________________________________________________
5. knowledge - ___________________________________________________________
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LANGUAGE AWARENESS
GRAMMAR NOTES:
Verbs
Verbs are action words that show the state of something (‘be’ verb)
Examples:
Khalid was the only boy learning ballet.
Ali and Bala went to the movies last night.
There are two types of verb:
Regular Verbs
These are verbs that are spelt the same in the past tense form and usually end in a ‘-d’
or ‘-ed’ when written in past tense form.
Examples:
walked
baked
Irregular Verbs
These are verbs that are spelt differently in the past tense form.
Example:
go
went
Some irregular verbs are spelt the same in the past tense form.
Example:
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EXERCISE 4
Complete this crossword. Find the past tense form of the verbs given.
1
2
3
4
6
5
7
8
9
10
12
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2
24
Across:
Down:
3. bring
4. stick
1. hurt
2. choose
7. sing
8. eat
5. understand
6. sit
9. feed
10. shake
11. hear
12. swim
14. sell
15. read
13. write
17. go
16. leave
16. meet
20. pay
21. win
19. draw
22. drink
23. stand
24. make
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WRITING
EXERCISE 5
Based on the notes below, write a short essay about Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad
Badawi, the fifth Prime Minister of Malaysia.
Date of birth
: 26 November 1939
Place of birth : Pulau Pinang
Education
: Primary and secondary education in Pulau Pinang
: 1964 – graduated with a degree in Islamic Studies from University Malaya
Career
: 1978 – became member of Parliament of Kepala Batas
: Served as Education Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs
: Became Deputy Prime Minister in 1999
: 31st October 2003 – sworn in as the fifth Prime Minister of Malaysia
Contributions : Introduced new policies and regulations to improve the civil service
: Promote unity among the many races of the country
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ANSWER KEY
WARMER
1. listen
2. stop
3. wait
4. clean
5. eat
6. think
7. give
8. sit
9. talk
10. sing
TEXT A
EXERCISE 1
1. The son wanted to know why Jill had to go up the hill.
2. There was no plumbing; so Jack and Jill had to fetch the water.
3. Jack fell down and broke his head.
4. The father had a headache.
5. To stay patient, the father counted to ten.
EXERCISE 2
1. Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch some water.
2. The father was very patient towards his son.
3. Crown refers to the ‘head’.
4. The father was angry because it was difficult to answer his son’s questions.
5. “Yes, dear, and that’s why you have to be careful all the time.” (Accept any other
logical answer).
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EXERCISE 3
1. not guilty
2. to lose balance after knocking your foot against something
3. provide a pleasant feeling
EXERCISE 4
1. shocked
2. cooked
3. reminded
4. gripped
5. borrowed
6. ironed
7. rained
8. baked
9. informed
10. fixed
EXERCISE 5
1. worked
2. discovered
3. noticed
4. asked
5. complained
6. blamed
7. walked
8. tried
9. rushed
10. followed
11. pulled
12. looked
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EXERCISE 6 (Sample answer)
MYSELF
My name is Siti. I am 25 years old. I am married and I have three children. I have
taught in three schools for the past thirteen years. My hobby is reading. I like to read
romantic stories. I love to travel too.
I come from a small family. There are four members in my family. They are all
married and have settled down. My secondary education was in Johore. After my SPM
in 1990,I continued my studies in University Malaya. I studied literature and graduated
in 2002. I was first posted as a teacher to Kuala Terengganu.
My favourite colour is blue. I love to eat nasi lemak and drink ‘the tarik. I enjoy
cooking too.
TEXT B
EXERCISE 1
1. C
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. B
6. D
EXERCISE 2
1. Pleasant appearance is appearing attractive from the inside while maintaining a
presentable appearance on the outside.
2. We are attracted to friendly and cheerful people.
3. We are not attracted to hostile and grumpy people.
4. Nora says it is easy to look nice because all we need is nice clothes, hairstyle
and make-up.
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EXERCISE 3
1. ugly
2. intolerance
3. impatience
EXERCISE 4
1. bit
2. ride
3. get
4. spoke
5. stole
6. rang
7. drink
8. freeze
9. rose
EXERCISE 5
1. sang
2. sold
3. did
4. came
5. rose
6. had
7. found
8. drank
EXERCISE 6
1.drinks, drank
2. speaks, shakes, had, trembled.
3. cooks, went, served, forgot
4. spend, say, announced, shouted.
5. like, enjoy, got, praised.
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EXERCISE 7
a. teach
b. motivate
c. guide
d. mark
e. demonstrate
f.
educate
g. instruct
h. coach
i.
train
j.
explain
k. (accept any other suitable answers)
EXERCISE 8 (Suggested Answer)
Teaching is a noble profession. A teacher is responsible for moulding a student’s
character. Next to parents, a teacher is the closest person to the students. A teacher
motivates and guides students to be more confident and have good moral values.
A teacher’s main job is to educate young people to become successful
individuals. However, a teacher’s job is not confined to the classroom or within the
school compound only. A teacher has to mark exercise books, prepare sets of test
papers and records students’ performance. A lot of these jobs are done at home.
Being a teacher is hard work. Besides teaching, a teacher also performs various
other duties such as counselling, nursing and attending courses and meetings
In conclusion, teaching is the work that comes from the heart and it requires total
commitment and dedication.
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TEXT C
EXERCISE 1
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. D
5. A
EXERCISE 2
1. true
2. false
3. true
4. true
EXERCISE 3
1. A musical entertainment given to an audience by players or singers.
2. An announcement of something for sale.
3. A group of people playing musical instrument.
4. As a choice.
5. Information or familiarity gained by experience.
EXERCISE 4
ACROSS
DOWN
3. brought
19. drew
1. hurt
4. stuck
22. drank
2. chose
7. sang
23. stood
5. understood
8. ate
27. made
6. sat
9. fed
11. heard
10. shook
12. swam
14. sold
13. wrote
15. read
17. went
16. left
20. paid
18. met
21. won
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EXERCISE 5 (Sample Answer)
Born on 26 November 1939, in Pulau Pinang, Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad
Badawi, or more affectionately known as Pak Lah, received his primary and secondary
education in Pulau Pinang.
After graduating with a degree in Islamic Studies from University Malaya in 1964,
he joined the civil service. He entered the field of politics when he became the Member
of Parliament for Kepala Batas in 1978. He served as the Education Minister and
Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi’s long service in the government earned him
respect and fame. In 1999, he was made the Deputy Prime Minister. Finally, on 31
October 2003, he succeeded Dr. Mahathir Mohamad as the fifth Prime Minister of
Malaysia.
As soon as he became the Prime Minister, he introduced new policies and
regulations in the civil service. He also tried to promote unity among the many races in
the country.
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WEEK 10
CURRENT ISSUES
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WEEK
:
10
THEME
:
CURRENT ISSUES
TIME
:
5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES: By the end of this unit, you should be able to:

identify, understand and use; Subject-Verb Agreement correctly in
sentences.

Enrich your vocabulary.

answer questions at knowledge and comprehension level.

write grammatically correct sentences.
WARMER
List 3 current issues that you have read in the newspapers.
Example: Clean toilets
I)_____________________________
ii)_____________________________
iii)____________________________-
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TEXT A
Read the passage below.
Local Bird With No Local Name Found!
There is an interesting little aquatic bird that has no Malay name. According to the
villagers the local name of this bird is Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis). The majority of the
villagers say it is the chick or the young of the “Belibis” or Whistling Teal (Dendrocynia
javanica).
At a distance, the Little Grebe appears like a little duck but on closer examination, it
has a pointed bill. The bird is almost tailless. It does not have webbed feet like ducks too. Each
toe has an independent leaf-like paddle.
The Little Grebe is mostly seen single or in pairs in former mining pools, especially in
the Klang Valley, Paya Indah Wetlands and Batang Berjuntai in Selangor, Malim Nawar and
Kinta Valley in Perak. They are also found in shallow artificial lakes like Timah Tasoh in Perlis.
This little aquatic bird is an excellent swimmer and diver. In fact, it dives some 600 to
1,000 times a day in search of food or plants materials for nest-building. It feeds mainly on
aquatic insects and larvae, fish and frogs.
The relationships of mature pairs are exemplary as they share all the chores of housekeeping and parental care of the young till they fledge.
Adapted from ‘The New Sunday Times April 15, 2007
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MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
EXERCISE 1
Based on the text, complete the following task.
1. The local name for this aquatic bird is L_______ G_______.
2. Describe the bird based on its:a. bill : p________d
b. tail : without___________
c. toes : leaf-like p____________
3. Name the habitat of this bird.
a. F_________ m___________ p_________
b. S___________ a____________ l______
c. W___________
4. The bird is an excellent s_________________ and d___________.
5. The bird eats a_________ i______, l_________, f______ and f______.
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Match the underlined words in the text to their meanings given in the box below.
pointed
artificial
distance
feeds
tailless
former
excellent
chores
1
not very close
2
sharp end
3
without tail
4
existing before
5
man made
6
very good
7
Eats
8
household job that one does regularly
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LANGUAGE AWARENESS
GRAMMAR NOTES
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
A sentence consists of a subject and a verb. The subject may be a noun or a pronoun.
The verb must agree with its subject. When the subject is singular, the verb must be
singular too. ( the singular verb normally ends with an ‘s’ )
Singular Subject
Singular Verb
The bird
has
no Malay name.
The bird
Lives
on insects.
Johan
loves
chocolates.
The student
answers
the questions.
It
Eats
the fish.
She
Completes
the experiment.
He
Concludes
the essays.
When the subject is plural, the verb must be plural as well. (The plural verb normally
does not end with an‘s’).
Plural Subject
Plural Verb
The birds
Have
no Malay names.
The birds
Live
on insects.
Johan and Hannah
Love
chocolates.
The students
answer
the questions.
They
Eat
the fish.
We
Complete
the experiment.
You
Conclude
the essays.
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EXERCISE 3
From the text on the “Little Grebe”, identify the subjects and the verbs.
Write the subjects and the verbs in the table provided. The first one has
been done for you.
Subject
1
bird
Verb
Is
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
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WRITING
EXERCISE 4
Match each subject with the other part of the sentence correctly.
Then write the correct sentences in the space provided.
The first one has been done for you.
1. There
Owes his loyalty to the nation.
2. Neither the boys nor the
shows the most popular documentaries on
girls
3. Everyone in this class
television.
has the courage to ask questions to the
speaker.
4. Someone in the
are many students studying in the library.
neighbourhood
5. Anyone
has to participate in the group project.
6. Both Shawn and Steve
Score the highest mark in every test.
7. Each and every citizen
like to stay at the hostel.
8. The National Geographic
is spying on us.
Channel
9. No one in this hall
is welcomed to attend the talk.
1. There are many students studying in the library.
2. ___________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________________
6. ___________________________________________________________________
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7. ___________________________________________________________________
8. _________________________________________________________________
9. _________________________________________________________________
TEXT B
Read the article below.
Better future for teachers
Promotions, study options in store
PETALING JAYA: More promotions as well as study opportunities are in store for
teachers under an Education Ministry proposal to revamp teacher training.
Education Minister Datuk Seri Hishamuddin Tun Hussein said the ministry was in
final stages of looking into upgrading the two bodies responsible for teacher training –
the Teacher Training Division and Institut Aminuddin Baki (IAB).
This follows a government decision to upgrade all teacher training colleges to
teacher training institutes last year.
“A revamp of teacher training is necessary as we need to look into the roles and
functions of the institutes, the division and IAB in implementing teacher education
programmes,” he said in a statement yesterday.
Hishamudiin added that the ministry would forward a proposal to the Public
Service Department to establish a department within the ministry responsible not only for
teacher education but the development of professionalism among them.
“This move will enable us to strengthen the teaching profession as a whole as it
will create more promotional posts for graduate teachers up to the Jusa C level.”
“It will also create more opportunities for teachers to further their studies at
master’s and PhD levels to fill important positions,” he said.
The ministry has identified the fifth thrust of the National Education Blueprint
2006-2010 – strengthening the teaching profession – as its focus for this month.
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MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
EXERCISE 1
1. Who will be most interested to read the article above?
A. Trainees
B. Teachers
C. Graduates
2. The article above is about
A. training more teachers.
B. implementing pre-school education programmes.
C. creating more promotion and study opportunities for teachers.
3. The word ‘revamp’ can best be replaced with
A. To change or rearrange
B. strengthen
C. identify
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks correctly with the words provided below.
opportunity
revamp
functions
position
responsible
promotion
strengthen
role
identified
necessary
1.
Many workers are qualified for ___________ at the end of the year.
2.
Jeffry was ___________ for the accident last Saturday.
3.
We have to _____________ everything in order to make the working
condition better.
4.
“Don’t forget to bring the ____________ equipment for the outing,” my father
shouted.
5.
A teacher plays an important ___________ in moulding her students.
6.
Several ____________ are being held at the Putra World trade Centre.
7.
I am given the ____________ to present the experiment to the panel.
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8.
“Please be in your ______________ ; the game is about to start,” said the
referee.
9.
The victim ___________ the thief from the photographs.
10.
The graduates meet often so as to __________ their relationship.
WRITING
EXERCISE 3
Write in four sentences how to prepare yourself for further studies. Refer to Text B to
help you. I’ll …
1._________________________________________________________________
2._________________________________________________________________
3._________________________________________________________________
4._________________________________________________________________
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TEXT C
Read the text on mobile phones below.
Mobile phone is an electronic telecommunication device which is also called a cell.
Electromagnetic radio waves are sent to the other station by antennas. Hence, this
technology is called cellular network. In this context, mobiles which are used in this
technology are called cellular phone.
Mobile phones have become essential. Life is very difficult to manage without them.
Mobiles are being used by children, youths and elders alike. They are used in every
corner of the world. Even in developing countries where land-line phones are scarce,
mobile phones are used widely.
Mobile phones offer many functions to the users. Among them are mobile games, text
messaging, video player, online services and breaking news. In Japan, companies
send free text messages to their users about an earthquake and also help to trace the
disaster victims. Someone who has no access to the land-line can easily use the
mobile phones to connect to the modem. Breaking news, whether these are related to
cricket, foot ball or bomb blast all over the world can be sent or received.
However, there are some drawbacks of using the mobile phones. Most of these are
related to its misuse. Firstly, the usage of mobile phones while driving can cause
accidents. Furthermore, unlimited use of mobile phone causes genetic diseases and
even cancer to users. Mobile phones also create disturbance during work so it is
prohibited in libraries, schools, banks, hospitals and in colleges during class. There is
restriction of mobile use in aircrafts too.
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MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
EXERCISE 1
Read the text and answer the following questions.
1. What is another name for mobile phones?
A. Phones
B. Telephone
C. Cellular phones
2. In what way can the mobile phones facilitate communication?
A. Mobile games
B. Video games
C. Breaking news
3. How does the overuse of mobile phones affect the users’ health?
A. Flu
B. Cancer
C. Mumps
4. Mobile phones are not allowed in
i)
libraries
ii)
_____________
iii)
_____________
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WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2:
Read the text again. Using a dictionary, find the meaning of the words listed
below.
word
1
device
2
essential
3
manage
4
youth
5
scarce
6
functions
7
disaster
8
drawbacks
meaning
EXERCISE 3:
Read the text again. Identify all the Subjects and Verbs found in the text. The first
answer has been done for you.
Subject
1
mobile phone
Verb
Is
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
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13
14
15
16
17
18
19
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
GRAMMAR NOTES
Other common rules for Subject-Verb Agreement.
Subject-Verb Agreement Rules
Examples
1. The following words are singular in meaning,
a. No one understands the passage.
so they take singular verbs:
b. Every student works out the sum.
anybody, anyone, each, every, everyone, no
c. None of the statements is true.
one, none, someone, something
2. Units of money, distance and time are
a. Five kilometers is really a long walk.
considerd singular subjects if they come before
b. Twenty minutes is needed to heat the water.
the verb.
c. Ten ringgit is the cost of the apples.
3. Certain nouns end with an ‘s’ but they are
a. Statistics is a challenging subject.
singular in nature. These nouns agree with
b. Aerobics is a form of exercise.
singular verbs.
c. Measles is an infectious disease.
- subjects of study, such as statistics,
mathematics, physics
- activities such as gymnastics, aerobics,
athletics
- diseases such as mumps, measles, diabetes
- nouns such as notes, news, comics
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4. Words indicate many or more than one,
a. Both Halimi and Hamid are absent from the
take plural verbs.
hockey practice.
- both, both …and, several, many, few,
b. Several people participate in the tournament.
others, people
5. If a sentence has a fraction or percentage
a. The quarters of the cake is distributed equally
followed by a noun, the verb agrees with the
to the students.
noun, not the fraction or percentage.
b. About fifty five per cent of the students come
to school by bus.
6. When the following structures are used;
Either…or, neither … nor, not only…, but
also.., the verb must agree with the noun closest
to it.
a. Neither the Director nor his deputies are
available at the office.
b. Not only the airline industry but also the
construction industry is hard hit by the
economic depression.
EXERCISE 4
Underline the correct verb so that it agrees with the subject in each of the
sentences below.
1. My student (is, are) a hardworking student.
2. The girls (is, are) preparing for the performance.
3. Shanthi (has, have) to sit for the test.
4. I (teach, teaches) Mathematics as well as Living Skills.
5. Elephants (is, are ) mammals.
6. “I (has, have) some questions,” said Sheilla
7. The Form 3 Wira students (arrives, arrive) very late at the laboratory.
8. Armi, Rashid and Yahya (wear, wears) glasses.
9. Nurul Huda (are, is) not satisfied with her present performance in the class.
10. The competition (is, are) one of the many events organized by the Hobby Club.
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EXERCISE 5
Choose the correct form of verb in the brackets.
1. Some people in Africa _________ too little to eat. (have, has)
2. A number of trees _________ hit by lightning. (was, were)
3. Running ten kilometres a day __________ very healthy. (is, are)
4. The number of accidents __________ increasing. (is, are)
5. The Chinese _________ in many countries besides China (lives, live)
6. Several people __________ working in the office. (is, are)
EXERCISE 6
Change the sentences into plural.
1. A terrapin has sharp teeth to cut food.
_________________________________________________________
2. An octopus moves by waving its tentacles strongly through water.
_________________________________________________________
3. A rabbit lives underground.
_________________________________________________________
4. A wild orchid grows on trees.
_________________________________________________________
5. Minah’s daughter dances very well
_________________________________________________________
6. My student loves to come for the activity.
___________________________________________________________
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WRITING
EXERCISE 7
Write down three advantages of owning a mobile phone.
1._____________________________________________________________________
2._____________________________________________________________________
3._____________________________________________________________________
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ANSWER KEY
WARMER
i)
National Service
ii)
Global Warming
iii)
Deforestation
iv)
Floods
v)
Drug Abuse
TEXT A
EXERCISE 1
1) Little Grebe
2) a) pointed
b) without a tail/tailless
c) leaf-like paddle
3) former mining pools, shallow artificial lakes, and wetlands
4) swimmer and diver
5) aquatics insects, larvae, fish, frogs
EXERCISE 2
1.distance
2.pointed
3.tailless
4.former
5.artificial
6.excellent
7.feeds
8.chores
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EXERCISE 3
Subject
Verb
1
bird
Is
2
the villagers
say
3
the Little Grebe
appears
4
it
has
5
it
does
6
each toe
has
7
the Little Grebe
Is
8
they
are
9
aquatic
Is
10
it
dives
11
it
feeds
12
mature pairs
are
13
they
share
14
they
pledge
EXERCISE 4
1. There are many students studying in the library.
2. Neither the boys nor the girls like to stay at the hostel
3. Everyone in his class has to participate in the group project.
4. Someone in the neighbourhood is spying on us.
5. Anyone is welcomed to attend the talk.
6. Both Shawn and Steve score the highest marks in every test.
7. Each and every citizen owes his loyalty to the nation.
8. The National Geographic Channel shows the most popular documentary on
animals.
9. No one in this hall has the courage to ask questions to the speaker.
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TEXT B
EXERCISE 1
1. B
2. C
3. A
EXERCISE 2
1. promotion
2. responsible
3. revamp
4. necessary
5. role
6. functions
7. opportunity
8. position
9. identified
10. strengthen
EXERCISE 3
1. read research journals
2. read books on research
3. improve my English Language
4. upgrade my ICT skills
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TEXT C
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
EXERCISE 1
Read the text and answer the following questions.
1.C
2.C
3.B
4. i) banks
ii) colleges
iii) hospitals
iv) (Accept any two answers)
EXERCISE 2
piece of equipment
necessary
organise / control
young people
almost not available
uses
unfortunate event
disadvantages
EXERCISE 3
Subject
Verb
mobile phone
Is
electromagnetic radio
Are
waves
This technology
Is
mobiles
Are
mobile phone
Is
developing countries
Are
mobile phones
Are
mobile phones
Offer
companies
Send
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someone
Is
it
Occurs
these
Are
there
Are
most of them
Are
unlimited use of mobile
Causes
phone
mobile phones
Create
it
Is
there
Is
EXERCISE 4
1. is.
2. are
3. has
4. teach
5. are
6. have
7. arrive
8. wear
9. is
10. is
EXERCISE 5
1. have
2. were
3. is
4. is
5. live
6. are
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EXERCISE 6
1. Terrapins have sharp teeth to cut food.
2. Octopuses move by waving their tentacles strongly through water.
3. Rabbits live underground.
4. Wild orchids grow on trees.
5. Minah’s daughters dance very well.
6 My students love to come for the activities.
EXERCISE 7
1. Makes communication easier
2. Increase the frequency of communication
3. Makes information accessible.
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WEEK 11
HEALTH
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WEEK
:
11
THEME
:
HEALTH
TIME
:
5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES: By the end of the unit, you should be able to:

