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Receptors, Taste and Smell GENERAL SENSORY INFORMATION STIMULUS (STIMULI) A stimulus is a form of Energy Sensory receptors convert one form of Energy into another. Example: Taste receptors convert Chemical Energy into Electrical energy Other receptors convert other forms of energy (light, gravitational, sound) THE BODY’S SENSORY RECEPTORS Receptor Type Stimulus Information Provided taste chemical Presence of specific chemicals (identifed by taste buds) smell chemical Presence of specific chemicals (detected by olfactory cells) pressure mechanical Movement of the skin or changes in body surface proprioceptor mechanical Movement of limbs balance mechanical Body movements audio sound Sound waves visual light changes in light intensity, movement and colour thermoreceptor temperature changes flow of heat SENSATION AND THE BRAIN By blocking neurotransmitters in the sensory pathway, the sensation of pain can be blocked. Likewise if the correct area of the brain is mildly shocked, the sensation of pain will occur even in the absence of stimulus. Burnt Toast Commercial DIAGRAM OF THE SKIN’S RECEPTORS THERMORECEPTORS Thermoreceptors do NOT act as thermometers, which detect specific temperatures. Hot and cold receptors are adapted to signal changes in environmental temperatures Most animals can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, but are often harmed by rapid temperatures “Boiling Frog” experiment SENSORY ADAPTATION Over time, if a stimulus is constant the neurons may cease to fire, provided the stimulus is not dangerous Basically you become accustomed to the sensation and you brain ignores it i.e., receptors are only stimulated when clothes are taken off or put on. Sensory information assuring you that your clothes are still on your body are not required. TASTE AND SMELL Taste allows you to distinguish between edible and inedible Taste involves special chemicals Each taste is associated with a certain molecular shape or charge. - Smell and taste are closely related and work together but smell detects Airborne chemicals. SUMMARY – SENSORY INFORMATION Sensory receptors are highly modified dendrites of sensory neurons that detect information about the external or internal environment Sensory receptors convert one form of energy into another Taste receptors detect dissolved chemicals; olfactory airborne. Taste and olfactory receptors work together to create the perception of taste