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Modbus communication
Port COM du PC
PC network board
? =S= communication architecture
Host B
PSIN, ISDN, ADSL
Ethernet
PSIN, ISDN, ADSL
@
Internet
RS232
gateways
RS232
RS 485
RS485 Modbus
RS485 Modbus
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RS485 Modbus
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Communication = exchange of several
types of information
Sepam
Sepam
Sepam
SCADA
Logical, digital information (O/C)
for alarms and testing
● circuit breaker status
● alarms
Analog information
● protection unit status
● measurements
● earthing switch status
● counters
for power
monitoring/management
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● remote readings and
settings
● disturbance readings
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Sepam data exchanged
● The measurements presented in
a Sepam depend on the type of
Sepam.
● Measurement readout
● phase currents,
● line to line voltages, frequency,
● real and reactive power, and
power factor,
● accumulated real and reactive
energy,
● peak demand phase current,
● peak demand real and reactive
power,
● tripping currents,
● temperatures, thermal capacity
used,
● number of starts and inhibit time,
● running hours counter.
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● Readout of program logic
resource status
● event counter values,
● logical input status,
● status of the remote annunciation
bits (TS).
● Remote control
● writing of remote control orders
(TC)
● Other functions
● time tagging,
● remote reading of Sepam settings
(remote reading),
● remote setting of protections and
control logic time delays (remote
setting);
● transfer of disturbance recording
data.
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- OSI: 7-layer architecture
OSI = Open Systems Interconnection
APPLICATION
7
LAYER
Example: Modbus
PRESENTATION
6
LAYER
SESSION
LAYER
5
TRANSPORT 4
LAYER
NETWORK
LAYER
3
DATA LINK
LAYER
2
PHYSICAL
LAYER
1
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 Data processing
Network concept
e.g. TCP/IP
 End-to-end management
Network interconnection
Bus concept:
Ethernet
 Data transmission
RS 485 & 232
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- topology between components
Bus
Point to point
Meshed
Ring
Star
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- type of transmission
Simplex transmission: one-way
Half duplex transmission: alternating two-way
Full duplex transmission: simultaneous two-way
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- transmission mode
Number of bits sent simultaneously
 Parallel bus
0
1
0
 Serial bus
1
0
0
1
– Synchronous: clock = continuous transmission
– Asynchronous: irregular transmission
1 character
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
Start
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Data
Stop
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Asynchronous transmission mode (cont'd)
Need for a communication format
communication frame
0
1
start
useful data bits
error check
stop
● start
the message.
= initializes the communication frame, indicates the start of
● useful data bits
= useful data bits of the message.
● error check
= to check for transmission errors.
● stop
= indicates the end of the message.
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- medium
 Distance: maximum length, line losses
 Rate = cable capacity
 Type of communication chosen: RS 485 or Ethernet
 Environment (EMC, Temperature, etc.)
 Price
Twisted pair cable
Simple to implement
Low cost
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APPLICATION
LAYER
7
PRESENTATION
LAYER
6
SESSION
LAYER
TRANSPORT
LAYER
5
4
NETWORK
LAYER
3
DATA LINK
LAYER
2
PHYSICAL
LAYER
1
- physical layer standards: RS232
and RS485
RS232
Electrical
levels
0
1
+5
-5


PC
+15V
- 15V
RS485
devices
1.5
- 1.5


+ 5V
- 5V
PC COM
Port
Max. rate
RS 485 Modbus
Link
Length
Control lines
(flows)
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19200 Bauds
1Mbauds
Point to Point Multipoint bus
Half duplex
Asynchronous
30 m
m
1200
RTS/CTS
No
11
2-wire bus topology
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4-wire bus topology
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RS485 signal
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Communication Settings
● Sepam
address
● Speed
● Parity
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Sepam series 20 40 80
communication Interfaces
Module ACE 949-2
Sepam connection to a Modbus 2 wires network
Module ACE 959
Sepam connection to a Modbus 4 wires network
Module ACE 937
Sepam connection to a Modbus optical fiber network
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ACE 969 interface Sepam series 20 40 80
double port plus DNP3 and IEC 870 5 103protocol
ACE969-2TP
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ACE969-2FO
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ACE 909-2 Convertor
Installation and Quick Start
RS485 / RS232 converter - ACE909-2
RS485 connection RS232 link
Speed
SW2/1
SW2/2
SW2/3
1200
2400
4800
9600
19200
38400
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
strap
position function
SW2/4
0
1
1
0
ON
ON
ON
SW2/5
Selector 12 or 24vdc
Ph/N power
Fuse
RS485 2 wire
SW1/1
SW1/2
SW1/3
with parity
without parity
2 stop
1 stop
polarization at 0 V via Rp - 470 Ω
polarization at 5 V via Rp +470 Ώ
150 Ώ impedance matching
resistor at end of RS485 Bus
Remote power source: the ACE909-2 converter supplies 12 V - 24 V ( ACE949 -959 / SEPAM 1000+ )
Division - Na me - Date - L angu age
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ACE 919 Convertor
Installation and Quick Start
RS485 / RS485 converter - ACE919
RS485 2 wire
ACE 919 CC
ACE 919 CA
24 - 48 V DC
110 - 220 V AC
Strap
pos ition
func tion
SW1/1
ON
pola riza tion at 0V via Rp-470 Ώ
SW1/2
ON
pola riza tion at 5V via Rp+4 70Ώ
SW1/3
ON
150 Ώ impedance matching
resistor at e nd of RS485 bus
Remote power source: the ACE919 converter
supplies 12 V - 24 V (ACE949 - 959 / SEPAM 1000+ )
Division - Name - Date - Lan guag e
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supply voltage
selection switch
110 V AC or 220V AC
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Architecture of the RS485 network
●Pear to pear
● bus
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Optical network architecture
● pear to pear
● star
● daisy chain
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Modbus protocol
master
request
master
broadcasting
reply
slave
slave
slave
Characterization of exchanges
Modbus protocol may be used to read
or write one or more bits, one or more
words, the content of the event
counter or the contents of the
diagnosis counters.