identify, understand and use: modals or auxiliary verbs correctly in sentences

develop reading skills

understand and identify main ideas and supporting details

enrich your vocabulary

find meaning of words read based on contextual clues

transfer information from linear to non-linear text

use a dictionary as an aid to improve comprehension of texts
WARMER
Fill in the table with suitable answers:
FOOD GROUP
Carbohydrate-
Examples of food
Rice
ProteinVitaminFibre-
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TEXT A
Read the text
THE IMPORTANCE OF MAINTAINING GOOD HEALTH
Most of us know that good nutrition is essential in helping us to stay healthy.
Finding time to eat a balanced diet on a daily basis seems a difficult task in our busy
society today. One of the fundamentals of staying healthy is proper nutrition.
To maintain a healthy lifestyle, we must be careful of what we eat. By following
the Food Pyramid, people become aware of the basic serving sizes of each food group
that they need every day. Our diet must contain all essential food groups that include
carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals and fibre. Besides eating a variety of foods,
we must choose a diet low in salt, sugar, saturated fat and cholesterol and increase our
intake of fruits, vegetables and grains. We must drink at least eight glasses of water per
day to replace the lost body fluids. However, we must make sure that the water
consumed is clean and filtered to avoid contamination.
What we eat affects our lifestyle. For example, inadequate nutrition can affect a
child’s physical and mental development. On the other hand, overeating can lead to
serious health risks and obesity.
Physical activity is another important component of maintaining good health.
Physical activity is any aerobic activity done three or four times a week. Exercise can be
walking, jogging, swimming, cycling or playing games and sports. Exercising can
increase metabolism and stamina and help develop strong bones and muscles.
Exercising has physical advantages as well as psychological benefits. Physically,
exercising increases lean muscle mass and decreases fatty tissue. Psychologically, it
gives people more confidence and a positive body image.
Adapted from FOCUS Mastery in English Oxford Fajar
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MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
EXERCISE 1
Complete the exercise
1. What can help us to stay healthy? (paragraph 1)
____________________________________________________________________
2. What is the essential food group mentioned in the text? (paragraph 2)
____________________________________________________________________
3. What causes obesity? (paragraph 3)
____________________________________________________________________
4. What are two benefits of physical activity? (paragraph 4/5)
____________________________________________________________________
5. What are two psychological advantages of exercising? (paragraph 5)
____________________________________________________________________
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Find words in the passage that match the meanings given below. Tick ( ∕ ) the
correct words. Use the dictionary if necessary.
No
1.
Meanings
The process of giving or getting the right kind of food for
good health.
2.
To eat or drink something
3.
The condition of being too fat
4.
The chemical activity in your body that uses food to
produce the energy to work and grow.
5.
To bring advantages to someone
Words
diet
Tick
nutrition
balanced
maintain
contain
consumed
mental
physical
obesity
component
metabolism
stamina
benefits
image
tissue
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LANGUAGE AWARENESS
Modals
Modals
1.
Can
Functions/Usage
To express the ability of a
living or non-living thing
Most birds can fly except
penguin.
To give or refuse permission
They can have breakfast
now
You cannot tell her the
secret.
Can you help me carry this
table?
To make a request
2.
Examples
Could
To express possibility
Mother could have waited
for us
May/might
To express possibility
I may buy a present for
Linda
We might go for a picnic
today
To give or ask permission
May I borrow your car?
You may leave now.
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EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks with can, cannot, may or may not to make meaningful sentences.
1. Too much rain ……………… cause floods in low-lying areas.
2. It is too noisy that we …………………….. hear the announcements.
3. He is very angry that he ……………….. join us for dinner.
4. “Do you think you ……………. keep a secret?” asked Fatimah.
5. It is already 3.00pm. He ……………… come for the lesson.
6. The camel ………………….. travel for days without drinking water.
7. You ……….. write to us at this address or send an email.
8. She must stay in the hospital. The doctor says she ……………… have dengue.
9. I am afraid I ……………….. make any changes because the date of the competition
has been fixed.
10. Pak Musa ………………… be thin, but he is very healthy.
EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks with the correct modals.
Joe
: I don’t feel well. My head is heavy and I feel cold.
Doctor: Hmm, you have a fever. Your temperature is quite high. You (1) __________
drink a lot of water and stay in bed. No oily food or running about, understand?
Joe
: No! I (2) ______________ do that. I have a very important examination
tomorrow. I (3) ____________ go to school. I can’t afford to miss that exam.
Doctor: But you (4) ______________ go to school like this.
Joe
: Is there any medicine that can reduce or control my fever for one day?
Doctor: In that case, I will give you this medicine. You (5) _____________to take it
according to the instructions given. It is dangerous if you take more than that.
Joe
: Okay, I will follow your instructions closely. Thank you, Doctor.
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EXERCISE 5
Make your own sentences using the given modals.
Example
Good nutrition – help – us – to – stay healthy. (can)
Good nutrition can help us to stay healthy.
1.
We - drink – least - eight glasses - water per day. (should)
__________________________________________________
2.
Exercising – gives - people - more confidence - a positive body
image. (may)
__________________________________________________
3.
Cycling - playing games - help you – keep fit ( may )
__________________________________________________
4.
Our diet - have all the essential food groups. (should)
__________________________________________________
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WRITING
EXERCISE 6
A. Refer to the text and suggest five ways to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
5. We
may…………
………………
………….
1. We
should………
…..
2.We
must…………
……………..
HEALTHY
LIFESTYLE
3. We
can……………
………………
………………
……
4. We may
………………
………………
………………
B. Rewrite the answers above in a paragraph.
We___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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TEXT B
Read the text below.
Mr. Kamarul is a Sports teacher. Some students in the school are taking part in the
junior category of a half-marathon race. He is giving the participants some advice
several days before the race.
All of you can do well in the race if you follow my instructions. Who
knows, you may win a prize.
The night before the race, all of you must get a good night’s sleep.
You mustn’t stay up late into the night!
You should get up early on race day so that you have enough time
to eat a full breakfast. You shouldn’t eat spicy and oily food. After breakfast, you will
need at least an hour for the food to digest before the run.
In our hot weather, you will sweat a lot, so you must drink plenty of
water one hour before the race. This will prevent you from getting tired or thirsty too fast.
All runners must do some warm-up and stretching exercises before
the race. You should stretch all the muscles from head to toe. Will all of you pay
attention?
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
EXERCISE 1
Answer the following questions
1. Who is Mr Kamarul?
2. What are Mr Kamarul’s advices to the students? List four of them.
a. __________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________
c. __________________________________________________
d. __________________________________________________
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WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Match the words given with those in box B
1. prevent -
2. digest -
3. instructions -
4. stretching -
5. muscles -
BOX B

one of the pieces of flesh inside your body

to process the food in the stomach

to put out your hand and foot in order to reach out

to stop

to tell someone what to do
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LANGUAGE AWARENESS
Grammar Notes
Modals or auxiliary verbs are used with another verb to express possibility,
permission, obligation, determination, refusal, etc. Can, could, will, would, must,
might, may, shall, should are all termed ‘modals’.
Modals
Functions/Usage
Examples
Will, Would
Could, can
To ask for assistance
To ask polite questions
Will you please open the door?
Would you please open the door?
Could you please carry the table?
Can you please carry the table?
Have to,
Must
need
To express necessity
I have to study tonight
She must go to the clinic today.
Should,
Ought to
To express advice
You are tired, you should take a rest.
Your dress is dirty, you ought to wash it.
EXERCISE 3
Respond to the following situations using the words in brackets.
Example: I can’t find my ticket. (must, drop)
You must have dropped it.
1. John did not come to school today. (He, must, miss the bus)
____________________________________________________________________
2. Look at his new expensive gold chain. (He, couldn’t, buy it himself)
____________________________________________________________________
3. Why is Fadilah late for her computer class?
(She, might, oversleep)
____________________________________________________________________
4. I can’t find my Science report. (You, must, forget-bring)
____________________________________________________________________
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5. Siti has to stay back after school work. (She, couldn’t, finish)
____________________________________________________________________
6. Do you know Alias got the highest marks in Chemistry? (He, must, study hard)
____________________________________________________________________
7. Where is my umbrella? (You, could, leave it on the train)
____________________________________________________________________
8. Who finished the chocolate cake? (He, might, eat it)
____________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 4
Rewrite the following sentences using ‘may’.
Example:
Could I use your computer?
May I use your computer?
1. Could I possibly get a lift?
____________________________________________________________________
2. Do you mind lending me your bicycle?
____________________________________________________________________
3. I would like to speak to the teacher.
____________________________________________________________________
4. Could I have your permission to go out?
____________________________________________________________________
5. I would like to see the Principal.
____________________________________________________________________
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EXERCISE 5
Read the extract from the text below and underline all the modals.
The night before the race, all of you must get a good night’s sleep. You mustn’t stay up
late into the night! You should get up early on race day so that you have enough time to
eat a full breakfast. You shouldn’t eat spicy and oily food. After breakfast, you will need
at least an hour for the food to digest before the run. In our hot weather, you will sweat a
lot, so you must drink plenty of water one hour before the race. This will prevent you
from getting tired or thirsty too fast.
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WRITING
EXERCISE 6
Using all the notes given below, write out the steps you can take to manage
stress.

