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Peripheral Nervous System Chapter 14 – Lecture Notes to accompany Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life textbook by Gail Jenkins, Christopher Kemnitz, Gerard Tortora 1 Chapter Overview 14.1 PNS Connective Tissues 14.2 Cranial Nerves 14.3 Spinal Nerve Branches 14.4 Reflexes 14.5 SNS and ANS 14.6 Anatomy of the ANS 14.7 ANS Signal Transmission 14.8 Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of ANS 14.9 ANS Reflex Arcs 2 Essential Terms Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) all parts of nervous system that are not brain and spinal cord Ganglia collections of neuronal cell bodies Somatic nervous system (SNS) associated with voluntary or conscious activities and body sensations Autonomic nervous system operates without conscious control Nerve hundreds to thousands of PNS axons plus associated connective tissue & blood vessels bundled into functional organ 3 Introduction Peripheral nervous system divided into somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system Somatic nervous system is divided into sensory and motor portions Autonomic nervous system has sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous divisions and innervates enteric plexuses • • both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions have motor and sensory components 4 Nerves cranial nerves emerge from brain 12 pair spinal nerves emerge from spinal cord 31 pair 5 Concept 14.1 PNS Connective Tissue 6 PNS Connective Tissue Layers endoneurium 1. wraps individual axons perineurium 2. wraps axons bundled into fascicles epineurium 3. wraps entire nerve fuses with dura mater of CNS blood vessels within perineurium and epineruium 7 Figure 14.1a 8 Figure 14.1b 9 Concept 14.2 Cranial Nerves 10 Cranial Nerves 12 pair numbered from anterior to posterior emergence from brain sensory nerves I and II mixed nerves III to XII both sensory and motor neurons 11 Figure 14.2 12 Cranial Nerves I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. Facial VIII. Vestibulocochlear IX. Gossopharyngeal X. Vagus XI. Assessory XII. Hypoglossal Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Tigeminal Abducens 13 Cranial Nerves Sensory neurons cell bodies located in ganglia outside brain Motor neurons cell bodies in nuclei within brain Cranial Nerves III, IV, XI, and XII primarily motor Cranial nerve V largest of cranial nerves Cranial nerve III, VII, IX, X both somatic and autonomic motor axons Cranial nerve VIII primarily sensory 14 Figure 14.3 15 Figure 14.4 16 Figure 14.5 17 Figure 14.6 18 Figure 14.7 19 Figure 14.8 20 Figure 14.9 21 Figure 14.10 22 Figure 14.11 23 Figure 14.12 24 Table 14.1 pt 1 25 Table 14.1 pt 2 26 Table 14.1 pt 3 27 Table 14.1 pt 4 28 Table 14.1 pt 5 29 Table 14.1 pt 6 30 Table 14.1 pt 7 31 Concept 14.3 Spinal Nerve Branches 32 Spinal Nerves 31 pair numbered from superior to inferior associated with vertebral regions 8 pair of cervical nerves 12 pair of thoracic nerves 5 pair of lumbar nerves 5 pair of sacral nerves 1 pair of coccygeal nerves 33 Figure 14.13 34 Spinal Nerve Branches posterior ramus deep muscles and skin of dorsal trunk anterior ramus limbs and skin of lateral and ventral trunk meningeal branch supplies vertebrae, vertebral ligaments, blood vessels of spinal cord and meninges rami communicans autonomic nervous system 35 Figure 14.14 36 Spinal Nerve Plexuses cervical plexus Figure 14.15 brachial plexus Figure 14.16 lumbar plexus Figure 14.17 sacral plexus Figure 14.18 intercostal nerves spinal nerves T2-T12 37 Table 14.2 38 Figure 14.15 39 Table 14.3 40 Figure 14.16a 41 Figure 14.16b 42 Table 14.4 43 Figure 14.17a 44