functions available:
● reading of n output or internal bits,
● reading of n input bits,
● reading of n output or internal
words,
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slave
slave
slave
● reading of n input words,
● writing of 1 bit,
● writing of 1 word,
● fast reading of 8 bits,
● diagnosis of exchanges,
● reading of event counter,
● writing of n bits,
● writing of n words.
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APPLICATION
LAYER
7
PRESENTATION
LAYER
6
SESSION
LAYER
TRANSPORT
LAYER
5
4
NETWORK
LAYER
3
DATA LINK
LAYER
2
PHYSICAL
LAYER
1
- for PLC communication
● For RS 485 or RS 232, and other links…
● Created in 1979 by Modicon
● Half-duplex protocol: one "speaker" at a time
● Master-slaves
● query / reply
● broadcasting with no feedback
Maximum number of slaves: 31
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- structure of a Modbus frame
Address
Data
LRC Check CR LF
● ASCII (American:Standard
Code ofFunction
Information Interchange)
Modbus
0D Hex 0A Hex
3A Hex
Tolerance of one second silence between characters
 RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) Modbus
silence
Address Function
Data
CRC Check
silence
Silence >= 3.5 characters
Used more since faster
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Presentation of request and reply frames
data required for
the request,
Request
bit or word
The code is used to addresses,
select the available bit or word values,
requests
number of bits or
words
0 to FFh
1 byte
function
code
1 byte
data
N bytes
when the message
is received by the
slave, the slave
reads the check
word and accepts
or refuses the
message
CRC 16
2 bytes
question
Tr < 10 ms
Reply
0 to
FFh
1 byte
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addresses of bits or
words read, value of bits
or words read, number of
bits or words
function
code
1 byte
data
N bytes
reply
The time is given with the following
parameters:
● 9600 bauds,
● 8-bit format, odd parity, 1 stop bit.
CRC 16
2 bytes
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Modbus protocol: transmission medium
occupancy diagram
analyse and next
exchange
wait
master
wait
broadcasting
request
to slave 1
slave
1
wait
request
to slave N
answer
Analyse and
answer
slave
N
answer
simultaneous execution of
the order by all the slaves
physical
medium
time
exchange
i-1
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exchange
i
exchange
i+1
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Diagnosis counters
Sepam manages the following diagnosis counters:
● CPT1, first word: number of correct frames received, whether or not the slave is concerned,
● CPT2, second word: number of frames received with CRC errors, or frames received that are
greater than 255 bytes and not interpreted, or frames received with at least one character that has a
parity error, “overrun”, “framing”, “break” on the line. An incorrect rate causes incrementation of
CPT2,
● CPT3, third word: number of exception replies generated (even if not sent, as result of a broadcast
request),
● CPT4, fourth word: number of frames specifically addressed to the station (excluding
broadcasting),
● CPT5, fifth word: number of broadcast frames received with no errors,
● CPT6, sixth word: not significant,
● CPT7, seventh word: number of “Sepam 2000 not ready” replies generated,
● CPT8, eighth word: number of frames received with at least one character that has a parity error,
“overrun”, “framing”, “break” on the line,
● CPT9, ninth word: number of correct requests received and correctly executed.
The counters may be accessed via the dedicated reading function (see Modbus protocol function 11
in appendix).