Always plan ahead

Schedule your time for work and family

Reduce your stress with some form of physical activity

Get involved in activities so that you can meet people

When you have problem, always talk to someone about it

Learn to laugh
Write the steps in not more than 100 words. You may begin as follows.
There are many ways in managing stress. Firstly you should……………………………
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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TEXT C
Read the following text
Down’s Syndrome
Down’s syndrome is a chromosomal disorder. Instead of having 46 chromosomes in
each cell, a person with Down’s syndrome has 47 chromosomes. Down’s syndrome is
not a sickness, nor is it infectious. It is an abnormal condition that cannot be treated.
Down’s syndrome occurs in families from all races, social classes, religious and
cultural backgrounds. It is an accident of nature. It is not the result of what a woman
does during her pregnancy. However a woman’s chance of having a Down’s syndrome
increases with age, especially after 35.
Babies with Down’s syndrome share some special physical characteristics:
 Eyes that slant upwards and outwards
 A somewhat flat face with a flat nasal bridge
 Poor muscle tone which results in floppiness
 A smaller mouth cavity
Children with Down’s syndrome are likely to develop more slowly, mentally and
physically. Most of them have some learning disabilities. However like normal children
they vary in ability.
A child with Down’s syndrome can enjoy a healthy life. Nevertheless, there are
certain medical conditions which include heart problems, hearing and visual problems,
thyroid disease, chest and sinus infections.
(Adapted from KBSM English 2005)
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
EXERCISE 1
1. How many chromosomes does a normal person have?
____________________________________________________________________
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2. At what age does a woman’s chance of having a Down’s syndrome baby increase
rapidly ?
____________________________________________________________________
3. Give two physical characteristics of a baby with Down’s syndrome.
i.___________________________________________________________________
ii. __________________________________________________________________
4. How does a child with Down’s syndrome develop?
____________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2
Complete the graphic organizer below using information from the text above:
Mental Development
1. _________________
2. __________________
Medical condition
1_____________
Physical characteristics
1. _____________
2_____________
2. _____________
DOWN’S SYNDROME
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WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 3
Match the words from the text in column B with the meanings given in column A
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
MEANING
WORDS
1. differ
disability
2. able to pass from one person to another.
Chromosome
3. a typical feature or quality that
something has .
vary
4. lack of something that makes learning
difficult.
infectious
5. a tiny part in an animal or human cell
that carries genetic information.
characteristics
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LANGUAGE AWARENESS
EXERCISE 4
The following are some telephone phone conversations. Complete the dialogues.
1.
Hello. Is Daud
there?
Hello?
Yes, he is
May I ………..
………………..
……………..
Yes, you may
Just a minute.
I’ll get him
Hello
Hello, Can I………………to
Munah?
2.
She’s not at home
right now. Would you
______________ a
message?
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Certainly. Just a minute. I
have to get a pen.
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EXERCISE 5
Read and understand the situation carefully. Write your answers with the help of
the words given in the brackets.
Example:
You need an eraser. You ask your friend. (borrow)
May I borrow your eraser?
1. You are a sales assistant. A lady looks unsure. You ask her.
_____________________________________________________________? (help)
2. You knock on your friend’s door and ask permission.
_____________________________________________________________.? (come)
3. You want to play football. Ask permission from your mother.
_______________________________________________________________?( play)
4. You have lost your way to the post office. Ask for the direction .
___________________________________________________________? (show me)
5. You ask you friend to help you with your homework.
______________________________________________________________? (help)
EXERCISE 6
Fill in the blanks with the correct modals.
Mr Tan
Hazman
Chong
Azman
Mr.Tan
Chong
: I think it is important for all the residents of Taman Permata to do
something to make this place a clean and safe housing area.
: What ________________ we do to help?
: The first thing we _______________do is to clean the drains.
There is too much rubbish in them.
__________________ you get some help from the Town
Council please?
: Yes, I will.
: Thank you. Next, I think we need to cut the tall grass along the road.
There _______________. be snakes in the bushes.
: But first we _______________ cut the grass. Some grass ____________
fall into the drains.
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WRITING
EXERCISE 7
You and your friends are going to have a ‘gotong-royong’ to spring-clean the
staffroom. As the staff club chairman, you inform the teachers of their duties. Use
modals to describe what you have planned to do. You may use the notes below to
help you write.
General Plan
Should – divide - into - groups.
Can- complete – two hours – must – start – 8.00 a.m
Group 1
Will – paint – walls - must – roller – brushes – gloves
Group 2
Repair- furniture – must bring hammers, nails and pliers
Group 3
Clean – window panes - fans – lights – must bring along cloth, pails and soap powder.
You may start your briefing with:
Good morning everyone, to start our ‘gotong-royong’, we should _________________.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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ANSWER KEY:
WARMER:
Carbohydrate – rice, bread, noodles, pasta, spaghetti
Protein – egg, chicken, beef, beans, mutton
Vitamins – vegetables, fruits, grains, enriched bread
Fibre – fruits, lentils, fruits, vegetables
TEXT A:
EXERCISE 1
1. By referring to the Food Pyramid and the Dietary Guideline
2. The essential food groups include carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals and
fibre.
3. Overeating and consuming high calorie food can cause obesity.
4. a. it can increase one’s metabolism and stamina.
b. it helps develop strong bones and muscles and lower risks of cardiovascular
diseases.
5. a. Exercising gives people more self confidence
b. Exercising gives people positive body images and boosts self-esteem.
EXERCISE 2
1. Nutrition
2. consumed
3. obesity
4. metabolism
5. benefits
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EXERCISE 3
1. can/may
2. cannot
3. might/may not
4. can
5. may not
6. can
7. can/may
8. may
9. cannot
10. may
EXERCISE 4
1. must
2. can’t
3. must
4. shouldn’t
5. have
EXERCISE 5
1. We should drink at least eight glasses of water per day.
2. Exercising may give people more confidence and a positive body image
3. Cycling and playing games may help you to keep fit.
4. Our diet should have all the essential food groups.
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EXERCISE 6
A
1. We should exercise regularly
2. We must have enough sleep
3. We can stay healthy by eating balanced food
4. We may be able to drink a lot of water
5. We may take yearly medical check-up
And Other Relevant Answers
B
We should exercise regularly. We must have enough sleep. We can stay healthy by
eating balanced food. We may be able to drink a lot of water. We may take yearly
medical check-up.
TEXT B
EXERCISE 1
1. Mr Kamarul is a sports teacher.
2. a.
Get up early on the race day
b.
Get a good night sleep before the race
c.
You should not eat spicy and oily food.
d.
You must drink plenty of water.
And Other Relevant Answers
EXERCISE 2:
1. to stop
2. to process the food in the stomach
3. to tell someone what to do
4. to put out your hand and foot in order to reach out
5. one of the pieces of flesh inside your body
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EXERCISE 3
1. He must have missed the bus.
2. He couldn’t have bought it himself.
3. She might have overslept.
4. You must have forgotten to bring it
5. She couldn’t have finished it.
6. He must have studied hard.
7. You could have left it on the train.
8. He might have eaten it.
EXERCISE 4
1. May I get a lift?
2. May I borrow your bicycle?
3. May I speak to the teacher, please?
4. May I go out?
5. May I see the principal?
EXERCISE 5
The night before the race, all of you must get a good night’s sleep. You mustn’t stay upl
late into the night! You should get up early on race day so that you have enough time to
eat a full breakfast. You shouldn’t eat spicy and oily food. After breakfast, you will need
at least an hour for the food to digest before the run. In our hot weather, you will sweat a
lot, so you must drink plenty of water one hour before the race. This will prevent you
from getting tired or thirsty too fast.
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EXERCISE 6
Suggested answer:
There are many ways in managing stress. Firstly, you should always plan ahead. Try to
schedule your time for work and family. In this way you would have enough time for both
your family as well as work. You can also reduce stress with some physical activity such
as jogging and swimming.
To make sure you do not have stress you may also try to get involved in activities where
you can meet people. By talking and meeting people you can talk about your problem
and even to solve them. Finally you should learn to laugh. After all laughter is the best
medicine.
TEXT C
EXERCISE 1
1. 46 chromosomes
2.
after 35
3. a. eyes that slant upwards and outwards
b. a flat face with a flat nasal bridge
c. poor muscle tone which results in floppiness
d. a smaller mouth cavity (any two)
4. He/She develops slowly, mentally and physically
EXERCISE 2
Mental Development:
1. slow
2. learning disabilities
Medical Condition:
1. heart problems
2. hearing and visual problems
Physical Characteristics:
1. Eyes that slant upwards and outwards
2. A smaller mouth cavity
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EXERCISE 3:
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
MEANING
WORDS
1. differ
vary
2. able to pass from one person to another.
infectious
3. a typical feature or quality that
something has .
characteristics
4. lack of something that makes learning
difficult.
disability
5. a tiny part in an animal or human cell
that carries genetic information.
Chromosome
EXERCISE 4
__________ speak to him?
__________ speak
Like to leave
EXERCISE 5
1.
Madam, can I help you?
2.
May I come in?/ Can I come in, please?
3.
Can I play football?/Mum, May I play football?
4.
Can/Could you show me the direction/way to the Post Office, please?
5.
Can you help me with my homework, please?
EXERCISE 6
Can
Can
Could
May
Must
Must
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EXERCISE 7
WRITING
Suggested answer
Good morning everyone. To start our gotong-royong, we should divide ourselves into
three groups. In the groups we can do several tasks and we can complete the work in
two hours. We must all start at 8.00 am. The first group will paint the walls. We must use
rollers and brushes to paint them. We must use gloves to protect our hands from the
paint. The second group will repair the furniture. We must bring hammers, nails and
pliers. Lastly, the third group will clean the window panes, fans and lights. We must bring
along cloth, pails and soap powder to do the cleaning.
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WEEK 12
ENVIRONMENT
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WEEK
:
12
THEME
:
ENVIRONMENT
TIME
:
5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES : By the end of this unit, you should be able to:

develop reading sub-skills

enrich your vocabulary

use the dictionary as an aid to reading comprehension

answer questions at knowledge and comprehensive level

use correct grammar in sentences and paragraphs

understanding, identify and use verbs and tenses

write grammatically correct sentences

generate and organize ideas using specific techniques

develop a paragraph with a focused and specific main idea
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WARMER
Rearrange the jumbled up letters to form meaningful words related to the given
topics.
Effects of pollution to human:
mastha
dofol
diac nair
(A type of illness)
(Effect of too much rain)
(Rain that destroys
plants)
ghroudt
ityhmudi
(Dry season)
(The measurement of how
much water there is in
the rain.
ezah
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( Too much air pollutants)
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TEXT A
Read the text carefully.
MAN AND ENVIRONMENT
1
Good morning teachers and friends. I am happy to be given this opportunity
to speak to you today. It is known that the trees around us are being cut down at an
alarming rate.
Houses and factories are built and forests are cleared for this.
5
With more factories, the area is polluted by the waste products and smoke. When
trees are cut down, the oxygen level decreases. People suffer from asthma,
breathing difficulties, coughs and colds. It is also hotter now because there is no
shade from the trees.
The cutting down of trees has led to the loss of natural habitat for the
10
animals in the forests. They eventually die because they lose their source of food
and shelter. Some even migrate to the towns and are killed because they threaten
man.
Thus, the government has started tree replanting programmes
and imposed stricter laws on the cutting down of trees. We also have to play our
15
part to plant more trees around us so that our future generations can benefit.
Thank you.
( Adapted from, Eksplorasi English Form 2, Fajar Bakti (2004))
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MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
EXERCISE 1
Answer the following questions.
1. This passage is a
A. letter
B.
story
C.
report
D.
speech
2. The passage is about
3.
A.
the effects of pollution
B.
the effects of a lack of oxygen
C.
a report on environment
D.
the effects of the rapid cutting down of trees
Air pollution causes
A.
breathing problems
B.
cold weather
C.
hot weather
D.
forest fires
4. Which is not an effect of deforestation?
A. The weather is hotter
B. The animals are killed
C. There are more forest fires
D. The oxygen level decreases
5. The word this in paragraph 2 refers to
A. the cutting down of trees
B. air and water pollution
C. the extinction of wild animals
D. the building of houses and factories
6.
How can we help to stop the ill-effects of deforestation?
A. Chase away the animals
B. Cut down more trees
C. Plant more trees
D. Kill the animals
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WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Replace the underlined words with the meanings available in the box.
gain
move
glad
finally
becomes lesser
1. I am happy to be given this opportunity to speak to you today (Line 1)
Answer : ___________________
2. When the trees are cut down the oxygen level decreases. (Line 6)
Answer : ___________________
3. Animals eventually die because they lose their source of food and shelter.
(Line 9)
Answer : ___________________
4. Some animals even migrate to the towns and are killed because they
threaten man. (Line 10)
Answer : ___________________
5. We have to play our part by planting more trees around us so that our future
generation can benefit from it. (Line 14)
Answer : ___________________
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LANGUAGE AWARENESS
VERB-TO-BE

It consists of “am”, “is”, “are”, “was” and “were”.

The base form is “be”; the progressive form is “being”; and the participle form
is “been”.

