Download Laboratory work 1

To be allowed to take part in laboratory works you should fix in your copybook the procedure of
the experiment and all the reaction equations. After the experimental part you should write your
obsevations and your conclusions about the obtained results.
Laboratory work 1
Alkanes
1. Burning of alkanes. Place into the porcelain cups 2 ml of heptane and light it. Describe the type
of the flame. Write the equation reaction of burning of heptane.
2. Interaction of alkanes with bromine. Place into a test tube 1 ml of bromine water. Then in the
test tube add 1 ml of heptane and shake it well.
3. Interaction of alkanes with potassium permanganate solution. Place into a test tube 1 ml of
KMnO4 solution. Then add 1 ml of heptanes, shake the mixture well.
Laboratory work 2
Alkenes
1. Burning of alkenes. Place into the porcelain cup 2 ml of cyclohexene and light it. Describe
the type of flame.
2. Chemical properties of alkenes. Place into one test tube 1 ml of KMnO4 solution and into
the other 2 ml of bromine water. Then add into each test tube 1 ml of cyclohexene and shake
it well. Describe your observations.
Laboratory work 3
Alkynes
1. Chemical properties of phenylacetylene. a) place phenylacetylene into the test tube with
bromine water (1 ml); b) place phenylacetylene into the test tube with KMnO4 solution (1
ml); c) place phenylacetylene into the test tube containing 1 ml of ammonia solution of CuCl;
2. Burning of alkynes. Light acetylene and describe the type of flame.
Laboratory work 4
Aromatic compounds
1. Burning of aromatic compounds. Place into the porcelain cups 2 ml of toluene and light it.
Describe the type of the flame.
2. Interaction of toluene with bromine and potassium permanganate solution. Place into two
test tubes 1 ml of toluene. Then in one test tube add 1 ml of bromine water and into the other add
1 ml of KMnO4. Shake them well.
Laboratory work 5
Alkyl halides
1. Hydrolysis of benzyl chloride and chlorobenzene. Place 0.5 ml of benzyl chloride into one test
tube and 0.5 ml of chlorobenzene. Ito the other one. Then add 2 ml of water solution of silver
nitrate into each test tube and shake them well. Why the precipitate is formed only in a test tube
containing benzyl chloride? Write the reaction equation
2. Beilstein’s test. Put into the flame the copper ware and temper it until there is no color flame.
Cool the copper ware to the room temperature then dip it into chloroform and put it into the
flame. What is the color of the flame?
Laboratory work 6
Alcohols and phenols
1. The solubility of alcohols in water. Place 1 ml of water into each of four test tubes and add 0.5
ml of ethanol into the first one, 0.5 ml of butanol into the second one, 0.5 ml of amilic alcohol
(pentanol) into the third one and 0.5 g of phenol into the last one. Shake them well. The test tube
with phenol use for experiment 3.
2. Reaction of ethanol with sodium metal. Place 2 ml of ethanol into a test tube and add a small
piece of sodium metal. Observe the eruption of gas.
3. Reaction phenol with sodium metal. Use test tube from experiment 1. Add dropwise 10%
solution of NaOH till complete dissolution of phenol. Divide the solution between three test
tubes. Take the first tube and leak out the CO2. Write down the observations. Add several drops
of diluted H2SO4 into second test tube. To the third test tube add 1 drop of FeCl3 solution.
4. Copper glycerate preparation. Place into a test tube 2 ml of copper sulphate and add 2-3 drops
of sodium hydroxide till blue precipitate appears. To the obtained precipitate add 2-3 ml of
glycerol, shake well. What do you see, give explanations, write the reactions equations. Add some
drops of dilute HCl solution. What do you see, give explanations, write the reactions equations.
5. Preparation of 2,4,6-tribromophenol. To the water solution of phenol in test tube add 2-3 drops
of bromine water. Shake well. Describe your observations.
Laboratory work 7
Aldehydes and ketones
1. “Silver mirror”. a) Place 2 ml of formaldehyde and 1 ml of ammonium solution of silver oxide
into test tube. Heat the obtained mixture on a steam bath for 5 minutes. b) Place 2 ml of acetone
and 1 ml of ammonium solution of silver oxide into test tube. Heat the obtained mixture on a
steam bath for 5 minutes.
2. “Copper mirror”. a) Place 2 ml of formaldehyde and 5 ml of Felling’s reagent into test tube.
Heat the obtained mixture on a steam bath for 5 minutes. b) Place 2 ml of acetone and 5 ml of
Felling’s reagent into test tube. Heat the obtained mixture on a steam bath for 5 minutes.
3. Preparation of iodoform. Place 1 ml of acetone into the test tube, add 4 ml of water and put
several crystals of iodine and add concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide. Shake the mixture.
Laboratory work 8
Carbonic acids
1. Preparation of acetate. Place into a test tube 2 ml of isoamilic alcohol (3-methylbutan-1-ol), 2
ml of glacial acetic acid and 1 ml of conc. H2SO4. Shake the mixture well and heat it in a steam
bath for 5 minutes. Then cool the test tube and add 5 ml of water. Pay attention to the smell of the
obtained substance and to its solubility in water.
Laboratory work 9
Carbohydrates
To be allowed to take part in laboratory works you should fix in your copybook the procedure of
the experiment and all the reaction equations. After the experimental part you should write your
observations and your conclusions about the obtained results.
1. Oxidation of glucose with solution of silver oxide and Felling’s reagent. a) Place 2 ml of 5%
glucose solution and 2 ml of ammonium solution of silver oxide into a test tube. Heat the
obtained mixture on a steam bath for 5 minutes. b) Place 5 ml of Felling’s reagent into a test tube
and add 1 ml of 5% glucose solution. Heat the obtained mixture on a steam bath for 5 minutes.