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Read function
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Modbus address table in Sepam series 20
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Modbus address table in Sepam series 20
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Modbus address table in Sepam series 20
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Format 16NS and 16S
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Format B
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Format X
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TS remote annunciation list
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Write function
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Remote control order
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Time-sequencing
A date is associated to each event:
● change of status of logic inputs
● change of status of automation data TS
● Internal data necessary for time-sequencing, time-setting, synchronization…
Internal clock in Sepam:
year, month, day, hour, minute and milliseconds (0 to
59999).
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Time-sequencing, synchronization
Scada
scada
clock
Sepam
Sepam
time-setting
4 words
Modbus
network
Modbus
network
Synchronization
link
Sepam
Sepam
“Internal synchronization via the
comunication network”
architecture
“External synchronization” via a
logic input architecture
10 s
20 s
30 s
Input I21, 10 to 60 s synchronization signal.
message
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∆=±4s
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Exchange Principle
Storage zone
64
events
Status Change
Master
Request Zone
1-Request
3-Acknowledgement
2-Reading
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Reply Zone
4
events
40
Exchange principle
4
0
Exchange word
Inside Sepam
64 event
zone
Master 1
Reading
Acknowledgment
8
0
Master 2
Exchange word
Inside Sepam
64 event
zone
Reading
Acknowledgment
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Time-sequencing
Exchange table
1/reading if ≠ 0 in the event table
2/writing to 0 for the following exchange
incremented
0 = empty table
upon each
x = x events
exchange
4 maximum
polling
word
exchange
number
number
of events
type of channel: 0 for input/800 for others
modbus data address
event 2
reserved: Ø
event 3
event 4
Max. stock: 64 events.
8 mots
event 1
data status 0/1
not used
year
month
day
hour
minutes
milliseconds 0 to 59999
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Remote reading and remote setting
Protection and parameter settings available
• Setting of protection functions
• Sepam general characteristics
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Reading of the settings
Exchange principle
Protection
setting zone
Master
50/51 overccurrent
Request Zone
50N/51N eath fault
27 under volltage
1-Request
Reply Zone
2-Reading
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Remote parameter reading function
Request frame
The request is made by the supervisor, by means of a modbus "write words"
command
(code 6 or 16) at the address D080h of a 1-word frame which consists of the following:
D080h
B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B09 B08
function code
B07 B06 B05 B04 B03 B02 B01 B00
unit number
Reply frame
The reply sent back by Sepam is contained in a zone with a maximum length
of 125 words at the address D000h, which consists of the following:
D00h
B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B09 B08
B07 B06 B05 B04 B03 B02 B01 B00
function code
unit number
settings
…………
(specific fields for each function)
…………
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Protection function parameters
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Data Format
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Remote settings
ExchangePrinciple
Writing zone
Master
Protection
setting zone
50/51 overccurrent
50N/51N eath fault
27 under volltage
1-Writing request
2- reading
request
Reply zone
3-check
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Remote reading of settings
B15 B14 B13 B12 B11 B10 B09 B08
B07 B06 B05 B04 B03 B02 B01 B00
function code = 01
unit number = 01
type of curve = 00 00 (most significant)
type of curve = 00 00 (constant itme)
set point = 00 00 (most significant)
set point = 00 64 (set point at 100 A)
time delay = 00 00 (most significant)
time delay = 00 0A (time delay set to 10 x 10 = 100 ms)
00 00 (most significant)
00 00 (following values not significant, initalized to 0)
Data format
All the settings are transmitted in the form of signed 32-bit integers (encoded, as a
complement of 2).
Particular setting values
A value equal to 7FFF FFFFh means that the setting is out of its validity range.
To inhibit a protection function, simply set the inhibition parameter to 8000 0000h,
the other parameters stay the same. If all the setting values are read as 8000 0000h,
it means that the protection function concerned is inhibited.
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Disturbance recording
Presentation
Disturbance recording is used to store analog and logical values.
Sepam records a maximum of two disturbance records.
Each record contains two files:
configuration file with suffix .CFG,
data file with suffix .DAT.
The files are read by the supervision system via the Jbus link.
A record may be transferred until it is overwritten by a new record.
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Disturbance records
Record zone
Exchange principle
Events
Master
Identification zone
1-reading of
available OPG
Request zone
2-request
Disturbance
19 files max.
*.cfg *.dat
Aswer zone
125 words
3-reading
4-Acknoledgement
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Communication
diagnostics help (Modbus)
Check list
3) Asynchronous link (RS485)
- Is the 2-wire/4-wire configuration correctly taken into account?
- Are the L+ and L- connections OK (not inverted)?
- Is the line polarised at the interface level (470 )?
- Does the line have terminating resistors at each end (120 )?
- Is the network length within the prescribed limit (EMC requirements)?
4) Connected products
- Are the frames received and sent compatible with the functions supported by the
supervision system and the products?
- Are parameters correctly set (Baud rate, address, 2-wire/4-wire, etc.)?
- Check on frame transmission and reception (control LED on modules).
- Consistency of module addressing?
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