Functions :
o
The verb “to be” has two main functions: as the main verb and as the
helping verb.
o
As a helping verb, it functions to indicate progressive tenses and passive
sentences.
1. Verb “to be” as main verb.
Depending on the subject and the tense, the verb “to be” changes its form into
“am”, “is”, “are”, “was” “were” or “been”.
Thus, we have:
1.
I am a teacher.
2.
He was our guest speaker last year.
3.
He is good at English.
4.
They are in the room now.
In this case, the verb “to be” functions as the main verb.
2. Verb “to be” as helping verb.
i. Verb “to be” indicates progressive tense (continuous tense). Thus we
have:
1.
He is learning English.
2.
She is being childish now!
3.
They are cooking for the party tonight.
4.
She was sleeping when I dropped by yesterday.
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VERB-TO-BE
Subject
Present Tense
Past Tense
is
Was
am
Was
are
Were
Singular
He
She
It
Salleh
I
Plural
You
We
They
The girls
EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks with ‘am’, ‘is’ and ‘are’.
1.Neither she nor I ______ going to the concert.
2.Either she or they ________to take the things to your house afterwards.
3.Too much salt _______ bad for you for it will give you high blood pressure.
4.The town council ________ proposing a law to make every house owner pay
extra tax. I think everyone will object.
5.The children _________ going to get the best opportunities in life.
6.Every man and every woman __________ to help to make this scheme a
success.
7.He can never give up politics because politics _________ in his blood.
8.The policemen ________ setting up road blocks everywhere to catch the
robbers.
9.There ________ a number of chairs in the canteen. You can take one of them.
10.The owner of the three houses ___________ not here today.
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EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks with ‘was’ or ‘were’.
1.
The prices of the things he bought _________ very high.
2.
Every boy and every girl in the school __________ asked to help in
the concert last month.
3.
Neither he nor I __________ wrong in this matter. So, do not blame
either of us.
4.
Not only his friends but also his enemies __________ praising him for
his honesty at a ceremony two years ago.
5.
There __________ very little variety in the food they served in the
canteen.
6.
The crew and passengers ____________ treated to dinner when they
landed on the island.
7.
His family ___________ always eating durians when they visited their
grandparents in the village.
8.
The class ___________ quietly doing their work when the teacher
went to the office.
9.
“The Beautiful Garden” ____________ written by a Malaysian author
three years ago.
10.
The people ___________ busy selling ‘ keropok’.
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with the correct ‘verb-to-be’.
My mother __________ (1) very keen
in knitting. A few months ago, I found myself interested in it
too. This made my mother very happy. At first I
__________ (2) rather disappointed because I could not
knit well. I did everything my mother asked me to do
although my stitches __________ (3) not neat.
Why couldn’t I knit as well as my mother? I practised
everyday and slowly improved. After a long time, I __________ (4)
able to knit quite well and even managed to make a scarf.
Now, I __________ (5) almost as good as my mother at knitting.
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TEXT B
Read the dialogue carefully.
OZONE LAYER
Two friends, Terry and Mary, are discussing the weather
Terry :
The weather last night was terrible. It was hot! I had the fan on full and
1
still my whole body was damp with sweat. I have never experienced
humid weather such as this before.
Mary :
It must be due to the Greenhouse effect.
Terry :
The Greenhouse effect? What’s that?
5
Mary : It’s the warming up of the world because of the reduction in the ozone
layer.
Terry :
What’s the ozone layer?
Mary : The earth is protected by a type of gas called ozone. This ozone layer
protects us by filtering out the harmful ultra-violet rays of the sun. Many
10
things have caused this protective layer to become thinner and thinner.
As a result, the earth is becoming warmer.
Terry :
What is causing this ozone layer to disappear?
Mary :
Well, for one thing, it is pollution. Pollutants from factories, exhaust
fumes from motor vehicles, the use of chlorofluorocarbons in spray
15
cans and refrigerators and carbon dioxide from the burning of coal in
temperate countries to keep warm have all contributed to the
reduction in the ozone layer. In fact, scientists have found a big hole in
the ozone layer over both the North and the South Poles.
Terry :
Whew! That’s sound very scientific and complicated. I wonder how you
20
keep such information in your head. No wonder you are the top student
in science! About the thin ozone layer, surely it’s not that bad? It only
causes the weather to become hotter.
Mary
That’s where you’re wrong. When the weather is too hot, plants cannot
grow and people will die without food. Besides, the higher temperatures
25
will melt the ice at the Poles, thus, the sea level will rise. Many low-lying
areas in countries such as Bangladesh, China, Pakistan, Thailand,
Burma, the Philippines and Indonesia will be flooded.
Terry
I didn’t know the Greenhouse effect could cause such destruction. I’d
30
better stop burning the rubbish in my garden.
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EXERCISE 1
Answer the following questions.
1.
What did Terry complain about? (Line 1)
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2.
What is the Greenhouse effect? (Line 6, Line 11)
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3.
How is the ozone layer helpful? (Line 9-10)
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
4. State one factor which is responsible for the thinning of the ozone layer.
(Line 14-18)
__________________________________________________________
5. Terry decided not to burn rubbish.
How will his decision effect the
environment?
Answer:
By not burning the _____________, Terry is not polluting
the ______________________. Thus, it will not worsen the Greenhouse
____________.
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WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Find out the word from the dialogue that means the same as the word
underlined. You may use the dictionary to help you.
1. The weather is warm as it has not been raining for the past few months.
(line 3)
________________________________________
2. The public needs to be aware of the decreasing of the ozone layer.
(line 6) ________________________________________
3. We need to dispose of the garbage properly in order to keep our
environment clean.
(line 14) ________________________________________
4. We could not answer the test questions as they were very difficult.
(line 20) ________________________________________
5. The water level in the dam will increase if the rain falls continuously for
another three days.
(line 26) ________________________________________
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
Present Continuous Tense
We use the Present Continuous (Progressive) when we talk about something
which is happening at the moment of speaking.
Present Continuous (Progressive)
Past
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Present
Future
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Functions :
1) To show actions happening at the moment of speaking
Peter is reading a book now.
2) To show fixed plan in the near future
She is going to London on Saturday.
3) To show temporary actions
His father is working in Rome this month.
4) To show actions happening around the moment of speaking (longer
actions)
My friend is preparing for his exams.
5) To show trends
More and more people are using their computers to listen to music.
6) To show repeated actions (with the word “always”, “constantly”, “forever”)
Andrew is always playing football after school.
Form
:
to be
(am, are, is) + infinitive + -ing
Examples :
Affirmative sentences:
He is coming home today.
They are coming home today.
Negative sentences:
He is not coming home today.
They are not coming home today.
Questions:
Is he coming home today?
Are they coming home today?
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Past Progressive
We use the Past Progressive when we talk about something which was
happening around a period of time in the past.
Present Continuous (Progressive)
Past
Present
Future
We use the Past Progressive together with the Simple Past. The Past
Progressive is used for the action in the past which was in progress when a new
action (Simple Past) happened.
Present Continuous (Progressive)
Past
Present
Future
Two actions which were in progress in the past do not influence each other.
Present Continuous (Progressive)
Past
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Present
Future
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Functions :
1) actions were in progress at special time in the past
Peter was reading a book yesterday evening.
2) two actions were happening at the same time (the actions do not
influence each other)
Anne was writing a letter while Steve was reading the New York Times.
3) together with the Simple Past
While we were sitting at the breakfast table, the telephone rang.
4) repeated actions irritating the speaker (with always, constantly, forever)
Andrew was always playing football after school.
Signal words : while, when
Form
: to be
(was, were) + infinitive + -ing
Examples :
Affirmative sentences:
He was coming home today.
They were coming home today.
Negative sentences:
He was not coming home today.
They were not coming home today.
Questions:
Was he coming home today?
Were they coming home today?
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PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Subject
Present Tense
Verb
Singular
He
Is
She
It
singing.
Salleh
I
reading.
Am
writing.
driving.
Plural
studying.
You
We
eating.
Are
They
Children
The girls
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PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Subject
Past Tense
Verb
Singular
He
Was
She
It
singing.
Salleh
I
reading.
Was
writing.
driving.
Plural
studying.
You
We
eating.
Were
They
Children
The girls
EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks with ‘am’, ‘is’ or ‘are’.
1. He ______ doing his homework with his friends in the library.
2. We ________ learning English from Mrs. Gan everyday.
3. I _______ baking a cake for my mother’s 80th birthday.
4. They _______ singing songs happily at the school hall.
5. The children ______ playing football outside the house with their neighbours.
6. Ten little ducks ______ swimming in the pond at the park.
7. Siti and Ani _______ watching television in the living room.
8. Mother ________ cooking chicken curry in the kitchen for lunch.
9. Lily ______ reading a horror book in his room.
10. The cat ______ sleeping soundly under the bed in my room.
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EXERCISE 4
For each question, choose the best answer from the options A to D.
1. Sanjay _______________ football with his friends when the accident happened.
(A)
play
(B)
plays
(C)
are playing
(D)
was playing
2. Puan Zalifah ______________ English in this school.
(A)
is teaching
(B)
teach
(C)
are teaching
(D)
taught
3. She ___________ ___ to my mother to buy the new cook book now.
(A)
suggest
(B)
is suggesting
(C)
suggested
(D)
are suggesting
4. I ______________ the clothes yesterday when my friend came to my house.
(A)
washed
(B)
are washing
(C)
washes
(D)
was washing
5. I ______________this picture when the telephone rang.
(A)
draws
(B)
drew
(C)
was drawing
(D)
am drawing
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6. We ______________ coffee this morning when my father called me.
(A)
drink
(B)
were drinking
(C)
are drinking
(D)
drank
7. Ali ______________to a big crowd at the concert last night.
8.
9.
10.
(A)
sing
(B)
is singing
(C)
was singing
(D)
sang
Rajesh ______________ this picture now.
(A)
painted
(B)
is painting
(C)
are painting
(D)
paint
The strong wind ______________down the posters.
(A)
is blowing
(B)
are blowing
(C)
blew
(D)
blow
When night falls, the crickets ______________ a lot of noise.
(A)
makes
(B)
is making
(C)
made
(D)
make
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EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with correct present continuous tense.
1.
The children _____________________ (play) in the field. Why don’t you join them?
2.
Water _____________________ (leak) from the tap. You need to get it repaired.
3.
Mr. and Mrs. Leow _____________________ (stay) in Singapore. They have been
there since 1988.
4.
All the students _____________________ (attend) a seminar in the hall now.
5.
Everyone _____________________ (hand) in the assignment. Why aren’t you?
6.
The panel of jury _____________________ (decide) the verdict of the case.
7. Neither Jackson nor his siblings _____________________ (take) part in the concert.
8. Either Bernard or you _____________________ (go) for the fund raising.
9.
Beckham
______________________
(play)
football
at
the
moment.
10.
Look! Mandy and Susan ______________________ (watch) the concert now.
11. My mother ______________________ (prepare) dinner at 7 o'clock.
12. Our class ______________________ (have) the tests later in the morning.
13. He ______________________ (eat) his breakfast at the restaurant with his friend.
14. The sun ______________________ (shine) brightly now.
15. “Listen! The band ______________________ (play) the new song,” said Siti.
EXERCISE 6
Complete the sentences with the past continuous tense.
1.
Aini _________________(wash) her car while her husband
___________________ (cut) the hedges when their neighbour returned.
2.
While my classmates ___________________ (paint) the classroom, that boy
__________________ (draw) on the wall when the headmaster came.
3.
The journalist ___________________ (interview) the accident victim while the
photographers ___________________ (take) photos of the accident.
4.
While I _________________ (record) the minutes of the meeting, the treasurer
___________________ (give) a report of the accounts of the society.
5.
They _________(be) constantly _____________(argue) about the use of the
computer.
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6.
My father _________________ (weed) the plant when it started to rain.
7.
Your sister _________________ (wash) the car while your cousin
_________________ (water) the flower when I came to your house.
8.
The boys _________________ (sing) the whole evening.
TEXT C
Read and understand the following letter of complaint.
Ros Diana Muzaffar,
19, Jalan Astroria,
83700 Yong Peng,
Johor.
_____________________________________________________________________
The Yong Peng Town Council,
1119, Jalan Permai,
83700 Yong Peng,
Johor.
23 APRIL 2007
Dear Sir,
Irregular Garbage Collection
I am writing to you to inform you of the irregular collection of rubbish in our housing
estate. The rubbish is collected only once or twice a week. When the rubbish bins are
emptied, it is done in a very sloppy manner causing rubbish to be spilled onto the road.
2.
The irregular collection of rubbish is posing a danger to the health
of the residents. The overflowing rubbish, besides giving off a foul smell, can cause
illness to them. I have seen flies gathering an the bins and I am very sure that if these
flies come into contact with the food of the residents, they will fall sick. Dogs, cats and
rats also come to the bins to look for food. While searching for food, they spill the
uncollected rubbish onto the road making the whole place filthy and smelly. I am sure
the spilt rubbish will endanger the health of the people living here.
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3.
Besides the irregular garbage collection, the drains are also not
cleaned. As a result, many of them are blocked and the water becomes stagnant in
them. The blocked drains not only give off a strong odour but also become breeding
places for mosquitoes. If action is not taken soon, many of the residents here may
become victims of malaria or dengue fever.
4.
I hope the council will take note of what I have written and act soon.
I am sure the council would not want to be held responsible for spreading diseases.
Thank you.
Yours faithfully,
ROS
(ROS DIANA MUZAFFAR)
(Adapted from PMR B.I, Fajar Bakti, 1998)
EXERCISE 1
Answer the questions below.
1. What is the main complaint of the writer? (Paragraph 1)
________________________________________________________________
2. How often is the rubbish been collected by the Town Council workers?
(Paragraph 1)
________________________________________________________________
3. Why are flies a danger to health? (Paragraph 2)
________________________________________________________________
4. How can uncollected rubbish be dangerous to the residents? (Paragraph 2)
________________________________________________________________
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5. Name the animals that go to the rubbish bins to look for food. (Paragraph 3)
________________________________________________________________
6. What other complaints are mentioned in the text? (Paragraph 3)
________________________________________________________________
7. Why is the stagnant water harmful to the residents? (Paragraph 3)
________________________________________________________________
8. State TWO diseases that are caused by the mosquitoes. (Paragraph3)
(i)
______________________________________________________
(ii)
______________________________________________________
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Find the opposite of the underlined words in the sentences. You may use the
dictionary to help you.
1. I am writing to you to inform you of the irregular collection of rubbish in our
housing estate.
( _________________ )
2. When the rubbish bins are emptied, it is done in a very sloppy manner causing
rubbish to be spilled onto the road.
( _________________ )
3. While searching for food, they spill the uncollected rubbish onto the road making
the whole place filthy and smelly.
( _________________ )
4. While searching for food, they spill the uncollected rubbish onto the road making
the whole place filthy and smelly.
( _________________ )
5. As a result, many of them are blocked and the water becomes stagnant in them.
( _________________ )
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EXERCISE 3
Complete the text below using ‘verb to be’ and ‘Present Continuous Tense’
a) Lisa (1) ________ (be) very happy. Her father (2) ___________ (take) her to
England. She (3) ___________ (go) to visit her brothers who (4) ___________
(study) in the Oxford University. Her father (5) ___________ (plan) to go there
during the coming school holidays.
b) Daud and Harun (1) ________ (be) good friends. They (2) ________ (be) not at
home now. They (3) ___________ (swim) in the river. The river (4) ______ (be)
situated about 2kilometres away from their houses. They like to go there because
the water (5) ______ (be) cool and refreshing.
EXERCISE 4
Construct sentences using ‘Past Continuous Tense’. The first one has been done
for you.
1) old lady – playing – piano
An old lady was playing the piano perfectly._________________________
2) two girls – singing
_____________________________________________________________
3) people – eating
_____________________________________________________________
4) visitors – talking
_____________________________________________________________
5) students – laughing
_____________________________________________________________
6) children – playing
_____________________________________________________________
7) woman – carrying - table
_____________________________________________________________
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LANGUAGE AWARENESS
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with the words from the box.
am
are
Sarah :
Hi, Hasan! Where are you going?
Hasan :
Oh hi, Sarah! I (1)
is
going over to visit Lily. Jaswant told me that she
is down with the flu.
Sarah :
Who? Jaswant?
Hasan :
No, it (2)
Lily. I called her house and her sister told me that she is
very sick. She is very worried about her. It seems their parents (3)
not at home. They have gone on a holiday overseas. They (4)
coming
back on Saturday.
Sarah :
I (5)
not doing anything at the moment, so shall I come along with
you to visit Lily? You (6)
not going anywhere else now, are you?
Hasan :
No, Sarah. I (7)
Sarah :
OK. I hope that Lily gets well soon.
Hasan :
I hope so too. Shall we walk over to her house? It is not very far.
Sarah :
No problem. We (8)
Hasan :
You are right. I didn’t even notice that we had walked so far.
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not going anywhere else at the moment.
quite near her house anyway.
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WRITING
EXERCISE 6
You are an officer working with the Department of Environment. You have been asked to
give a talk at school on “Pollution”.
Write out your speech, using the notes below to help you. Your composition should be
more than 120 words.
INTRODUCTION – Definition of pollution
- Dirtying and gradual destruction of our natural resources
CONTENTS
- i) Types of pollution
*air
*land
*water
*noise
ii) Causes of pollution
*exhaust fumes from motor vehicles
*toxic air from factories
*rubbish dumping
*oil tank leakage
*deforestation
*soil erosion
iii) Ways to reduce pollution
*organise a campaign
*recycle
*use public transport, car pool
*stop open burning
*government should enforce strict laws and actions must be taken
to those who against it
CONCLUSION
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- Everybody plays an important role – save environment
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ANSWER KEY
WARMER
asthma, flood, acid rain, drought, humidity, haze.
TEXT A
EXERCISE 1
1
D
4
C
2
D
5
D
3
A
6
C
EXERCISE 2
1
Glad
2
becomes lesser
3
Finally
4
Move
5
Gain
EXERCISE 3
EXERCISE 4
EXERCISE 5
1
Am
1
were
1
is
2
Are
2
was
2
was
3
Is
3
was
3
were
4
Is
4
were
4
was
5
Are
5
was
5
am
6
Is
6
were
7
Is
7
was
8
Are
8
was
9
Are
9
was
10
Is
10
were
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TEXT B
EXERCISE 1
1. Terry complained about the hot weather the previous night.
2. It is a condition which causes the temperature of the earth to rise.
OR
It is a condition that makes the earth warmer.
3. It blocks out certain harmful rays of the sun.
OR
It filters out the harmful rays of the sun.
4. The use of spray cans / The use of motor vehicles. / Smoke from
factories.
5. By not burning the rubbish,Terry is not polluting the environment. Thus, it
will not worsen the Greenhouse effect.
EXERCISE 2
1. hot
2. reduction
3. rubbish
4. complicated
5.
rise
EXERCISE 3
1. is
2. are
3. am
4. are
5. are
6. are
7. are
8. is
9. is
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. C
8. B
9. A
10. is
EXERCISE 4
1. D
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10. D
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EXERCISE 5
1. are playing
9.
is playing
2. is leaking
10.
are watching
3. are staying
11.
is preparing
4. are attending
12.
is having
5. is handing
13.
is eating
6. is deciding
14.
is shining
7. are taking
15.
is playing
8. are going
EXERCISE 6
1. was washing , was cutting
2. were painting , was drawing
3. was interviewing , were taking
4. was recording , was giving
5. were , arguing
6. was weeding
7. was washing , was watering
8. were singing
TEXT C
EXERCISE 1
1.
The rubbish is seldom collected.
2.
Once or twice in a week.
3.
The flies come into contact with the residents and they may fall sick.
4.
The uncollected rubbish make the place filthy and smelly. This may
cause diseases.
5.
Rats, dogs and cats.
6.
The rains are not cleaned.
7.
The stagnant water will give a strong odour and become breeding places
for mosquitoes.
8.
Malaria and dengue fever.
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EXERCISE 2
1.
regular
2.
careful
3.
clean
4.
pleasant
5.
flowing
EXERCISE 3
a. 1 is
2. is taking
3. is going
4. are studying
5. is planning
b. 1. are
2. are
3. are swimming
4. is
5. is
EXERCISE 4
2.The two girls were singing.
3 Many people are eating at the restaurant.
4.The visitors are talking to each other.
5. The students are laughing.
6. The children are playing at the playground.
7. The woman is carrying the table by herself.
EXERCISE 5
1. am
2. is
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3. are
4. are
5. am
6.are
7. am
8. are
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EXERCISE 6
Suggested answer
A very good morning ladies and gentlemen. Today I am going to talk about
pollution. What is pollution ? Pollution is the process of dirtying and gradual destruction
of our natural resources.
There are many types of pollution such as air, water , land and noise pollution
.First, let us see the causes of pollution. Air pollution is mostly caused by exhaust fumes
from motor vehicles and toxic air from the factories. This toxic air has dangerous
chemicals which are harmful for our health. Water pollution is caused by rubbish
dumping and oil tank leakage. This causes damage to the marine lives such as the lost
of beautiful species. The cause for land pollution is deforestation and soil erosion. The
cutting of trees and clearing of land for development cause pollution.
How to reduce pollution? First, we should organise campaign to raise awareness
among the people about the dangers of pollution. Next, we should practice recycling
items like papers, cans and plastics . This will reduce the amount of chemical wastes
into the air. Then, we should also use public transport such as bus or train. We can
carpool too in order to cut the gas released in the air. We must also stop open burning.
The government should enforce strict laws and actions must be taken to those who are
against it.
Ladies and gentlemen, everybody plays an important role to save our
environment. It is our responsibility. Thank you.
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WEEK 13
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
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WEEK
: 13
THEME
:
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
TIME
:
5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES : By the end of this unit, you should be able to:

read and understand the texts.

answer the comprehension questions related to the texts.

skim and scan the text to identify gerunds and infinitive “verb to
be” based on the words and phrases in the texts.

understand the grammar items: gerunds and infinitive.(verb to be)

write a short essay.
WARMER
You have received an e-mail from your close friend. State two advantages of e-mailing.
_1.____________________________________________________________________
_2.____________________________________________________________________
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TEXT A
Read the text below.
TECHNOLOGY TODAY
Technology is used widely in education today.
technology in many aspects of peoples’ lives.
All over the world, we find
In education, technology is very
important. It has four main functions.
The first function is its role as a tutor, for example, the use of televisions and
computers in teaching. Its second function is knowledge exploration. Here, the CDROM is used. Next, technology helps students to create, store and analyse information.
Students can use word processing and spreadsheet software. Lastly, technology helps
in communication, for example, the e-mail.
Teachers are encouraged to use technology in their classrooms as it makes their
lessons more interesting. Students too, are attracted by new technology.
(Adapted from Technology in Education: Using Technology to Improve Student
Achievement, www.nccrel.org/sdrs/areas/eeocont/htm)
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
EXERCISE 1
Answer the following questions with reference to the passage above.
1.
What is used widely in education today?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2.
State the four functions of technology.
(i)_______________________________________________________________
(ii)______________________________________________________________
(iii)______________________________________________________________
(iv)______________________________________________________________
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3.
Why should teachers use technology in their classrooms?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4.
Do you use technology in your class?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Find the meaning of these words. You may use the dictionary to help you.
WORDS/PHRASE
MEANING IN CONTEXT
Widely
Create
Role
Function
Helps
Tutor
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
THE INFINITIVE (“to + verb”)
The infinitive is used:
1. To show purpose
(a)
to + verb
Examples :

Elizabeth used a pen to write the letter.

Jamilah bought some story books to read during the holidays.
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With “ought to”
(b)
Examples:

Hasan ought to spend more time with his family.

You ought to start on your project now.
With “do” , “dare” and “need”
(c)
Examples:

What must I do to become a member?

I did not dare to kill the snake.

We need to do this work by next week.
After the word “due”
(d)
Examples:

She is due to deliver her baby in August.

Peter is due to arrive on the next flight.
2. To express a command or a compulsion with a “verb to be”
Examples:

Fatimah has to finish her work by Monday.

You have to switch off the fan as you leave the room.
With verbs like “remember”, “decide”, “read”, “eat” “sing”, “walk” and
(a)
“try”.
Examples:

If you decide to join us, you can meet us at the canteen.

My father promised to buy a hand phone for my 21st birthday.
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After adjectives like “big”, “beautiful”, “clever”, “neat” and “clean”
(b)
Examples:

He tried very hard to paint the house.

