Download Laboratory work 1

Laboratory work 1
Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes
To be allowed to take part in laboratory works you should fix in your copybook the procedure of
the experiment and all the reaction equations. After the experimental part you should write your
obsevations and your conclusions about the obtained results.
1. Burning of alkanes. Place into the porcelain cups 2 ml of heptane and light it. Describe the type
of the flame. Write the equation reaction of burning of heptane.
2. Interaction of alkanes with bromine. Place into a test tube 1 ml of bromine water. Then in the
test tube add 1 ml of heptane and shake it well.
3. Interaction of alkanes with potassium permanganate solution. Place into a test tube 1 ml of
KMnO4 solution. Then add 1 ml of heptanes, shake the mixture well.
4. Burning of alkenes. Place into the porcelain cup 2 ml of cyclohexene and light it. Describe the
type of flame.
5. Chemical properties of alkenes. Place into one test tube 1 ml of KMnO4 solution and into the
other 2 ml of bromine water. Then add into each test tube 1 ml of cyclohexene and shake it well.
Describe your observations.
6. Chemical properties of phenylacetylene. a) place phenylacetylene into the test tube with
bromine water (1 ml); b) place phenylacetylene into the test tube with KMnO4 solution (1 ml); c)
place phenylacetylene into the test tube containing 1 ml of ammonia solution of CuCl;
7. Burning of alkynes. Light acetylene and describe the type of flame.
Laboratory work 2
Aromatic compounds
To be allowed to take part in laboratory works you should fix in your copybook the procedure of
the experiment and all the reaction equations. After the experimental part you should write your
observations and your conclusions about the obtained results.
1. Burning of aromatic compounds. Place into the porcelain cups 2 ml of toluene and light it.
Describe the type of the flame.
2. Interaction of alkanes with bromine and potassium permanganate solution. Place into two
test tubes 1 ml of toluene. Then in one test tube add 1 ml of bromine water and into the other add
1 ml of KMnO4. Shake them well.
Laboratory work 3
Alkyl halides
To be allowed to take part in laboratory works you should fix in your copybook the procedure of
the experiment and all the reaction equations. After the experimental part you should write your
observations and your conclusions about the obtained results.
1. Hydrolysis of benzyl chloride and chlorobenzene. Place 0.5 ml of benzyl chloride into one test
tube and 0.5 ml of chlorobenzene. Ito the other one. Then add 2 ml of water solution of silver
nitrate into each test tube and shake them well. Why the precipitate is formed only in a test tube
containing benzyl chloride? Write the reaction equation
2. Beilstein’s test. Put into the flame the copper ware and temper it until there is no color flame.
Cool the copper ware to the room temperature then dip it into chloroform and put it into the
flame. What is the color of the flame?
Laboratory work 4
Alcohols and phenols
To be allowed to take part in laboratory works you should fix in your copybook the procedure of
the experiment and all the reaction equations. After the experimental part you should write your
observations and your conclusions about the obtained results.
1. The solubility of alcohols in water. Place 1 ml of water into each of four test tubes and add 0.5
ml of ethaol into the first one, 0.5 ml of butanol into the second one, 0.5 ml of amilic alcohol
(pentanol) into the third one and 0.5 g of phenol into the last one. Shake them well. The test tune
with phenol use for experiment 2.
2. Reaction of ethanol with sodium metal. Place 2 ml of ethanol into a test tube and add a small
piece of sodium metal. Observe the eruption of gas.
3. Copper glycerate preparation. Place into a test tube 2 ml of copper sulphate and add 2-3 drops
of sodium hydroxide till blue precipitate appears. To the obtained precipitate add 2-3 ml of
glycerol, shake well. What do you see, give explanations, write the reactions equations. Add some
drops of dilute HCl solution. What do you see, give explanations, write the reactions equations.
4. Preparation of 2,4,6-tribromophenol. To the water solution of phenol in test tube add 2-3 drops
of bromine water. Shake well. Describe your observations.
Laboratory work 5
Aldehydes and ketones
To be allowed to take part in laboratory works you should fix in your copybook the procedure of
the experiment and all the reaction equations. After the experimental part you should write your
observations and your conclusions about the obtained results.
1. “Silver mirror”. a) Place 2 ml of formaldehyde and 1 ml of ammonium solution of silver oxide
into test tube. Heat the obtained mixture on a steam bath for 5 minutes. b) Place 2 ml of acetone
and 1 ml of ammonium solution of silver oxide into test tube. Heat the obtained mixture on a
steam bath for 5 minutes.
2. “Copper mirror”. a) Place 2 ml of formaldehyde and 5 ml of Felling’s reagent into test tube.
Heat the obtained mixture on a steam bath for 5 minutes. b) Place 2 ml of acetone and 5 ml of
Felling’s reagent into test tube. Heat the obtained mixture on a steam bath for 5 minutes.
Laboratory work 6
Carbonic acids
To be allowed to take part in laboratory works you should fix in your copybook the procedure of
the experiment and all the reaction equations. After the experimental part you should write your
observations and your conclusions about the obtained results.
1. Preparation of acetate. Place into a test tube 2 ml of isoamilic alcohol (3-methylbutan-1-ol), 2
ml of glacial acetic acid and 1 ml of conc. H2SO4. Shake the mixture well and heat it in a steam
bath for 5 minutes. Then cool the test tube and add 5 ml of water. Pay attention to the smell of the
obtained substance and to its solubility in water.
Laboratory work 7
Carbohydrates
To be allowed to take part in laboratory works you should fix in your copybook the procedure of
the experiment and all the reaction equations. After the experimental part you should write your
observations and your conclusions about the obtained results.
1. Oxidation of glucose with solution of silver oxide and Felling’s reagent. a) Place 2 ml of 5%
glucose solution and 2 ml of ammonium solution of silver oxide into a test tube. Heat the
ontained mixture on a steam bath for 5 minutes. b) Place 5 ml of Felling’s reagent into a test tube
and add 1 ml of 5% glucose solution. Heat the obtained mixture on a steam bath for 5 minutes.