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Obesity Information Sheet Definition The World Health defines obesity as a BMI equal to or more than 30. Distribution In the developed world there is a higher percentage of the population been obese. This percentage is increasing. World figures show there is approximately 600 million obese people in the world The WHO estimates that by 2015 they may be approximately 800 million obese people. In the UK - 8% obese in 1980 to 26% in 2014, (16 million). In the USA: 15% in 1980 obese to 31% in 2000. Also over 35% of children are overweight in USA. In India 15% in 1980 to 27% by 2009, (77 million people). The relative percentage of obese in the developing world is smaller than the developed world. However, in absolute number there are more obese people in the developing world. The rate of the increase is also faster in the developing world. If nothing is done experts believe that 40% of UK population will be obese with in generation. Causes Energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended. A global shift in diet from increased intake of energy dense foods that are high in fat and sugars, but low in vitamins and minerals. A trend towards decreased physical activity due to the increasingly sedentary nature of many forms of work, changing modes of transport and increased urban living. Impacts on Health Type 2 diabetes. – 60% of cases linked to obesity. Coronary heart disease Some types of cancer, such as breast and bowel. Stroke. Lead to psychological problems such as self-esteem or depression. Other co-morbidities include gall-bladder disease, fatty liver, sleep apnoea and osteoarthritis. May reduce life expectancy reduce between 3 to 10 years. Responsible for 9000 premature deaths per year in the UK. Impacts on Life style Breathlessness / Type 2 diabetes. – medication, pills, insulin injections and change diet. Bowel cancer – colostomy bag. In extreme cases people bed- bound or cannot work. Cannot exercise due to osteoarthritis. Loss of self-esteem or development of depression. Impacts on Economic Development Overall cost to UK £47 billion – 3 % of GDP - 2014 NHS spends £6 billion directly treating obesity. NHS spends £10 billion on Diabetes – 10% of NHS budget. NHS spends £638 million on obesity prevention. Obese people need higher doses of antibiotics. NHS expects to have a £30 billion deficit by 2020. Lost production to UK economy of £2.1 billion in 2014. 18,000 sick days lost in 2008 for the UK. The average obese person has an extra 4 days sick per year. Essex fire service spent £900,000 between 2004 and 2008 as they have been called out to assist with moving large people. 60% of UK cases of type 2 diabetes can be attributed to obesity. Ways to Reduce Obesity Individual Achieve a healthy weight by reducing calorie intake (diets) Limit energy intake from fats and shift consumption from saturated fats to unsaturated fats. Increase consumption of fruit and vegetables, as well as legumes, whole grains and nuts. Limit intake of sugars. Increase physical activity – at least 30 minutes of regular exercise on most days. The implementation of these recommendations requires sustained Government, NGOs and the private sector have vital roles to play. political commitment. Government Minimum nutritional levels set by the government for school providing meals. Vending machines in school can only contain healthy foods. Legal requirement for primary and secondary school to increase the allocation given to physical education lessons. Government sets up a UK Obesity Strategy which was published in January 2009. This set targets to reduce obesity. In 2009 attends to spend £75 million campaigning to reduce obesity rates in the UK. One of the main initiatives is the Change 4Life campaign. Another initiative was the – ‘be healthy beheard’ campaign. NHS Pilot scheme with 500 people was set up and run by NHS with financial rewards (£500) if people lost weight. GPs to call up all people between 40 and 74 for a health consultation. If these people are overweight they will be prescribed weight management and exercise programmes. 2.25 million people will be called up every year and a repeat consultation arranged every 5 years. Educate people on a healthy life style through advertising campaigns. NHS spent £500,000 on two TV adverts warning children against having an unhealthy life style. NHS staff have been targeted to lose weight to set an example to the general public. Private Sector Many major firms in the food industry have signed up to the Change4Life campaign. Tesco and Asda have signed up to offer promotions on healthy food which could include cut price vegetables and fruit. Some food companies label their products with the Guided Daily Amounts (GDA) compared with what the product contains. Some food companies use the traffic light system on their products. Pizza Hut and Burger King to display calories contained in their meals. Individual They must make the conscious effort to try and change their life style and educate thereself into the dangerous of obesity for their health