I am happy to know that I have passed my test.
EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks with the infinitive and the verb in brackets.
1.
You are supposed ……………… the children this afternoon. (fetch)
2.
The secretary was told not …………………….. her manager.(disturb)
3.
The old man has decided …………. his property to the poor. ( donate )
4.
Please remember to tell Hashim …………………. the prime news on
television tonight. ( watch)
5.
After a hard day’s work, it is refreshing ……………….. a long bath.
( take)
6.
The beautiful celebrity is going ……………….. her story to the reporters.
( tell)
7.
The athlete was not fit ……………. part in the competition. (take)
8.
Before we start the meeting, we need ……………….. a secretary. (select)
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EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks with the suitable infinitive to + verb.
1.
You ought __________________ more books and magazines if you want
to improve your vocabulary.
2.
No one is allowed _______________________ the hall until all the work
has been completed.
3.
Her father encouraged her ___________________________ for a
scholarship to study in America.
4.
The
participants
will
be
given
ten
minutes
each
______________________ the mystery.
5.
We went over ___________________________ if Azlina needed any
help.
6.
My mother was asked __________________________ lunch for friends.
7.
Encik Manaf has paid some workers ___________________________
his house.
8.
The man does not want ____________________________ any food.
EXERCISE 5
Make sentences using the phrases given.
1. to watch
_____________________________________________________________
2. to draw
_____________________________________________________________
3. to cook
_____________________________________________________________
4. to teach
_____________________________________________________________
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WRITING
EXERCISE 6
Use the mind map given below to write a short essay about 50 words on
“Computers”.
Computers
Advantages

interesting

efficient
Disadvantages
 expensive
 difficult
to
learn
.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
TEXT B
Preserving Food
As food is essential to the survival of human beings, ways were found to
preserve food. The basic idea behind food preservation is either to slow down the
activity of disease-causing bacteria or to kill the bacteria altogether. All food contains
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bacteria but food that is sterile contains no bacteria. Milk, for example, contains bacteria
and within hours, milk can go sour if left out in room temperature.
Canning is one way to store food for long periods of time. In the canning process,
the food is boiled in the can and bacteria are killed or new bacteria prevented from
forming. Now, the food in the can is completely sterile and will not go bad. Once the can
is opened, bacteria enter and start attacking the food. The opened can now has to be
refrigerated to slow down the activity of the bacteria.
Cans may not necessarily be made of metal alone. Any sealable container can
be used for canning and this includes glass jars, foil and even plastic boxes.
One disadvantage of canning is that the act of boiling food in the can generally
changes its taste as well as its nutritional content. That is why sometimes refrigeration is
preferred.
Many types of food are also dehydrated to preserve them. These include ,
powdered milk, dried fruit and vegetable, powdered soups, pasta and instant noodles.
Most bacteria die or become completely inactive when dried. Therefore, dried food
stored in air-tight containers can last for quite a long time. Drying sometimes completely
alters the taste of the food but in many cases, a completely new food is created.
Salting is another preservation technique and is often applied to meat and fish.
The salt draws out the moisture and creates an environment that is unsuitable for
bacteria. If salting takes place in cold weather, salted meat can keep for many years.
Pickling is also widely used to preserve meat, fruit and vegetables. The
preservative qualities of salt combined with the preservative qualities of acetic acid or
vinegar inhibits the growth of bacteria. Pickled mangoes are first soaked in brine for
several days then dried and finally bottled in jars of vinegar.
(Source : Future English SPM Form 5 English for Science and Technology, Pearson Longman)
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MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
EXERCISE 1
Can you recognise the food in the pictures below? They are preserved food. They
are preserved to make them last longer. Write how the following food are
preserved.
(a)
(b)
s _ lt _ _ _
p _ _ k _ _ ng
(d)
c _ nn _ _ _
(e)
d__i__
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_ alt _ _ _
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MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
EXERCISE 1
Based on TEXT B, complete the chart below.
Food Preservation
Objectives
1. _________________________________
2. _________________________________
Disadvantages
Types of preserving
1. Canning
__________________
__________________
2.________________
__________________
__________________
3.________________
__________________
__________________
4.________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
WORD ATTACK
___________
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Advantages
1.________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
2.________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
________
1.________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
2.________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
_______
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EXERCISE 2
Find the meaning of the words. Refer to the dictionary..
WORD
MEANING
1. preserve
2. bacteria
3. refrigerated
4. alters
5. moisture
6. inhibits
7. brine
8. essential
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
Gerunds
A gerund is formed by adding – ing to the end of a verb and functions as a noun.
Examples:
o
Seeing is believing.
o
Hunting deer is not allowed in this country.
o
Stop playing.
o
Children love baking cakes.
o
I like reading the newspaper.
o
I am tired of waiting.
o
He is fond of swimming.
o
He was rewarded for working so hard.
o
We were prevented from seeing the prisoner.
o
Swimming is a good sport.
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EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks with a suitable gerund using the verb in the brackets.
1. __________ is my favourite hobby. (paint)
2. They are interested in __________ an English album. (record)
3. Please stop __________ or you will be asked to leave the room. (shout)
4. The chef is famous for __________ Kelantanese dishes. (prepare)
5. My mother likes______________ and sewing. (garden)
6. __________ the animals in the zoo is not allowed. (feed)
7. The woman kept __________ at the short man. (point)
8. The man was arrested for __________ and theft. (kidnap)
9. __________ is a very noble job. ( teach)That kind lady never stops __________ her
neighbours. (heip)
EXERCISE 5
Use gerunds to replace the words in brackets.
1. (Steal) his employer’s money made him lose his job.
2. They didn’t like (practice) in the hot son.
3. He is confident of (pass) the examination.
4. (Become) a doctor is her ambition.
5. The man likes (eat) hawker food.
6. (Fish) is an activity my uncle enjoys very much.
7. The prefects’ duties are (help) the teachers.
8. We prefer (watch) television to (study).
9. The men crossed the river (use) a boat.
10. Not (give) up, no matter what happens, will make you succeed in life.
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EXERCISE 6
Form sentences using the gerunds given.
1. studying
___________________________________________________________
2. walking
___________________________________________________________
3. watching
___________________________________________________________
4. dancing
___________________________________________________________
5. singing
___________________________________________________________
6. writing
___________________________________________________________
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WRITING
EXERCISE 7
Write a short passage on “How to maintain a healthy lifestyle”. Make use of as many
gerunds as you can in your essay. Write in about 100 words.
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ANSWER KEY
WARMER
It is fast./ It saves time.
TEXT A
EXERCISE 1
1.
Technology is used widely
2.
(i)
as a tutor
(ii)
for knowledge exploration
(iii)
as a tool to create, compose, store and analyse data
(iv)
as a means to communicate
3.
Makes lessons interesting.
4.
Yes, I do./ No, I do not.
EXERCISE 2
WORDS/PHRASE
MEANING
Widely
greatly
Function
role
Helps
aids
Tutor
a person who helps to teach
Create
produce
EXERCISE 3
1. to fetch
2. to disturb
3. to donate
4. to watch
5. to take
6. to tell
7. to take
8. to select
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EXERCISE 4
1. to read
2. to enter
3. to apply
4. to solve
5. to see
6. to cook
7. to paint
8. to eat
EXERCISE 5
1.
I am going to watch the movie.
2.
My hobby is to draw.
3.
Father wants us to cook Nasi Lemak for breakfast.
4.
Rani is going to teach Science.
EXERCISE 6
Suggested answer:
Computers are important in our lives today. They are used in schools, colleges
and offices.
Computers make lessons interesting and efficient.
However, computers are
expensive to buy. Students sometimes find it difficult to learn how to use the computer.
The modern world requires everyone to have a good knowledge of the computer.
TEXT B
EXERCISE 1
a.
salting
b.
pickling
c.
canning
d.
drying
e.
salting
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EXERCISE 2
Objectives
1.
To slow down the activity of disease-causing bacteria
2.
To kill bacteria
Types of preserving
1.
Canning
2.
Pickling
3.
Salting
4.
Drying
Advantages
1.
Food can be stored for a longer period.
2.
Slows down the activity of disease causing bacteria.
Disadvantages
1.
Taste and nutrient content changed.
2.
Taste is altered.
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EXERCISE 2
WORD
1. preserve
MEANING IN CONTEXT
to treat food so that it can keep for a longer
time without going bad.
a type of very small organism that lives in
2. bacteria
air,water, plants,animals which causes
diseases.
3. refrigerated
kept cold so that it stays fresh usually in a
fridge.
4. alters
changes
5. moisture
water content
6. inhibits
prevents / stops / slows down
7. brine
salt water
8. essential
necessary
EXERCISE 4
1. Painting
2. recording
3. shouting
4. preparing
5. gardening
6. Feeding
7. pointing
8. kidnapping
9. Teaching
10. helping
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EXERCISE 5
1. Stealing
2. practicing
3. passing
4. Becoming
5. eating
6. Fishing
7. helping
8. watching, studying
9. using
10. giving
EXERCISE 6
1.
Children must be taught good studying habits.
2.
Walking is a good form of exercise.
3.
People enjoy watching movies during their free time.
4.
My sister teaches dancing in her school.
5.
Ahmad enjoys singing English songs.
6.
My teacher says that I have good writing skills.
EXERCISE 7
Living a healthy lifestyle is very important. Everybody tries to do the right things
to enjoy a healthy lifestyle.
Eating good, nutritious food and drinking lots of water are part of a healthy
lifestyle. In addition, exercise like walking, dancing and swimming are important
activities for good health. We must also have a good rest. Sleeping and relaxing are
essential too.
So, let us practise a good lifestyle to enjoy a healthy life.
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WEEK 14
SOCIAL ISSUES
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WEEK
:
14
THEME
:
SOCIAL ISSUES
TIME
:
5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES: By the end of the unit, you should be able to:
develop reading sub-skills

enrich vocabulary

answer questions at knowledge and comprehension level

answer questions at application level and analysis

use dictionary as an aid to improve comprehension of texts

construct grammatically correct sentences and paragraphs

use correct grammar in sentences and paragraphs

identify , understand and use phrasal verbs

write grammatically correct sentences

generate and organize ideas using specific techniques

develop a paragraph with focused and specific main ideas

write cohesive paragraphs using simple, compound and complex sentences
WARMER
Study the picture below and give short responses.
1.
List what you can see in the picture.
a.____________
b.____________
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TEXT A
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
FROM STREETS TO SCHOOLS
Society tends to see street children as social sores that give a bad image as they
loiter aimlessly, beg and sleep in the streets.
Many citizens would like nothing better than to see the authorities take them off the
streets and put them in special homes. However, the welfare department has apparently
not been able to do so as they were neither abandoned by their parents nor have been
caught begging.
But, this does not seem to have stopped Education Minister Datuk Hishammuddin
Hussein from addressing the problem of unsupervised children living alone on urban
streets. His solution lies in getting them off the streets through education. This is a
refreshing change from the periodic round ups and arrest of street children. We should
neither treat street children as troublemakers who need to be punished nor view them as
social stain that needs to be removed. Many seek refuge on the streets for reasons not
of their own making, and most are illiterate with no basic skills to help them get proper
jobs. A decent education may help break the “vicious circle with no future”.
However, getting these kids back to school may not be a simple matter as the
challenge will be in finding schools with supportive teachers and peers who could
persuade them to leave the streets.
(The New Straits Times, 19 April 2007)
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
EXERCISE 1
Give short answers to the following questions.
1. How does the society see the street children? The society sees them as
A.special children
B.social sores
C.abandoned children
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2. Give a reason why the welfare department is unable to put these kids in special
homes.
A. They are not illiterate
B. They have not been caught begging.
C. They are not treated as trouble makers.
3. What is the Education Minister’s solution of getting them off the streets? Providing
them with
A.food
B.shelter
C.education
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
The meanings of words are given below. Read the passage again and look for
these words in the text. Then write the answer in the box.
1. A person who has a legal right to belong to a country
c
2. To leave somebody
a
3. A place, person or thing that provides shelter or protection for somebody or something
r
4 Unpleasant
v
5. To make someone agree to something
p
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LANGUAGE AWARENESS
PHRASAL VERBS
A phrasal verb is a verb that consists of two or three words.
Phrasal verbs consist of a simple verb + 1 or 2 particles, where the meaning of the
compound is often different from the meaning of the individual parts.
The phrasal verbs may consist of verbs and prepositions.
If the particle is a preposition, the phrasal verb will always have an object, which follows
the preposition in the usual way.
Examples: get up, fall off, turn on, and see to
a. I get up at 6.00 o’clock every morning.
b. A few students fall off the school bus.
c. “Please turn on the radio” said the girl to her brother.
d. Puan Nora asked her neighbour to look after her cat.
e.
The children are ill so you must see to them.
EXERCISE 3
Complete the exercise below by using suitable prepositions to construct correct
phrasal verbs.
The first one has been done for you.
i) up
1.make
ii)o_ _r
iii)_ u _
i)_p
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2. come
ii) o_
iii)_ _ t
i) i _
3.give
ii) _ u _
iii) u _
i) i_ _ o
4. look
ii) a _
ii)_ n
i) i _
5. fill
ii) o _ _
iii) _ p
i) o _ t
6. help
ii) i _
iii) b _
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EXERCISE 4
The meanings of the phrasal verbs are given below. With reference to the previous
exercise, write the correct phrasal verb in the table below.
Phrasal verbs
Meanings
1.
to leave
2.
to stop doing something
3.
to find out more about something by getting all the
necessary information
4
to meet someone by chance
5.
to make a container full
6.
to hit someone using a sudden violent movement
7
to help someone
EXERCISE 5
Complete the sentences below by choosing the best phrasal verbs.
1. The naughty students manage to ……….. the teacher from
made up
their class.
2. That lady in red is unable to …………… her anger any longer
check in
since her daughter has used all her money.
3. If you keep …………. money all the time , you may lose all your
look out
friends.
4. Some tourists were waiting to …………….. their luggage.
help out
5. She has to get up three or four times a night in order to
bumped into
………………. her elderly mother.
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6. The ceremony was intended to give a memorable ………
keep back
for the principal.
7. The team is …………… of form three and form four students.
give up
8. I ………………. Rahmat yesterday at the bookshop.
help off with
9. Deen decided to …………… in the shop during my
strike out
absence.
10. “……………….., there is someone behind you” said Ahmad to drive away
Jidah.
11. The discipline teachers ………………. on that notorious boy.
chasing after
12. The maid …………………… the master’s raincoat.
come out
13 The pilot has just ……………. from the cockpit.
send off
14. The famous female wrestler had to …………………….
attend to
her opposition in order to win the championship.
WRITING
EXERCISE 6
How can you as a teacher help to solve the problem of street children?
1.__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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TEXT B
Read the text below.
WE’LL GET KIDS BACK IN SCHOOL
Putrajaya: The Education Ministry will help street children get back in school if it
knows who they are.
Education Minister Datuk Hishammuddin Hussein urged the public and nongovernmental organizations to help identify the children. He said that the ministry had
no power to get the children off the street but will find ways to re-admit them into
schools. These kids roamed the streets because of poverty and ridicule.
The issue needs to be looked into or these children will be caught in a vicious cycle
with no future. It is not a new problem and does not happen only in Johor. Even Kuala
Lumpur has street children.
The report said that the teenagers were between 14 and 18 years old. In Johor
Bahru, some of these teenagers are seen roaming the streets, sleeping on cardboard
boxes on the pavement, eating restaurants leftovers, using public toilets and stand up to
older boys who extort money from them.
The teenagers had said that they preferred spending time on the streets as their
families were poor or they came from broken homes. Teachers and fellow students
ridiculed them in schools.
(Adapted from The New Straits Times, 19 April 2007)
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
EXERCISE 1
Answer the following questions.
1. Based on paragraph 2, tick (/) two reasons which cause these teenagers to roam the
streets.
i) poverty……….………( )
ii) power…………………( )
iii) identity…………… …( )
iv) ridicule………………..( )
v) interest………………..( )
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2. “Children” in paragraph 2 refers to
A. young children
B. street children
C. weak children
3. The word “vicious” can best be replaced with
A. rare
B. common
C. dangerous
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Match the words in Box A to the meanings of words in Box B correctly.
A
B
1 urged
g. to walk or travel without any definite aim or direction.
2 identify
b. to deal with something difficult or unpleasant
3 re-admit
c. state of being poor
4 roamed
d. to recognize something
5 ridicule
e. to allow somebody or something to re-enter
6 poverty
f. to make somebody give you something by threatening them
7 stand up to
h. unkind comments to make fun of a person or make them look
silly
8 extort
i. tried hard to persuade someone to do something
EXERCISE 3
Underline the correct answer.
1. She is an object of ( urge, ridicule) in the tabloid newspaper.
2. The child was able to ( identify, prefer ) her attacker.
3. The sheep are allowed to ( roam, happen ) freely on this land.
4. He lives in ( issue, poverty ).
5. She has a ( vicious, power ) temper.
6. The gang ( extorted, look ) money from over thirty local businessmen.
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LANGUAGE AWARENESS
PHRASAL VERBS
The phrasal verbs may consists of verbs and adverbs.
If the particle is an adverb, the word order depends:
(a) whether there is an object
VERB
+
ADVERB
go
away
This pattern is common
set
off
with verbs of movement.
stand
up
get
down
(b) With a personal pronoun as object (me, you, him,
her, it, us, them)
VERB
+
PRONOUN
+
ADVERB
put
them
away
bring
it
up
take
us
out
send
them all
off
The pronoun must always come between the verb and the adverb.
(c)
With a noun as object
When the object is a noun or an indefinite pronoun
(everything,
everybody, etc.)
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VERB
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+
NOUN OBJECT
+
ADVERB
put
your toys
away
bring
the matter
up
take
the children
out
send
all the letters
off
tore
the notice
down
pay
the money
back
hand
everything
over
leave
nothing
out
pick
Bahar
give
the game
away
brought
the roof
down
up
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EXERCISE 4
Complete the sentences with the correct adverbs.
1. He hated school so he ran________________________.
2. You are walking too fast for me. Please slow________________.
3. I cannot hear you. Can you speak______________ a bit?
4. She brought six children ____________ all on her own.
5. Father wants to take us ___________ for dinner.
6. The naughty boys tore the notice ______________.
7. The driver went to pick Pravan ____________ from school.
8. Please remember to pay the money ______________.
9. The children were asked to hand everything ____________ before going back.
10. It is already 12 midnight. Send them all ____________to bed.
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EXERCISE 5
Match the phrases to make correct sentences.
1. His speech brought
off to the campsite at 6a.m
2. When you have put
n the meeting
3. The Scouts set
out for Teacher’s Day
4. The boy’s parents brought
the house down
the matter
5. The coach was angry
your books away, switch off
because the players gave
the lights.
6. The headmaster took us
the game away.
WRITING
EXERCISE 6
1. Based on paragraph 4, name four activities that the teenagers do on the streets.
a.
______________________________________________________________________
b.
______________________________________________________________________
c.
______________________________________________________________________
d.
______________________________________________________________________
2. Give two reasons why these children prefer spending their time on the streets?
a.
______________________________________________________________________
b.
______________________________________________________________________
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TEXT C
Read the text below .
SURVIVING THE STREETS
Where have all the beggar children gone to? Anyone who has spent a weekend
walking around Kuala Lumpur will notice poorly-dressed beggar children, pleading for
pity and spare change. But this week, the streets of Kuala Lumpur were empty. Child
beggars are noticeably absent these days from their regular haunts like the Pudu Raya
Bus Station and Jalan Alor areas, which are crowded with locals and tourists. This might
be due to the disappearance of 5-year-old Muhammad Nazrin Shamsul Ghazali, or Yin,
who went missing during a family shopping trip to the Sogo Department Store in the city
on March 31. The boy was missing for 15 days before he was returned by a Myanmar
couple, who claimed to have taken him in, inspite of having five children of their own to
feed. It was believed that the couple had set the boy begging. As a result of this fresh
interest in beggar children, child begging syndicates operating in several areas were
lying low. For beggar children, begging is a necessity. The only way to get money to
eat is through begging. There are many children who are vulnerable to syndicates that
readily exploit children.
(Adapted from New Straits Times, 22 April 2007)
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
EXERCISE 1
Circle True or False.
1. True
False
There are no beggar children in the streets of Kuala Lumpur.
2. True
False
The beggars are begging for pity.
3. True
False
The streets were empty because of the disappearance of Yin.
4. True
False
Yin was missing for more than two weeks.
5. True
False
The only way for the children to get money to eat is through
begging.
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EXERCISE 2
Circle the correct answer.
1. Why are child beggars absent from their regular haunts like the Pudu Raya Bus
Station?
A. They are looking for Yin.
B. They have gone to Jalan Alor.
C. They are afraid the authorities will arrest them.
2. When did Muhammad Nazrin Shamsul Ghazali go missing?
A. During a family shopping trip.
B. When the family went touring.
C. When he went astray at the shopping complex.
3. Child begging syndicates operating in several areas were lying low because
A. beggar children were getting money from the tourists.
B. many people were interested in beggar children.
C. they were afraid of the Myanmar couple.
4. Syndicates exploit children because
A. the public sympathises with children more than the adults.
B. children would go to them to get help.
C. parents leave their children to them to earn some money.
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WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 3
Based on the words used in the text, match the word on the left with its meaning
on the right.
1. survive
A. request for something
2. beggar
B. to continue to live
3. plead
C. to say something is true or is a fact,
although you cannot prove it and other
people might not believe it.
4. claim
D. a poor person who lives by asking
others for money or food
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
PHRASAL VERBS
If the phrasal verb has two particles (adverb + preposition) the pattern is as follows.
[ VERB + ADVERB ]
+
[ PREPOSITION + OBJECT ]
look down
on
your enemies
look down
on
them
catch up
with
the boys in front
catch up
with
her
OTHER EXAMPLES
up to
stand up for
put up with
look out for
be in for
feel up to
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EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks with the correct phrasal verbs.
1. Ali ___________________________ studying four weeks before the exam.
2. Puan Tan does not ____________________joinning us for dinner tonight.
3. You must ________________________your right when you deserve something.
4. My grandmother is very old so I have to ________________________ with her
childishness.
5. The prefects were told to _____________________ the students who were not wear
wearing their school badges.
6. Mrs.Reeta __________________ a big surprise when she gets home as her children
have organized a birthday party for her.
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WRITING
EXERCISE 5
Based on the notes given, write three sentences for each question.
Example:
Sentence 1- name – Abdullah
Sentence 2 - gave up – teaching – stressful
Sentence 3 - helps out – kampung - tuition classes

