Download Monogastric Digestion

Digestion
“From Food to Feces”
How would you digest that?
Mmmmm….
Monogastric
Included in humans and
pigs
Characterized by one
stomach with one
compartment
Due to this one stomach,
feedstuffs must be in the
form of grains as they are
easier to digest
How do you get swine flu? 
Monogastric
Comprised of:
– Mouth
– Esophagus
– Stomach
– Small Intestine
– Cecum
– Large Intestine
– Rectum
“It all starts
with the
mouth…
open up!”
Monogastric
Mouth
– Where food enters the digestive
tract
Teeth chew to break down food
– Enzymatic breakdown of starch
begins
Saliva is an enzyme which breaks
down starch
– The tongue helps move food
around and push it to the next
part of the digestive system
My teeth are
amazingly strong.
Did you know
chewing is also
called
MASTICATION?
Monogastric Mouth
Are you our Mommy?
Monogastric
Esophagus
– Tube which carries food from
the mouth to the stomach
– Pushes with a series of muscle
contractions called
PERISTALSIS.
I really have
to go the
bathroom!
Monogastric
Stomach
– Chamber where chemicals
are added to the food
– Cells secrete hydrochloric
acid and enzymes
These help break down food
into basic carbohydrates,
proteins, and fats
Some smaller particles are
absorbed into the blood
stream through the stomach
wall
Monogastric Stomach
Monogastric
Small Intestine
– Complex tube which lies in
a spiral
Absorbs nutrients!
– Cells produce enzymes to
help break down food
further
Monogastric
Cecum
– Known as the “blind
gut”
– Located between
the small and large
intestines
– Has little function in
the monogastric
digestive system
I have a
really big
cecum!
Monogastric
Large Intestine
– Shorter than the small intestine, but larger in
diameter
– Main function is the absorption of water
– Mucous is added to the matter to make it
easier to pass through the rest of the system
Monogastric
Rectum
– The terminal portion of the large intestine
– Leads to the anus where the remaining
wastes are passed outside of the body
Monogastric Cecum and Large
Intestine
How well do you remember?
Ruminant (Polygastric)
Found in goats, sheep,
cattle, deer, camels,
giraffes, llamas and more
Characterized by one
stomach with four
compartments
Used for the digestion of
mass quantities of
roughages
– Hay and grasses
If you are wondering…I am a YAK!
I am proud to say I chew my CUD
and I am a ruminant!
Wake up…we’re not done!
Ruminant
Comprised of:
– Mouth
– Esophagus
– Stomach
Rumen
Reticulum
Abomasum
Omasum
–
–
–
–
Small Intestine
Cecum
Large Intestine
Rectum
Ruminant
Mouth
– Functions the
same as in
monogastrics
except:
Ruminants
regurgitate their
food and re-chew it
A cow makes
between 40,00060,000 jaw
movements a day
chewing
What’s up…I’m
chewing my
Cud…Sometimes I
chew over 100
times before
swallowing!
Ruminant
Esophagus
– Same as in a monogastric except:
Cardiac valve allows animal to regurgitate feed
stuffs to be chewed repeatedly
Ruminant
What is so grand about regurgitating food?
– Would you like to eat this?
– If you did eat this, how efficiently would your
body break it down?
– Your monogastric system was not made to
breakdown feed such as this!!!
Ruminant
Stomach Compartment
Rumen
– Acts as a large fermentation vat
– Movement of the rumen mixes the contents of
the stomach
– Stirs it up to more easily find large particles
that need to be regurgitated and re-chewed
– Can be as big as a 50 gallon drum in a large
cow!!!
Ruminant
Stomach Compartment
Reticulum
– May be considered an extra piece
of the rumen
– Has a large honey comb shape
– Site of hardware collection
Hardware disease
– Animal will inject metal in the feed. It
will collect here
Magnets can help keep it from
going further
Ruminant
Stomach Compartment
Omasum
– Primarily aids in the
absorption of water
– Numerous folds help trap
digestive particles to
increase the time they stay in
the omasum for absorption
Ruminant
Stomach
Compartment
Abomasum
– Considered the “true
stomach”
Has the same
functions of the
monogastric stomach
– Hydrochloric acid
helps with the break
down of feedstuffs
Ruminant Stomach
Ruminant
The small intestine, cecum, and
large intestine have the same
functions as the monogastric
digestive system
Modified Monogastric
Comprised of:
– Everything in the
monogastric except:
The cecum is much
larger and plays an
important role in the
digestive process as it
is modified
Makes up %16 of
horses total digestive
anatomy
Modified Monogastric
Cecum
“I have a really large cecum
so that I can digest all my
food properly!”
– Acts as a large
fermentation vat
where large
amounts of
roughages can be
broken down more
easily
– Found in horses and
rabbits.