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Configuration Management IACT 418/918 Autumn 2005 Gene Awyzio SITACS University of Wollongong Overview • Configuration Definitions – OED: Arrangement of parts or elements in a particular form or figure – OED: The way the constituent parts of a computer system are chosen or interconnected in order to suit it for a particular task or use; the units or devices required for this – Websters: 1 a : relative arrangement of parts or elements: as • (1) : Shape • (2) : functional arrangement <a small business computer system in its simplest configuration> – Webster: 1 b : something (as a figure, contour, pattern, or apparatus) that results from a particular arrangement of parts or components 2 Overview • Configuration Management is the process of – Obtaining data from the network – Using that data to manage the setup of all network devices • Involves – Gathering information about the current configuration of the network – Using that data to modify the network configuration of devices – Storing the data – Maintaining an up-to-date inventory – Producing reports on that data 3 Benefits of the Configuration Management Process • Enhanced control over configuration of network devices – Rapid access to config data • Speeds up re-configuration • Examples: – Configuration data holds the current setup of each device – If you wanted to add more interfaces to the device you would need to know • Current number of interfaces in that device • Network addresses assigned to those interfaces – Config management would hold that data and enable rapid access 4 Benefits of the Configuration Management Process • Also assists in modification of network devices – Remote deactivation etc – Remote changes • Inventory control can be used to – Negotiate vendor contracts – Examine vendor quality 5 Accomplishing Configuration Management • Configuration Management steps – Gathering information about the current configuration of the network – Using that data to modify the network configuration of devices – Storing the data – Maintaining an up-to-date inventory – Producing reports on that data 6 Collecting Data Manually • Obtaining data often begins with a manual collection – Need to record the devices • Serial number • Address assignment – Store data in a spreadsheet, database etc – This can be tedious and error prone for large networks 7 Collecting Data Manually • Data can be collected automatically – Using network management protocol – Autodiscovery 8 Autodiscovery • Can be implemented using ICMP echo (PING) to every possible address – When device answers record details – Advantage: will discover every working device on network – Disadvantage: wasted bandwidth and time querying non-existent devices 9 Autodiscovery • Could also find one device and then query it to discover what other devices it has communicated with recently – All network devices discovered in a breadth first search manner – Advantage: works quickly – Disadvantage: May fail to find a device that has not communicated with the network recently • Can also help produce a graphical map of the current network 10 Autodiscovery 11 Autodiscovery 12 Modifying data • Once configuration management information has been collected it will usually need to be updated and maintained – With a 5000 node network even if 1% of those machines required a change once a week that would be 50 changes per week • Addresses are only ONE of the parameters that need to be tracked • Manual system are inefficient and error prone – What happens if an engineer forgets to record the changes – Thames vs Thomas • Configuration management systems can record these changes automatically 13 14 15 16 Storing Data • Configuration management should also provide information storage – Centralised storage provide the network engineer with efficent access to configuration data 17 Storing Data • Currently a DBMS is considered the most efficient manner to store this data – Advantages • Enables large amounts of data to be stored on a single computer • Fast searching • Automatic sorting of data • Restoration of lost data • Data relationships – Disadvantages • Complex administration procedures • May us its own language • Tends to be platform or OS specific (lack of portability) 18 Configuration Management on a Network Management System • Simple – Provide central storage of network information • Network addresses • Serial numbers • Physical location – Include an autodiscovery device for finding all devices on network 19 Configuration Management on a Network Management System • More Complex – Automatic comparison of current to stored configuration • Automatic update??? – Automapping of network – Graphical display of configurations • Physical • Logical 20 Configuration Management on a Network Management System • Advanced – Use a relational database – Automatic generation of reports • Inventory reports • Change reports • Vendor control reports • Warranty reports • Repair reports – Provide for evaluation • Duplication of addresses • Duplication of function 21 Generating Configuration Reports • Reports should typically include – For devices • Name • Network address • Serial number • Manufacturer • Operating system • Local person responsible • Could also list – Circuit numbers – Vendor contact name – Physical location 22 Generating Configuration Reports • Reports should typically include – Summary of recent changes • Listed by category • Include – Who made the changes – When changes were made • Categories could include – New devices – Replaced devices – Modified devices 23 Generating Configuration Reports • Reports should typically include – Summary of network inventory • All details from device report • Length and type of warranty • Complete upgrade history • Service history … 24