My neighbour is Abdullah.

He gave up teaching because it was stressful.

Now, he only helps out in the kampung by giving free tuition classes.
Question 1:
Sentence 1 -street children - poor - need attention
Sentence 2 - these children - come out - during school hours
Sentence 3 - public and government -look into - this issue carefully
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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Question 2:
Sentence 1 - teachers - encourage and motivate - dropouts b i- schools
Sentence 2 - They- change - lifestyles - for - better
Sentence 3 - teachers - find out - students’ problems
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Question 3:
Sentence 1 - parents - encourage children - to continue - studies
Sentence 2 - strict family rules - drive away -children - homes
Sentence 3 - so parents - tackle - matter - wisely
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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ANSWER KEY
WARMER
1. Books
2. Man
TEXT A
EXERCISE 1
1. B
2. B
3. C.
EXERCISE 2
1. citizen
2. abandon
3. refuge
4. vicious
5. persuade
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
EXERCISE 3
1. i. make up
ii. make over
iii. make out
2. i. come up
ii. come on
iii. come out
3. i. give in
ii. give out
iii. give up
4. i. look into
ii. look at
iii. look on
5. i. fill in
ii. fill out
iii. fill up
6. i. help out
ii. help in
iii. help by
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EXERCISE 4
1. come out
2. give up
3. look into
4. bump into
5. fill up
6. strike out
7. help out
EXERCISE 5
1. drive away
2. keep back
3. chasing after
4. check in
5. attend to
6. send off
7. make up
8. bumped into
9. help out
10. look out
11. give up
12. help off with
13. come out
14. strike out
WRITING
EXERCISE 6
1.Persuade the street children to come back to school.
2.Try to understand the problem of these street children.
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TEXT B
EXERCISE 1
1i) poverty
2
B
3
C
iv) ridicule
EXERCISE 2
1
urged –
j.
2
identify -
d.
to recognize something
3
re-admit –
e.
to allow somebody or something to re-enter
4
roamed –
g.
to walk or travel without any definite aim or direction
5
ridicule –
6
poverty -
c.
7
stand up to –
b. to deal with something difficult or unpleasant
8
extort –
f. to make somebody give you something by threatening them
trying hard to persuade someone to do something
h. unkind comments to make fun of a person or make them look silyl
state of being poor
EXERCISE 3
1. ridicule
2. identify
3. roam
4. poverty
5. vicious
6. extorted
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
EXERCISE 4
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1. away
6. down
2. down
7. up
3. out
8. back
4. up
9. over
5. out
10. off
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EXERCISE 5
1. the house down.
2. your books away, switch off the lights.
3. off to the campsite at 6 a.m.
4. up in the meeting.
5. the game away.
6. out for Teacher’s Day
WRITING
EXERCISE 6
1.
a) roaming the streets
b) sleeping on cardboards
c) eating restaurants leftovers,
d) using the public toilets / braving older boys who extort money from them
2.
a) poor families
b) broken homes/ ridiculed by friends and teachers
TEXT C
EXERCISE 1
1. F
2. F
3. T
4. T
3. B
4. C
5. T
EXERCISE 2
1. C
2. A
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 3
1. B
2. D
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3. A
4. C
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LANGUAGE AWARENESS
EXERCISE 4
i.
get down to
ii.
feel up to
iii.
stand up for
iv.
put up with
v.
look out for
vi.
is in for
EXERCISE 5
QUESTION 1
The street children are mostly poor children who need attention. These children come
out during school hours. The public and government must look into this issue carefully.
QUESTION 2
Teachers should encourage and motivate these dropouts to be in schools. They need to
change their lifestyles for the better. Thus, teachers need to find out the students’
problems.
QUESTION 3
Parents must encourage their children to continue their studies. Strict family rules will
only drive away children from homes. So, parents should tackle this matter wisely.
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WEEK 15
STORIES
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WEEK
:
15
THEME
:
STORIES
TIME
:
5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES : By the end of this unit, you should be able to:

develop reading sub-skills and answer comprehension questions.

use the dictionary and enrich your vocabulary.

write grammatically correct sentences and paragraphs.

identify, understand and use the Active and Passive Voice in
sentences.
WARMER
State 3 important values in life.
1. ________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________
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TEXT A
Read the following passage.
PUT YOUR BEST FOOT FORWARD
An elderly carpenter was ready to retire. He told his employer, a contractor, of his
plan to leave the house building business and live a more leisurely life with his wife
enjoying his extended family. He would miss the pay cheque, but he needed to retire.
They could get by.
The contractor was sorry to see his good worker go and asked if he could build just
one more house as a personal favour. The carpenter said yes, but it was easy to see
that his heart was not in his work. He resorted to shoddy workmanship and used inferior
materials. It was an unfortunate way to end his career.
When the carpenter finished his work and the builder came to inspect the house,
the contractor handed the front-door key to the carpenter. “This is your house,” he said,
“My gift to you.”
What a shock! What a shame! If he had only known he was building his own house,
he would have done it all so differently. Now he had to live in the home he had built none
too well.
So it is with us. We build our lives in a distracted way, reacting rather than acting,
ready to put up less than the best. At important points we do not give the job our best
effort. Then with a shock we look at the situation we have created and find that we are
now living in the house we have built. If we had realized, we would have done it
differently.
Think of yourself as the carpenter. Think about your house. Each day you hammer a
nail, place a board or erect a wall. Build wisely. It is the only life you will ever build. Even
if you live it for only one day more, that day deserves to be lived graciously and with
dignity. Your life today is the result of your attitudes and choices in the past. Your life
tomorrow will be the result of your attitudes and the choices you make today.
( Improve Your English Through Comprehension Practice, System Publishing House. Pte. Ltd, Singapore,
2000)
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MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT.
EXERCISE 1
Read the story and answer all the questions.
1. Why did the carpenter want to retire?
____________________________________________________.
2. Who was the carpenter’s employer?
____________________________________________________.
3. What did the employer ask from the carpenter before his retirement?
____________________________________________________.
4. Did the carpenter agree to carry out the employer’s request?
_____________________________________________________.
5. Describe how the carpenter did his work.
_____________________________________________________.
6. What do we learn from the story?
_____________________________________________________.
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Refer to your dictionary to find the meanings of the words based on the text given.
1. leisurely
- ___________________________
2. pay cheque
- ___________________________
3. inspect
- ___________________________
4. gift
- ___________________________
5. inferior
- ___________________________
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LANGUAGE AWARENESS
THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

A sentence is in the Active Voice when the subject or the doer of the action is
at the beginning of a sentence.
Example :
1. Mechanics
repair
subject / doer
2. The dog
subject / doer
cars.
active verb
object
bit
me.
active verb
object
3. She gave me some medicine.
4. Pak Ali told us an interesting story.
5. The students welcomed the Prime Minister.

A sentence is in the Passive Voice when the object or the receiver of the action
is at the beginning of a sentence .
Note : Sometimes, the subject / doer may be left out if it is not important or not known.
Example :
1. Cars
object / receiver
2.
I
Object / receiver
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are repaired
by
mechanics.
by
the
passive verb
was bitten
dog.
passive verb
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3. Some medicine was given to us.
4. An interesting story was told to us.
5. The Prime Minister was welcomed.
SUMMARY
When changing an active sentence to a passive,
(i) we must replace the active verb by the matching passive verb.
(ii) the object of the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive sentence.
(iii) the subject of the active form becomes the doer / object in the passive form.
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FORMS
The passive voice is formed by using the suitable tense of the verb ‘be’, followed by the
past participle of the active verb, as shown in the table below.
Tense / Modal
Simple Present
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Simple Past
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Simple Future
Can / may / must
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Active
give
gives
Passive
am given
is given
are given
am giving
am being given
is giving
is being given
are giving
are being given
has given
has been given
have given
have been given
gave
was given
were given
was giving
was being given
were giving
were being given
had given
had been giving
will give
will be given
shall give
shall be given
can give
can be given
must give
must be given
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EXERCISE 3
Write the correct form of the verbs given below.
Simple Present
Simple Past
Past Participle
take
took
taken
bring
brought
buy
bought
eat
eaten
plan
planned
gave
grow
grew
hit
hurt
hit
hurt
leave
left
lost
make
find
found
read
save
saved
send
sent
speak
spoken
spent
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lost
made
read
take
given
spent
took
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taught
go
went
visit
visited
wear
taught
worn
wrote
do
written
did
kick
kicked
chase
chased
meet
met
play
played
EXERCISE 4
For each sentence in the Active Voice, circle the letter of the correct sentence in
the Passive Voice.
1. The boy kicked the ball.
A. The ball was kick by the boy.
B. The ball is kicked by the boy.
C. The ball was kicked by the boy.
2. My grandfather plants many vegetables in our garden.
A. Many vegetables in our garden are planted by my grandfather.
B. Many vegetables in our garden planted my grandfather.
C. Many vegetables in our garden are plant by my grandfather.
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3. The headmistress called Mr. Lim to her office.
A. The headmistress was called by Mr. Lim to her office.
B. Mr. Lim was called by the headmistress to her office.
C. Mr. Lim was call by the headmistress to her office.
4. The tiger attacked the hunter.
A. The hunter was attacked by the tiger.
B. The hunter was by the tiger attacked.
C. By the tiger, the hunter was attacked.
5. Fans cool these rooms.
A. These fans are cooling rooms.
B. The rooms are cool by fans.
C. These rooms are cooled by fans.
6. Sheila invented the game.
A. The game invented by Sheila.
B. The game was invented by Sheila.
C. The game is invented by Sheila.
7. Architects design buildings.
A. Buildings are designed by architects.
B. Buildings are by architects design.
C. Buildings are design by architects.
8. A lifeguard saved him.
A. He saved a lifeguard.
B. A lifeguard was saved by him.
C. He was saved by a lifeguard.
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9. Wild animals fear fire.
A. Fire is feared by wild animals.
B. Fire feared by wild animals.
C. Fire are feared by wild animals.
10. Her voice soothed me.
A. I am soothed by her voice.
B. I was soothed by her voice.
C. I was soothe by her voice.
WRITING
EXERCISE 5
Answer the questions based on the stimulus.
Your answers must be in complete sentences and written in a paragraph.
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1. What has just happened?
2. Where do you think it happened?
3. Describe the condition of the car
4. In your opinion, how did the accident happen?
5. Give other causes of road accidents.
6. How can we prevent road accidents?
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TEXT B
Read the text below.
A young man approached the foreman of a logging crew and asked for a job.
“That depends,” replied the foreman. “Let’s see you fell this tree.” The young man
stepped forward, and skillfully cut down tree. Impressed, the foreman exclaimed,
“You can start on Monday.”
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday rolled by, and on Thursday
afternoon the foreman approached the young man and said, “You can pick up your
pay cheque on your way out today.”
Startled, the young man replied, “I thought you pay on Friday”.
“Normally we do,” said the foreman. “But we are letting you go today because
you’ve fallen behind. Our daily felling charts show that you’ve dropped from first place
on Monday to the last place today.”
“But I’m a hardworking man,” the young man objected. “I arrive first, leave
last, and even worked through my coffee breaks!”
The foreman sensing the young man’s integrity, thought for a minute and then
asked, “Have you been sharpening your axe?”
The young man replied, “No sir, I’ve been working too hard to take time for
that!”
Our lives are like that. We sometimes get so busy and we don’t take time to
“sharpen the axe”. In today’s world, it seems everyone is busier than ever, but less
happy than ever. Why is that? Could it be that we have forgotten how to stay sharp?
Activity and hard work are positive attributes. But in so doing, we often neglect
the truly important things in life, like taking time to be, to listen, to relax, to think, to
learn and to grow. We do not even have the time to be kind anymore.
Hour by hour, and day by day, our life slips away. If we don’t take time to
sharpen the axe, we will become dull and in sensitive and eventually lose our
effectiveness as human beings.
Source : Improve Your English Through Comprehension,
System Publishing Pte. Ltd., Singapore, 2000.
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MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT.
EXERCISE 1
Answer the questions below.
1. What did the young man ask from the foreman?
2. Did the young man get what he wanted?
3. Describe what happened on Thursday afternoon.
4. Why was the young man “startled”?
5. What reasons did the young man say to defend his integrity?
6. In your opinion, what does the phrase “sharpen the axe” mean?
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WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Using the dictionary, find the different meanings of the words below.
LOG
_____________________
____________________
_________________
NORMALLY
OBJECTED
INTEGRITY
IMPORTANT
___________________________
__________________________
STARTLED
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___________________________
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
EXERCISE 3
Refer to the grammar notes given in Text A.
Name the type of sentences given by placing “A” for Active Voice and “P” for
Passive Voice in the brackets.
1. Your computer keyboard should be changed regularly
(
)
2. My wife and I met while attending college together.
(
)
3. My mother spends her time outside with her plants.
(
)
4. The clothes are being washed by the maid.
(
)
5. My mother-in-law greeted us and hugged my daughter.
(
)
6. An accident took place near the Senawang toll yesterday.
(
)
7. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
(
)
8. Heavy schoolbags would give you lower back pain.
(
)
9. A boy was knocked down by a speeding car.
(
)
10. The Lims painted their house pink!
(
)
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EXERCISE 4
Change the sentences from the Active Voice to the Passive Voice.
1. A bee stung me this morning.
______________________________________________________________________
2. Schoolchildren use the pedestrian crossing every day.
______________________________________________________________________
3. The music centre holds three concerts every year.
______________________________________________________________________
4. The players chose Adam to be their captain.
______________________________________________________________________
5. Many Europeans appreciate Asian art.
______________________________________________________________________
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WRITING
EXERCISE 5
With the help of the notes below, write a recount of a family holiday to Taman
Negara, Pahang.
 Use the Active Voice to describe the different stages.
 Use conjunctions appropriately – do not use the same ones over and over.
 Use the past tense.

