Download Early European Explorations

Monday, April 19
The Age of Exploration
Do Now: Complete ‘space’ worksheet.
HW: 4 Approved sources by Friday
•Begin to write ‘Plan of Investigation’
Objective: Identify and analyze reasons that led to
European exploration.
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Why did Europeans come to the Americas?
God, Gold & Glory
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Technological Exchange
• Through contact with Chinese and Arab
merchants Europeans gained:
– the magnetic compass
– The astrolabe
– The caravel (a lighter vessel with a lateen sail and
steerable rudder)
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Task: With a partner answer the next six
questions based on the pictures.
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Astrolabe
Caravel
European leaders of Exploration
Portugal & Spain
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Spain and Portugal
• Colonization of the Canary and Madeira
Islands and the Azores
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Sugar
• Sugar was grow off the islands of NW Africa
• Slaves were brought from NW Africa to work
the plantations
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Spain
• Marriage of Fernando of Aragon and Isabel of
Castile
– The Reconquista (Reconquest) of former Spanish
territory from the Muslims
– Expulsion of Jews refusing to convert to Christianity
• Economic repercussions, some of most well educated and
skilled people
• First voyage of Columbus
• Ferdinand Magellan (1519)
– Circumnavigation
– Colonize the Philippines
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Columbus’ Four Voyages
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Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation
of the World:
Early 16c
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Spain’s Empire
• Control of the Caribbean
• Columbus’s second voyage (1493)
– est. Santo Domingo
• 16th century Spaniards took control of Puerto
Rico, Cuba, Panama and N. coast of S. America
• Native populations used as forced labor
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European Empires in the Americas
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Conquest of the Americas
• 15th century the mighty Mesoamerican empires fell
to the Spaniards
• Hernando Cortez: conquered Aztec Empire
• Francisco Pizarro: conquered Inca Empire
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The First Spanish Conquests:
The Aztecs
vs.
Hernando Cortés
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Montezuma II
Mercantilism
The economy and trade are essential to
the health and safety of the nation.
1.Get as much gold and silver as you can.
2.Establish a favorable balance of trade.
3.Get colonies.
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Conquest of the Aztecs
•
•
•
•
•
Conquered natives of the Aztecs helped
The legend of Quetzalcoatl
Superior Spanish weaponry
Malinche interpreter
Smallpox
– Caused death of 1000s
• Tenochtitlan burned
• Mexico City created
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Mexico Surrenders to Cortés
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The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas
vs.
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Francisco
Pizarro
Atahualpa
Jesuits, Dominicans and Franciscans
• Spread of Roman Catholic faith to the natives
• Established churches and missions where they
educated and taught their faith
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Close
• What were the reasons Europeans sought
colonies in the Americas?
• Why were the Europeans victorious in
defeating the Natives?
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The Age of Exploration
Do Now: Your job is to read about the Treaty of Tordesillas and then
pretend you are a journalist from either a Spanish or Portuguese
newspaper in 1494. It is your job to report to your readers about the
Treaty. Focus on the paragraphs marked with an *, write a short report
about the Treaty in the space below. Remember to focus on the 5 Ws:
Who, what, when, where, why.
HW: 4 Approved sources by Friday
•Begin to write ‘Plan of Investigation’
AIM: How did the Treaty of Tordesillas represent
Spain and Portugal’s power?
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 &
The Pope’s Line of Demarcation
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Treaty of Tordesillas
• Treaty between Spain and Portugal
• The Pope decreed that all lands discovered west of
a meridian 100 leagues (one league is 3 miles or 4.8
km) west of the Cape Verde Islands should belong
to Spain, new lands discovered east of that line
would belong to Portugal.
• Spain and signed a treaty moved the line 270
leagues west, to 370 leagues west
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Encomienda System
•
•
•
•
was an economic and social institution
used as reward for the conquistador
used to control the native population
extract tribute, economic products, and labor
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Peninsulares
Colonists born in Europe
Criollos (creoles)
Colonists born in the Americas
Mestizos
People of mixed European and Native
Mulatos
(mulattos)
People of mixed European and African
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The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
Mestizos
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Native Indians
Creoles
Mulattos
Black Slaves
Encomienda System
• Labor system that was employed by the Spanish in the
Americas and the Philippines.
• The purpose was to instruct the natives in the Spanish
language and in the Catholic faith. In return, they could
exact tribute from the natives in the form of labor, gold
or other products.
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Father Bartholomew de Las Casas
New Laws --> 1542
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Repartamiento
• Father Bartolome de las Casas was against
encomienda
• 1542 Encomienda was replaced by
repartamiento which allowed a small salary to
be paid to laborers
• By 1549 forced labor was abolished but the
tribute payment continued
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The Influence of the Colonial Catholic
Church
Guadalajara
Cathedral
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Spanish Mission
Our Lady of
Guadalupe
Prince Henry the Navigator
• Responsible for beginnings of worldwide European
explorations.
• Founded school of navigation in Portugal and sailed
looking for the “Northwest Passage”
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Portugal’s Empire
• 1500 Pedro Cabral founded Brazil
• 1532 Settled based on a plantation economy
• Sugar plantations using native labor, when they died
of European diseases, slaves from Africa were used
• Gold mines used forced labor
• Social structure similar to Spanish colonies
• Jesuit missionaries introduced Roman Catholicism
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CLOSE
Docs. 1- 4
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Do Now: Read the quote by Afonso de
Albuquerque and answer the question
“The king of Portugal has often commanded me to
go to the Straits, because…this was the best place
to intercept the trade which the Moslems…carry on
in these parts. So it was to do Our Lord’s service
that we were brought here; by taking Malacca, we
would close the Straits so that never again would
the Moslems be able to bring their spices by this
route…I am very sure that , if this Malacca trade is
taken out of their hands, Cairo and Mecca would be
completely lost.”
Why did Portugal want to control Malacca?
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HW: 4 Approved sources by Friday
•Begin to write ‘Plan of Investigation’
AIM: How did Europeans justify the African slave
trade?
Do Now: Motives for European Exploration.
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Modern Slavery
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
proclaimed by the United Nations General
Assembly on December 10, 1948, states in Article
Four, "No one shall be held in slavery or
servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be
prohibited in all their forms." Yet, recent
estimates suggest that worldwide there are 27
million people held in slavery and, in 2003, the
U.S. Department of State reported 116 countries
in which more than 100 persons were known to
have been trafficked as slaves.
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Modern Slavery
• Is modern slavery shaped more by political
and economic considerations or religion?
• Human trafficking
• The untouchables
• http://www.ted.com/talks/kevin_bales_how_t
o_combat_modern_slavery.html
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Cycle of Conquest & Colonization
Explorers
Official
European
Colony!
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Treasures
from the Americas!
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Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
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Slave Ship
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“Coffin” Position Below Deck
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Slaves Working in a
Brazilian Sugar Mill
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The Slave Trade – The Middle Passage
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VoJejTp7O4
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Close
Write a response on a separate sheet of paper
and be prepared to defend:
Do you believe the European explorers and
conquistadores have had a positive or
negative influence on history?
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Expedition
• Francisco de Coronado reached Kansas search
for mythical cities of gold
• Conquest of Chile and est. of Buenos Aires in
present day Argentina
• The influx of silver and gold caused inflation in
Spain and throughout Europe
Galleon
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Friday, April 23
The Age of Exploration
HW: 4 Approved sources by Friday
•Begin to write ‘Plan of Investigation’
Objective: Identify and analyze reasons that led to
European exploration.
4/30/2017