Download Articulations of pelvic limb: 1-Sacroilliac joint: Type: synovial joint

Dr.Eman ------------- --------------------Articulation of pelvic limb ---------------------------------First Stage --1
Articulations of pelvic limb:
1-Sacroilliac joint:
Type: synovial joint
Articular surfaces: auricular surface of sacrum with identical surface on the wing of the ilium.
These surface are rough in adult animals because of the present of processes and eminences,
they are covered with thin layer of cartilage.
Joint capsule: it is very narrow. Attached around the margins of the articular surfaces.
Joint cavity: appear as cleft and crossed by fibrous bands, the joint capsule surrounded by
ventral sacroiliac ligament (dorsal and ventral parts), incorporated into fibrous component of
joint.
Ligaments of the pelvic girdle:
a-dorsal sacroiliac: this is strong ligament consists of two parts , one of them appears as band
attached to the sacral tuberosity and summit of the sacral spine ,and the other is triangular ,
thick sheet attached cranially to the sacral tuberosity and the medial border of the ilium, it is
blended ventrally with broad sacrotuberal ligament.
b- broad sacrotuberal ligament or sacrosciatic: forms quadri broad sheet(lateral) which
complete the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity , leaving greater and lesser ischiatic foramina
over respective ischiatic notches.
c-the ilio- lumber ligament: this is triangular sheet attached to the ends of the lumber
transverse processes to the ventral surface of the ilium.
Movement: there is no movement in adult animals and the joint function is stability and not
mobility.
2-Pelvic Symphysis: this is formed by junction of the os coax with its fellow of the opposite
side at the ventral median line, in young animals, the bone united by lamina of fibrocartilagena
intercoxalis which replace by bone in adult animals.
Movement: the is no movement.
3-Coxofemoral (hip) joint
Type: is ball and socket, simple synovial joint
Articular surfaces: acetabulum cavity with head of femur
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Joint capsule: it is ample attached around the margins of acetabulum and neck of the femur, it
is thick laterally. Can be accessed deep between cranial and caudal parts of greater femoral
trochanter.
Ligaments of hip joint:
a) Cotyloid ligament: fibrocartilaginous extends round rim of acetabulum to deepen and
stabilize joint.
b) Accessory (femoropubic) ligament: unique to Equidae. A detachment of prepubic tendon
enters hip joint via acetabular notch and inserts on head of femur, markedly restricting
abduction of hind limb.
c) Ligament of femoral head (round ligament): short and stout, which extend from
acetabulum to the head of femur (captiulum fovea) cranially to the accessory ligament.
d) Transverse acetabular ligament: completes acetabulum across acetabular notch, and holds
accessory ligament in place.
Movement: this joint able to do several movements and especially the flexion and extension,
adduction and abduction, rotation and circumduction.
4-Stifle joint or genual or knee in human:
Type: hinge, compound synovial joint. It consists of two joints which are:
a) Femoropatellar joint: accessible caudal to lateral collateral ligament. Communicates with
femorotibial joint
Articular surface: trochlea (two oblique ridges with deep groove cranially to distal end) of
femur and articular surface of the patella.
Joint capsule: it is thin, wide attached around the margins of the articular surfaces of the
patella, but on the femur the line of attachment is at the different distance from the articular
surfaces.
Ligaments:
1- Medial and lateral Femoropatellar ligaments
2-patellar ligaments: these are three ligaments connect the patella with tuberosity of the tibia:
a- lateral patellar ligament: this connects lateral part of patella with lateral part of the tibial
tuberosity.
B-middle ligament: extended from the cranial face of patella to the distal part of the tibial
tuberosity.
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c- Medial ligament: this connect medial part of the tibial tuberosity, (which is weaker
ligament), with cartilage called parapatellar cartilage.
b) Femorotibial joints.
Articular surfaces: two condyle (convex surfaces caudally to distal end) of femur and
proximal end of tibia) two saddle shape condyle. These surfaces are not identical; there fore,
there are medial and lateral articular menisci (these are a crescent plates of fibrocartilage, which
produce congruence in the articular surfaces).they has two surface, (concave femoral surface it
is adapted to the condyles of the femur and tibial surface)
Joint capsule: this ample attached to the margins of the tibial articular surface. It is weaker
cranially (only synovial membrane) but strong caudally by the caudal lgament, the joint have
two synovial sacs (medial and lateral, each sac divided into proximal and distal part by the
menisci
Ligaments:
a-medial and lateral collateral ligaments
b-cruciate ligaments (anterior & posterior ) ,these are strong ligament , rounded and found on
the intercondylar fossa of the femur , they are connected together and called posterior and
anterior according to the attachments to the tibia.
Movements: flexion, extension with gliding movement of patella.
5-Tibiofibular joint:
Articular surfaces: head of the fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
Joint capsule: it is strong and closed
*The shaft of the tibia attached to the lateral border of the tibia and they uniting by the
interosseous ligament, the distal end of the fibula fused with tibia and there are no movements
in this joint.
6-Tarsal (hock) joint
Type: Compound synovial joint, consisting of four levels:
a) Tibiotarsal (talocrural/tarsocrural) formed by the trochlea of the talus and corresponding
surface of the distal end of the tibia.
b) Proximal intertarsal joints: between calcaneus, talus and central tarsal bone
c) Distal intertarsal joint: between central tarsal bone with distal row of tarsal bone (fused1st,
2nd, 3rd and 4th)
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d) tarsometatarsal joint: between distal row of tarsal and metatarsal bone
Tibiotarsal joint forms weight-bearing articulation, calcaneus forms lever for muscle
attachment. All movement is at tibiotarsal joint, very little at intertarsal or tarsometatarsal
joints. Fibrous joint capsule extends from tibia to metatarsus, attached to tarsal bones in places,
free at others. Tibiotarsal and proximal intertarsal joints share a synovial compartment, others
separate.
Note: The tibiotarsal joint is accessible for aspiration dorsomedially. Inflammation of the hock
joint is known as spavin. Chronic distension of the tibiotarsal joint is referred to as bog spavin.
Bony changes are referred to as bone spavin.
Ligaments of hock joint
a) Collateral ligaments intact, extending from tibia to metatarsus.
b) Long plantar ligament runs from calcaneus to proximal metatarsus.
c) Plantar annular ligament (retinaculum): forms outer wall of tarsal canal by running from
to medial border of talus, enclosing deep digital flexor tendon in plantar groove, en route to
distal limb.