20 December – left home at 8 a.m. – five-hour journey – checked into hotel

21 December – hiked up Gunung Tahan – enjoyed fresh mountain air – lush
green jungle – flora and fauna – beautiful scenery – took photographs

22 December – canopy walk – 400 metres long – exciting to walk 25 metres
above the ground

23 December – packed things – got ready to go home – exhausted but happy
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TEXT C
Read the text below.
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What Goes Round Comes Round
He almost didn’t see the old lady, stranded on the side of the road. But even
in the dim light of evening, he could see she needed help. So he pulled up in front of
her Mercedes and got out. His old Pontiac was still sputtering as he approached her.
Although he had a smile on his face, she was worried. No one had stopped to
help for last hour or so. Out in the middle of nowhere, anything could happen. Who
was he? Was he going to hurt her? He didn’t look safe; he looked poor and hungry.
But it would be worse to stand there on the road side, cold and frightened.
He could see that she was frightened standing out there in the cold. He knew
how she felt. It was that chill which only fear can put in you. He said, “I’m here to help
you, ma’am. Don’t worry. Why don’t you wait in the car where it’s warm? By the way,
my name is Bryan.”
Well, all she had was a flat tyre, but for an old lady, that was bad enough.
Bryan crawled under the car looking for a place to the jack, skinning his knuckles a
time or two. Soon he was able to change the tyre. But he had to get dirty and his
hands hurt. As he was tightening up the lug nuts, she rolled down the window and
began to talk to him. She told him, “I’m from St. Louis. I’ve never come this way
before. I’m only passing through.”
She couldn’t thank him enough for coming to her aid. Bryan just smiled as he
closed her boot. She asked him, “How much do I owe you?” Any amount would have
been alright with her. She already imagined all the terrible things that could have
happened had he not stopped. The next person who stopped may have taken
advantage of her helplessness.
Bryan never thought twice about the money. This was not a job to him. This
was helping someone in it, and God knows there were plenty who had given him a
hand in the past. He had lived his whole life that way, and it never occurred to him to
act any other way.
He told her, “If you really want to pay me back, the next time you see
someone who needs help, you could give that person the assistance they need,” and
Bryan added, ”…….. and think of me.”
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He waited until she started her car and drove off. It had been a cold and
depressing day but he felt good as he headed for home, disappearing into the
twilight.
A few miles down the road the lady saw a small café. She went in to grab a
bite to eat, and take the chill off before she make the leg of her trip home. It was a
dingy – restaurant. Outside were two old petrol pumps.
The whole scene was unfamiliar to her. The cash register was like the
telephone of an out – of – work actor – it didn’t ring much. Her waitress came over
and bought a clean towel to wipe her wet hair. She had a sweet smile, one that even
being on her feet for the whole day had not erased.
The lady noticed the waitress was nearly eight months pregnant, but she
never let the strain and aches change her attitude. The old lady wondered how
someone who had so little could be so giving to a stranger. Then she remembered
Bryan.
After the lady finished her meal, and the waitress went to get change for her $
100 note, the lady slipped right out the door. She was gone by the time the waitress
came back. The waitress wondered where the lady could be, and then she noticed
something written on the napkin. And underneath were four $ 100 notes.
There were tears in her eyes when she read what the lady had written: “You
don’t owe me anything, I have been there too. Somebody once helped me out, the
way I’m helping you. If you really want to pay me back, here is what you do: Do not
let this chain of love end with you.”
Well there were tables to clear, sugar bowls to fill and people to serve, but the
waitress made it through another day. That night when she got home from work and
climbed into bed, she was thinking about the money and what the lady had written.
How could the lady have known how much she and her husband needed it?
With the baby due next month it was going to be hard. She knew worried her
husband was, and as he lay sleeping next to her, she gave him a soft kiss and
whispered soft and low, “Everything’s going to be alright ; I love you , Bryan.”
Source : Junior Statesman, VOL 9, 2006. p.p 38 & 39.
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MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
EXERCISE 1
Answer the questions below.
1. Why was it difficult to see the old lady on the side of the road?
2. What cars were they driving?
i) The man - ____________________________
ii)The old lady - ___________________________
3. Why do you think the old lady “was worried" when she saw the man stop his car?
4. How did the man help her?
5. a) How did the old lady want to repay the man for his kindness?
b) What did the man say to this?
6. After the old lady had finished her meal at the café, what did she do?
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WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the web with 8 values you noticed in Bryan and his wife.
Bryan & Wife
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LANGUAGE AWARENESS
EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Active Voice
:
Passive Voice
:
Active Voice
:
Many teenagers wear jeans and t-shirts.
Passive Voice
:
Jeans and t-shirts are ____________ by many teenagers.
Active Voice
:
The explosion rocked the building.
Passive Voice
:
The building was ____________ by the explosion.
Active Voice
:
Today, children in many countries read her books.
Passive Voice
:
Active Voice
:
All of us miss him.
Passive Voice
:
He is ____________ by all of us.
Active Voice
:
A group of mountain climbers saw a strange animal.
Passive Voice
:
Active Voice
:
Passive Voice
:
Active Voice
:
Passive Voice
:
Active Voice
:
Most of the animals in the jungle fear the tiger.
Passive Voice
:
The tiger is ___________ by most of the animals in the jungle.
Self Access Learning
Six monkeys rode two horses in the circus act.
Two horses were ______________ by six monkeys in the
circus acts.
Today, her books are ____________ by children in many
countries.
A strange animal was ___________ by a group of mountain
climbers.
The nervous examination candidates forgot a lot of points.
A lot of points were ___________ by the nervous examination
candidates.
Nowadays, girls as well as boys attend universities.
Nowadays, universities are ___________ by girls as well as
boys.
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10. Active Voice
Passive Voice
:
The little girl sells pretty baskets.
:
Pretty baskets are ___________ by the little girl.
EXERCISE 4
Correct the errors in the sentences below.
1. The train was delaying by two hours.
2. Her cell phone was take away by the principal.
3. The book was wrote by a well-known author.
4. Daniel was been adopted by the Tans.
5. The light was been put out by the guard last night.
6. The cat was biting by the dog.
7. We are been teach Science by Encik Rahman.
8. The plate was broke by my aunt.
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WRITING
EXERCISE 5
With the help of the notes below, write a story. Make your story as interesting as
possible.









Self Access Learning
Ali and friends – catching butterflies
heard voices of two students
realized that boys were punished by discipline
teacher
boys planned to burn down the discipline
teacher’s room
Ali and friends notified the guard on duty
telephoned the police
that night – Ali and friends saw boys – carried
cans of petrol
police arrived
arrested the boys
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ANSWER KEY
WARMER
1. honesty
2. hardworking
3. cooperation
TEXT A
EXERCISE 1
1. He wanted to enjoy a more leisurely life with his wife.
2. A contractor.
3. To build a house.
4. Yes.
5. He did a shoddy job.
6. Our life is the result of our attitudes and choices.
EXERCISE 2
1. relaxed
2. salary
3. check
4. present
5. cheap
EXERCISE 3
1. brought
2. bought
3. ate
4. planned
5. give
6. grown
7. hit
8. hurt
9. left
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10. lose
11. made
12. found
13. read
14. saved
15. sent
16. spoke
17. spend
18. taken
19. teach
20. gone
21. visited
22. wore
23. write
24. done
25. kicked
26. chased
27. met
28. played
EXERCISE 4
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. C
9. A
10. B
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EXERCISE 5 (Sample Answer)
A car accident has just happened in front of the school. The car is badly
damaged. I think the driver lost control of the car due to a punctured tyre or maybe he
was trying to overtake another car at the sharp bend. Road accidents can be prevented
if drivers follow traffic rules and drive carefully. Besides that, drivers have to make sure
that their cars are in good condition.
TEXT B
EXERCISE 1
1. He asked for a job.
2. Yes, he did.
3. The foreman told the young man that he can take his pay cheque on that day.
4. The young man thought that payday was Friday. He was wondering as to why
the foreman asked him to collect the pay cheque on Thursday.
5. He said that he arrived first at work, left the last and worked through coffee
breaks.
6. We must maintain an active mind and have time for ourselves.
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EXERCISE 2
log
To keep a record
Normally
Thick piece of wood
To travel a particular
distance
usually
Often
Objected
disagreed
Integrity
high principles
Important
Vital
Startled
shocked
EXERCISE 3
1. P
2. A
3. A
4. P
5. A
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. P
10. A
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EXERCISE 4
1. I was stung by a bee this morning
2. The pedestrian crossing is used by school children everyday
3. Every year, three concerts are held at the music centre
4. Adam was chosen to be the captain
5. Asian art is appreciated by many Europeans
EXERCISE 5 (Sample Answer)
During December holiday, my family and I went to Taman Negara, Pahang. We
left on 20 December at 8 o’clock. It was a five-hour journey. When we reached there, we
checked into a hotel that we have booked earlier.
On 21 December, we hiked up Gunung Tahan. We were accompanied by a
tourist guide. We enjoyed the fresh mountain air, lush green jungle, and the flora and
fauna. The scenery was very beautiful and we took many photographs.
On the next day, we went on the canopy walk. It was a very challenging activity.
The walk was 400 metres long and it was 20 metres above the ground.
On the last day, we packed our things and got ready to go home. It was an
exhausted holiday but we were very happy.
TEXT C
EXERCISE 1
1. The evening light was dim.
2. a.Pontiac
b.Mercedes
3.
She was frightened and was suspicious of the stranger who has stopped by the
side of the road.
4
He had replaced her flat tyre.
5
a. She wanted to pay him.
b.” if you really want to pay me back ,the next time you see someone who needs
help,you could give that person the assistance they need … and think of me”.
6
The old lady had left four $100 notes underneath the napkin for the waitress.
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EXERCISE 2

Kind

Honest

Friendly

Caring

Happy

Smiling

Diligent

Helpful

Giving

Sincere
EXERCISE 3
1. ridden
2. worn
3. rocked
4. read
5. missed
6. seen
7. forgotten
8. attended
9. feared
10. sold
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EXERCISE 4
1. The train was delayed by two hours
2. Her cellphone was taken away by the principal
3. The book was written by a well-known writer
4. Danial was adopted by Mr. Tan.
5. The light was put out by the guard last night
6. The cat was bitten by the dog
7. we are taught science by Encik Rahman
8. The plate was broken by my aunt.
EXERCISE 5 (Sample Answer)
It was a fine day. Ali and his friends, Raju and Ah Meng, decided to catch
butterflies in the jungle behind their house. Ali parted from his two friends as he followed
a large colourful butterfly flying from one flower to the other.
Suddenly he stopped in his track when he saw two boys talking behind a big tree.
He recognised them as the boys who were punished by the discipline teacher for playing
truant.
He suspected the boys were planning a bad action as they were murmuring
secretively. He heard one of the boy said, “…let’s burn his room. That will teach him a
lesson.”
Immediately Ali informed his friends about what he had heard. They realized that
the boys were planning down their discipline teacher’s room. So they ran as fast as they
could and informed the guard on duty. The guard quickly telephoned the police.
The police laid an ambush for the two boys. The boys turned up at the school just
as night fell. They carried with them two large cans of petrol. Just as they started
splashing the discipline teacher’s room with petrol, the police appeared and arrested
them.
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WEEK 16
CULTURE &
LANGUAGE
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WEEK
:
16
THEME
:
CULTURE AND LANGUAGE
TIME
:
5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES: By the end of the unit, you should be able to:
 read and understand the text by answering comprehension questions related to
the text.
 skim and scan the text to identify synonyms based on the words and phrases in
the text.
 understand the grammar item: present participle and past participle and their
usage.
 write a short paragraph incorporating the grammar item learned in the unit.
WARMER
A. Name two of your favourite Malaysian food
1._________________________________
2._________________________________
B. Name two types of fast food that you know.
1.
_____________________________
2.
_____________________________
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TEXT A
Read the text below
MALAYSIAN EATING HABITS
In recent years, many changes have taken place in the Malaysian diet.
Traditional meals have become less common. Today, Malaysians do not make
meals ”from scratch” as often as they do in the past. More and more Malaysians
buy microwavable and other fast foods to heat at home.
Eating at home has also become less common and restaurants have
become a major part of the Malaysian lives. Today, Malaysians spend most of
their money on meals that they eat away from home.
Over the years these changes in eating habits have affected jobs
nationwide. Since the 1980s, the restaurant industry has grown tremendously in
Malaysia. Today more people are involved in the food industries.
(Adapted from: Werner, Patricia. (1996) Content-Based Grammar.
Singapore: McGraw-Hill International Editions.)
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
EXERCISE 1
Answer the questions based on the text above.
1.
What has happened to traditional meals? (paragraph 1)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2.
How do Malaysians spend most of their money? (paragraph 2)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
3.
Since 1980’s what has grown tremendously in Malaysia? (paragraph 3)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
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WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Find the words with the opposite meaning of the words given below. You may
refer to a dictionary.
Words / phrases of the
opposite meaning
Words / phrases from the text
1. slow
2. minor
3. unusual
4. cool
5. slightly
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
Participles are verb forms with two different jobs.
1.
as an adjective:
When participles act as adjective they end in -ing, -d, -ed, -en, or –t.
e.g.
broken kite
burning question
whipped cream
dancing shoes
burnt toes
breaking news
2.
as a way to show tense:
In this job, participles combine with auxiliary or helping verbs.
See Unit 3 to revise on verbs.
e.g.
I might have flown my kite.
helping
verb
participle
I had flown my kite.
helping participle
verb
Self Access Learning
I am flying my kite.
helping participle
verb
I will be flying my kite.
helping participle
verb
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Present participles state the continuous nature of the action and usually ends in -ing.
e.g.
He reads.
He was reading …
He is reading…
I participate.
participating…
I am participating…
I was participating…
He will be reading…
I shall be
The participles cannot stand alone:
e.g.
The tap leaking. ( × )
The tap is leaking. (√ )
EXERCISE 3
Fill in the box with the correct participles.
Root verb
e.g I play.
Present participles
I have been playing.
Past participles
I had played.
1. He eats.
2. You swim.
3. They draw.
4. She cooks.
5. Larry writes.
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EXERCISE 4
Underline the past participle in the following sentences
1.
In recent years, many changes have taken place in the Malaysian diet.
2.
Traditional meals have become less common.
3.
Over the years these changes in eating habits have affected jobs nationwide.
4.
Since the 1980s, the restaurant industry has grown tremendously in Malaysia.
WRITING
EXERCISE 5
What is your favourite food? List down two reasons why you like it in the boxes
provided.
Favourite Food
1.__________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________
Now, write a short paragraph of 50 words on reasons why you like your favourite
food.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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TEXT B
Read the passage below
RAMADAN AND HARI RAYA
In multi-racial Malaysia, what is all right for one might not be all right for others due to
differences in cultural backgrounds. This means that what is all right for foreigners might
not be all right for Malaysians. For example, when entering a Malaysian’s home, shoes
should be removed because they do not want to dirty their homes.
Hari Raya is the most significant celebration for Muslims which signifies the end of the
fasting month of Ramadhan. The celebration is determined by sighting of the new moon
on the day, before the next month on the Muslim calendar, Syawal. The words ‘Hari
Raya’ means 'day of celebration.'
Ramadhan is the name of the one-month fasting period when Muslims fast from dawn till
sunset. During the period of fasting, apart from eating and drinking, Muslims are also
forbidden from smoking and having sexual relations. Only the sick are excused from
fasting during this month. Muslims are expected to avoid lying, breaking promise or
cheating during the month of Ramadhan. It is to remind them of the plight of the poor
and hungry people.
Muslims start the day by wearing new clothes and gathering in the mosques early in the
morning to perform the Hari Raya Puasa prayers followed by visiting the graves. The
youngs will ask for forgiveness from their elders. The Muslims also have open house for
relatives and friends to come to their house. Plenty of traditional Malay delicacies are
served during this festive season. Houses are cleaned and decorated.
Some of the favourite dishes prepared are ketupat, lontong, nasi padang and beef
rendang. Overall, Hari Raya Puasa is a joyous occasion for Muslims.
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
Exercise 1: Answer the questions below.
1.
What does the word ‘Hari Raya’ means?
________________________________________________________________
2.
Who are excused from fasting during Ramadhan?
________________________________________________________________
3.
What are some of the favourite dishes served on Hari Raya?
________________________________________________________________
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WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Find the meanings of the words below. You may refer to a dictionary.
Words / phrases from the text
1. right
2.
favourite
3.
forbidden
4.
delicacies
5.
occasion
Meaning
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
GRAMMAR NOTES
Past participle
They help to make the past tense of a verb and usually end in –ed,-d,-en, or -n.

They follow verbs such as, had, have, was, and were to form new tenses.
e.g. The present was given to the child.
The fingerprints were matched to the suspect.
He had received a warning but ignored it.

There are exceptions e.g. I buy – I have bought
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EXERCISE 3
Read the passage below and fill in the blanks with the past participle form of the
verbs in the bracket.
Clocks and watches have [1]___________( go ) through a lot of changes since man first
told time by looking at the sun. Of course, looking at the sun was not a very good way of
telling the time. The sun changes its position the whole year round. So, it is not always
overhead at noon.
Man has [2] ____________ ( use ) various other methods of telling the time. He has
[3]__________ (pour ) water into a container with the hours of the day marked on it. He
has [ 4 ]______________( lit )candles marked with the hours of the day. He has also
[5]_____________( apply ) the shadow cast a stick left standing in the sun. He has [6]
_____________ ( allow ) the fine sand to flow from one part of a glass container into a
lower part.
EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks with the past participle form of the verb in the brackets.
1. She had ______________ ( disappear ) before I could see her face clearly.
2. After I ___________ ( clear ) the mess, I went home.
3. They had _____________ ( go ) to school when I reached their house.
4. The fire had ______________ ( stop ) when the firemen arrived.
5. The plane had ____________ ( arrive ) when we reached the airport.
6. The sun had ______________ ( rise ) when I woke up.
7. After she had ____________ ( do ) her homework, she went out.
8. As I had ______________ ( have ) my breakfast, I was not hungry.
9. We had _______________ ( finish ) painting the house when he returned.
10. After I had _____________ ( cook ) the rice, I fried the fish.
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WRITING
Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
ORANG ASLI
The Jahai are Orang Asli who live in the jungles of Perak and Kelantan. The
Jahai are small tribe (1) ______ about 1000 members. They live deep (2)_________ the
jungle. The Jahai do not ( 3 ) ____________ live close together. Sometimes only
(4)________ family may be found living in (5)_____ valley or on the hill. They
(6)________ that diseases will attack them if (7)_______ live close together. It will also
(8)_____ difficult for them to find food.
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ANSWER KEY
WARMER
A
1. Rojak
2. Fried Mee
B
1. Pizza
2. Burger
TEXT A
EXERCISE 1
1.
It has become less common.
2.
On food.
3.
Restaurant industry.
EXERCISE 2
1.
fast
2.
major
3.
common
4.
heat
5.
tremendously
EXERCISE 3
1.
He has been eating.
He had eaten.
2.
You have been swimming.
You had swam.
3.
They have been drawing.
They had drawn.
4.
She has been cooking.
She had cooked.
5.
Larry has been writing.
Larry had written.
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EXERCISE 4
1.
have taken place
2.
have became
3.
have affected
4.
has grown
EXERCISE 5
1.
tasty
2.
spicy
My favourite food is nasi lemak. It is cheap and can be easily bought. It is made from
rice cooked in coconut milk. It is delicious to be eaten with sambal, hard-boiled egg
and slices of fresh cucumber. It is usually eaten for breakfast. It is often wrapped with
banana leaf.
TEXT B
EXERCISE 1
1. Day of celebration.
2. Only the sick are excused from fasting.
3. Ketupat , lontong , nasi padang and beef rendang.
EXERCISE 2
WORDS
MEANING
Right
Correct
Favourite
Liked or most enjoyed
Forbidden
To refuse to allow something
Delicacies
Something especially rare
occassion
A particular time especially when
something happens
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EXERCISE 3
1. gone
2. used
3. poured
4. lit
5. applied
6. allowed
EXERCISE 4
1. disappeared
2. cleared
3. gone
4. stopped
5. arrived
6. risen
7. done
8. had
9. finished
10. cooked
EXERCISE 5
The Jahai are Orang Asli who live in the jungles of Perak and Kelantan. The Jahai are
small tribe with about 1000 members. They live deep in the jungle. The Jahai do not
like to live close together. Sometimes only one family may be found living in the valley
or on the hill. They believe that diseases will attack them if they live close together. It
will also be difficult for them to find food.
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MODEL TEST
PAPER 1
SECTION A (10 MARKS)
Choose the best answer.
1. We had to stop the match because it ________ heavily.
A rain
B rains
C rained
D raining
2. Last week, I ______ a letter of complaint to the management.
A write
B wrote
C have written
D was writing
3. Everyone of them __________ not satisfied with her present performance in the
class.
A is
B are
C has
D have
4. The prices of the things he bought ________ very high.
A is
B are
C was
D were
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5. We _______ tea this morning when my uncle called me.
A drink
B were drinking
C are drinking
D drank
6. The chef is famous for __________ spaghetti.
A baking
B steaming
C frying
D poaching
7. “ You should not ________ easily. Keep trying and you will be successful,” Mrs Lim
told her students.
A keep up
B give up
C give out
D keep out
8. We had _______ painting when he returned.
A complete
B completes
C completed
D completing
9. Clocks and watches have _________ through a lot of changes.
A gone
B go
C went
D going
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10 My grandfather plants many vegetables in our garden.
(Change this sentence to the passive voice).
A Many vegetables in our garden planted my grandfather.
B Many vegetables in our garden is planting my grandfather.
C Many vegetables in our garden are plant by my grandfather.
D Many vegetables in our garden are planted by my grandfather.
SECTION B (10 MARKS)
Each of the following sentences contain an error. Identify the error.
11. The butcher had finish selling almost all the meat by afternoon.
A
B
C
D
12. Omar usually play badminton with his friends during the weekends.
A
B
C
D
13. Yesterday, Siti buys some mangoes as they were cheap.
A
B
C
D
14 That kind lady never stops help her neighbours.
A
B
C
D
15 I am happy to knew that I have passed my test.
A
B
C
D
16. Neither Shahid nor Rahim have the courage to ask questions to the speaker.
A
B
C
D
17. I don’t think I can made any changes because the date of the competition is fixed.
A
B
C
D
18. The teachers were in to a big surprise on teachers’ day.
A
B
C
D
19. Aini was washing the car while her husband were cutting the hedges in the garden.
A
B
C
D
20. The chocolate cake was eating by the children at the party.
A
B
C
D
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SECTION C (5 MARKS)
Read the text below carefully . Choose the best answer from the given options to
complete the text.
To maintain a healthy lifestyle, we (21)________be careful of what we eat. By (22)
_____________the food pyramid, people become aware of the basic serving sizes of
the food group that they (23) ____________ every day. Our diet must contain all
essential food groups that include carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, minerals and fibre.
Besides eating a variety of foods, we must (24) ____________ a diet low in salt, sugar ,
saturated fat and cholesterol and increase our intake of fruits, vegetables and grains. We
should also cut (25) ___________ on oily food.
21. A must
B
might
22. A follow
B following
23. A needs
B is needing
24. A choose
B
chose
C may
D could
C
followed
D
follows
C
needed
D
need
C. choosing
D. chooses
25. A. up
C. down
B
D. away
in
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SECTION D ( 5 MARKS )
Read the text carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Traditional meals have become less common. Today, Malaysians do not make
meals ‘from scratch’ as often as they do in the past. More and more Malaysians buy
microwavable and other fast food to heat at home.
26. What has substituted traditional meals?
A. microwavable and fast food.
B. junk food.
C. western food.
D. home-cooked food.
Read the text carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Many types of food are also dehydrated to preserve them. These include for
example, powdered milk, dried fruits and vegetable, powdered soup, pastas and
instant noodles. Most bacteria die or become completely inactive when dried.
Therefore, dried food stored in airtight containers can last for quite a long time.
Drying sometimes completely alters the taste of the food but in many cases, a
completely new food is created that way like as much as the original.
27. Why is food dehydrated?
A. to make it taste better.
B. to make it last longer.
C. to make it look attractive.
D. to make it sold easily.
28. What happens when food is dehydrated?
A. the bacteria becomes active.
B. the food loses it’s colour.
C. the bacteria becomes inactive.
D. the food is more expensive.
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Read the text carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Deforestation has led to the loss of natural habitat for the animals in the forests.
They eventually die because they lose their source of food and shelter. Some even
migrate to the towns and killed because they threaten men.
29. What has led to the lost of natural habitat for animals in the forests?
A. the hunting of animals.
B. the shortage of water.
C. the planting of trees.
D. the cutting down of trees.
30. Why do these animals migrate to the town?
A. to look for food and shelter.
B. to look for companion.
C. to threaten men.
D. to find better environment.
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SECTION E (5 MARKS)
Read the text below carefully. Choose the best answer from the given options to
complete the text.
There are some drawbacks of using the mobile phones. Most of them are
____________( 31 ) to its misuse. Firstly, the _________( 32 ) of mobile phones during
driving can cause accidents. Furthermore, _________ ( 33 ) use of mobile phone
causes genetic diseases and even sometimes cancer to users. Besides due to over use
mobile phones creates ( 34 ) __________ during work so it is (35 ) ____________ in
libraries, schools , banks , hospitals and even sometimes in colleges during class.
31. A related
B
32.
33.
34.
35.
wanted
C based
D directed
A mass
C function
B usage
D purchase
A huge
C large
B limited
D unlimited
A peace
C mistakes
B
D disturbances
harmony
A given
C prohibited
B allowed
D encouraged
KERTAS UJIAN TAMAT
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ANSWER KEY
Paper 1
Section A
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. D
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. D
Section B
11. A
( finished)
12. B
( plays)
13. A
( bought)
14. C
( helping)
15. B
( know)
16. A
( has)
17. A
( make0
18. C
( for)
19. D
( was)
20. B
( eaten)
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Section C
21. A
22. B
23. D
24. A
25. C
Section D
26. A
27. B
28. C
29. D
30. C
Section E
31. A
32. B
33. D
34. D
35. C
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SECTION A ( 10 marks)
Answer all questions.
1. Fill in the blanks with a suitable word.
My sense of direction is not very good and I easily get lost. One day,
about ten years ago, I was (1)__________ in the mountains between Pahang and
Perak when (2) _________ weather began to turn bad. I started to find my way back
downhill because I did not want to be (3) ____________ in a storm but after a few
hundred metres I realised that I (4) ___________ not sure of the way. The clouds
turned dark and (5) __________ started to rain.
I (6) _______________
as loud as I (7) ___________ but of course
there was nobody close enough to hear me. After two hours the rain stopped and I
was able to start walking again. I was very cold and hungry and I had nothing to eat
except a few sweets. About half an hour later I suddenly recognised my surroundings
and I realised that I was only two or three hundred metres from the campsite. (8)
_______________ , my troubles were not over. On my way down, I slipped and hit
my knee (9) ____________ a rock. There was a deep cut and it hurt very (10)
__________ and as soon as I got back to the camp, I went to see a doctor.
Fortunately, nothing was broken.
(Adapted from The Cambridge English Course M.
Swan & C. Walter, 1999, Cambridge University
Press.)
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Section B ( 10 marks)
Read the following text and transfer the information into the diagram below.
FORESTS
In spite of all the warnings, we are still not looking after our planet. Look at what
is happening to our forests. We are cutting them down at an alarming rate. If we
keep on doing this, many animals and plants will become extinct. Rare species, such
as the mountain gorillas, are already in danger. More will follow.
Forests are important for another reason, too. They help to slow the rate of global
warming. Trees soak up gases like carbon dioxide, which are given out by power
stations and factories. They also produce oxygen, and act as the lungs of the world.
It is clear that forests make a major contribution to the health of our planet. So it
is a sad fact that very few governments have passed laws to protect them. Now,
United Nations chiefs are studying the problem. They say that the best way to save
forests is by educating the local people. These people often cut down forests
because it is the only way they can earn a living. But they do not wish to destroy their
forest unnecessarily. If they are offered a different way to make money, hopefully
they will leave the forests alone.
(Source: Get On Track to FCE , M. Stephens Longman 2002)
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FORESTS
Effects of cutting down
forests
11. _____________________
Importance of forests
_____________________
-e.g. Slow the rate of global
warming
13. ______________________
12 ____________________
______________________
_____________________
Ways to save the forests
14. ___________________
15. ___________________
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SECTION C ( 5 marks)
Read the text and match the meanings of the words in Box A to Box B.
Physical activity is another component of maintaining good health. Physical
activity is any aerobic activity done three or four time a week. Exercise can be
walking, jogging, swimming, cycling or playing games and sports. Exercising can
increase metabolism and stamina and help develop strong bones and muscles.
Exercising has physical advantages as well as psychological benefits. Physically,
exercising increases lean muscle mass and decreases fatty tissue. Psychologically,
it gives people more confidence and a positive body image.
BOX A
BOX B
maintaining
strength
increase
slim
stamina
keeping up
lean
self-assurance
confidence
raise
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SECTION D (5 marks)
Read and answer the following questions.
The World Wide Fund (WWF ) for Nature is the world’s largest independent
conservation organization having more than five million supporters. In every country
where the WWF is represented, its missions are to:

preserve the variety of plants and animals.

ensure that we use our natural resources carefully with an eye to the future.

show communities how to reduce pollution and avoid wasteful consumption.
To achieve the missions above, the WWF lobbies governments, carries out public
awareness campaigns and conducts research in the field.
The global challenge for groups like WWF is to bring about the change in the way
our society views concepts such as economic growth and the need to include
conservation in planning. We need to start with our kids; a creative approach to
environment education is needed now more than ever.
21. What does WWF stand for?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
22. State 2 objectives of WWF.
1._____________________________________________________________________
2._____________________________________________________________________
23. What are the efforts taken by WWF to achieve its objectives?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
24. What are the global challenges for WWF?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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SECTION E (10 MARKS)
You want to have an aquarium in your class. Write the help of the notes below,
write down your instructions. The first one has been done for you.
Example:
(collect-buy-aquarium)
Class, please collect RM2 each to buy an aquarium.
26. buy- fish- decorations- aquarium
___________________________________________________________________
27. identify- groups- clean- feed- fish
___________________________________________________________________
28. meeting- discuss- arrange- classroom
____________________________________________________________________
29. place- aquarium- back- corner
____________________________________________________________________
30. responsible- take care- cleanliness- safety
____________________________________________________________________
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SECTION F (15 MARKS)
Make five sentences based on the topics and illustrations given below.
31.
Topic : How to save the environment?
i.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
ii.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iii.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iv.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
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v.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
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32.
Topic : The Advantages of Using the Internet.
i.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
ii.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iii.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iv.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
v.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
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33.
Overall PMR Passess Between 2003 - 2006
80
70
% of Passes
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year
i.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
ii.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iii.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iv.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
v.
____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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SECTION G (10 MARKS)
Based on the chart below, describe the advantages of recycling.
Use the notes in the boxes to help you.
34.
RECYCLING
What to recycle?
How to recycle?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1. Reuse the
plastic bags
2. Sell the cans to
shops
3. Reuse the
newspapers for
other purposes
newspapers
books
plastic bags
cans
bottles
Advantages of
recycling?
1. Save cost
2. Less chemicals
release to air
3. Reduce
pollution
4. Save the
environment
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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ANSWER KEYS
SECTION A ( 10 marks)
1 walking / camping
2 the
3 because
4 that
5 it
6 called / screamed / shouted
7 except
8 However
9 against
10 badly
SECTION B
11
12
13
14
15
animals and plants will become extinct
global warming
slow down the rate of global warming
soak up the gases
educate the people / different ways of earning an income or a living
SECTION C
BOX A
BOX B
maintaining
strength
increase
slim
stamina
keeping up
lean
self-assurance
confidence
raise
SECTION D
1 . worldwide fund
2. a. preserve the variety of plants and animals
b. ensure that we use our natural resources carefully
3. public awareness campaign and research
4 to bring about a change in the way our society views concepts such as economic
growth and the need to include conservation in planning
SECTION E
26.
Then, please buy some goldfish and beautiful decorations for the aquarium.
27.
Next, identify different groups to clean and feed the fish.
28.
After that, have meeting to discuss on the classroom arrangement.
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29.
30.
Finally, place the aquarium at the back of the classroom corner.
Remember, that it’s your responsiblity to take care of its cleanliness and
safety.
SECTION F
31. i. Do not burn rubbish in the open.
ii. Factories should not emit smoke and toxic waste.
iii. We should practice recycling.
iv. Rivers should be kept clean.
v. Do not litter.
32. i. Obtain information for projects
ii. Communicate with others instantly.
iii. Improve our language.
iv. Update self with current information
v. For continuous professional development
33. i. In 2003 ,40 % of the students passed the PMR exam.
ii. In 2004 , the result increase to 46 %.
iii. The best result is evident in 2006.
iv. Overall there is an increase in the percentage of PMR passes between 2003
and 2006
v. In 2006 75% of the students passed their PMR.
SECTION G
34.
There are many advantages of recycling . Firstly, it will help us to save cost .
For example when we reuse the plastic bag, we will save our money.
Secondly, recycling will cause less chemical being release into the air. Some
materials when burned or disposed , it is dangerous. This will also reduce pollution.
Recycling newspapers , cans and plastics will reduce wastes. Finally by recycling we will
save our environment.
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REFERENCES
1. Content Based Grammar, Singapore Mc Graw Hill International Edition
2. Explorasi English Form 2, Fajar Bakti, 2004
3. Focus Mastery For in English in Oxford Fajar, KBSM English 2005
4. Future English SPM Form 5, English For Science and Technology, Pearson
Longman
5. Gusto! Grammar Workout KBSM Form 2, Kok Ming Wai 2006
6. Improve Your English Through Comprehension Practice, Sistem Publishing 2000
7. Model Essay, Summaries and Literature for PMR, Maryann Sebastian
8. The Star, 2 May 2007
9. The New Straits Times, 17 April 2007
10. The New Straits Times, 27 April 2007
11. The New Sunday Times, 15 April 2007
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