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CLOUD COMPUTING
UNLEASHED
Some Social Responsibilities
Agenda
• Cloud Computing
• Virtualization
• Demo of Virtualization
Evolution Towards Cloud
Enterprise Data Center
Issues in maintaining an Enterprise
data centers
• Hardware and equipment outages, hard disk corruptions, data
corruptions etc
• Constant need to update patches and virus vaccines
• Hardware wears out and becomes obsolete
• Temptation to upgrade to new versions of software
• Regular monitoring of traffic, email spans, attacks etc
• Tools required to monitor these are expensive
• Data needs to cleaned up regularly to make more space
• Need to keep on adding more hard disks racks to add more
space.
• Cost of maintenance of hardware and software
• People and building costs add up
• Training costs for people to maintain new tools and hardware
You mind your Business !
Let take care of your data center !
-All you need is a web browser to monitor and
maintain the servers remotely
-Use a tablet/desktop/laptop or any device
-Remote install and uninstall software and
configure it remotely
-Pay for the hardware and software you use
-If the vendor is not good, go to another vendor
How Did It All Evolve ?
High Level Internet View
CLIENT SERVER COMPUTING
single server single client
Client is transparent to server operations
Client is transparent to data location
Server responses to one client only
Client requests only one type of operation at a time
CLIENT SERVER COMPUTING
single server multiple client
Many clients talk to single server
Client Applications may be different (like a bank)
Server is overloaded......
Keep extending server hardware till you run out of money!!!!
CLIENT SERVER COMPUTING
multiple server multiple client
Computing is Distributed
Server to Client Communication
Server to Server Communication
Reduces load
Peer To Peer Networking
No servers Computing!
Idea is for two nodes to communicate with each
other without firewalls/servers (early
ARPANET)
Every node process, request and send info
Virtual networks can be established easily
between multiple nodes
No centralized control
Improves performance as millions of users
added
Probably was best suited for the internet
Security, user threats, less patronage in
enterprises made it less viable
Grid Networking from IBM
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Computing resources are shared with every
node (disk, memory, CPU)
Objective is to complete single job fast and
efficiently (resource pooling)
All nodes typically run the same OS
Loss of node brings down performance but
jobs are still run
Central node controls allocation of jobs
across the nodes.
Runs a special Grid computing software
Advanced Grid computing deals with
cluster of nodes doing special job
Often gets flooded
System Models For Cloud Computing
CLIENT SERVER MODEL
PEER TO PEER NETWORK
GRID NETWORK MODEL
Cloud Network
The Network Cloud is the transparent part
Connects the Cloud User to Cloud Provider
Contains Network Elements to connect
Routers route the server and client traffic appropriately
Can adopt any network model
INTERNET – wikipedia definition
The Internet is a global system of interconnected
computer networks that use the standard Internet
protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve several billion users
worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of
millions of private, public, academic, business, and
government networks, of local to global scope, that are
linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and
optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an
extensive range of information resources and services,
such as the inter-linked hypertext documents of the
World Wide Web (WWW), the infrastructure to support
email, and peer-to-peer networks.
Understanding
The Notion Of Cloud
The Analogy Of Electricity
You can generate it yourself
You can get it as a service from TNEB
You pay for what you use (Metered Service)
Service gets disconnected if you do not pay on time
You contact TNEB if you have service problem
Basically you have some kind of agreements with EB
when getting a connection (SLAs)
ELECTRICITY-AS-A-SERVICE
Service Model Example
SERVICE MODEL
EXAMPLE
Service Provider
TNEB
Service Consumer
People
Service Model
Electricity-as-a-Service
Service Type
Metered with Payment every month
Service Level Agreement (SLA)
22 hrs a day
2 hr electrical mantenance
8 hrs maintenance every month
Storage
Customer's choice
Service Provider Backup
none
Security
Through proper earthing
Zero leakage
Something-as-a-Service
What do we understand by this….
You have to pay for it for the duration of the service
You expect Quality Of Service in return
Performance, UpTime, Scalability, Serviceability, Security
You switch over to another service provider if your are
dissatisfied
OFF-Premise vs ON-Premise
Provisioning
We Are Already Into Cloud
When you use GMAIL
Questions that must arise …..
• Where is GMAIL server hosted ?
• Where are my mails stored ?
• How are they able to manage such a large
storage space ?
• How is the GMAIL page rendered to me ?
• How am I able to read my mails from anywhere
• How am I able to read my mails from any device
• What if my mailbox is hacked ? Security
concerns.
NIST Reference Architecture
Characteristics Of Cloud Computing
Deployment Models
Suitability and Offers
The Industry Focus is on….
Platform-as-a-Service
• Developer platform that abstracts the
infrastructure, OS, and the middleware
• Has development tools, databases, web
servers etc
• Enables any developer to build web apps
• The runtime engine is on the cloud managed
by the cloud provider
• Scalable and always available
• Nothing to install on desktop
PaaS examples
Infrastructure As A Service
• Includes servers, storage and network which are used by
cloud providers
• Farms of servers, Arrays of disks and clusters of networks
are used
• Virtualization allows Elasticity
• High availability
• Backup and Recovery
• Security
• Continuously monitors traffic and makes several
adjustments to IaaS infrastructure
• Rents or leases these as services
• Signs up SLAs
Cloud Storage
• Data is growing at outstanding
rate
• Data is unstructured, dynamic
and vivid.
• There are different types of data
other than text data.
• Conventional indexing, sorting
and searching algorithms will not
work efficiently
• Storage and retrieval of data in
an efficient and fast manner is a
big challenge
• The area of research here is
called BigData
Cloud Storage
• Virtualized pool of storage distributed across multiple VMs /
physical servers but acts as one
• Storage resources are given from these pools
• A resource ( say 300 GB of space ) may spawn across multiple
physical disks
• End users pay only for what they use
• Cloud Storage Server intelligently relocates frequently
accessed data onto one server
• Data may be replicated on multiple locations
– Increases fault tolerance
CLOUD USE CASES
Use Case 1 - End User Cloud
• End user is accessing data or
application in the cloud.
• Like Gmail, Facebook, Twitter etc
• The end user’s data is stored and
managed in the cloud
• The end user has no idea how the
infrastructure works
• All they need is an internet
connection and an interface to
authenticate
Use case 2 : Enterprise to Cloud to
End User
• An enterprise is using cloud to
deliver data and services to end
users
• When a user interacts with the
enterprise, data and services are
retrieved from the cloud,
manipulated and results sent to the
end user
• The end user is an external
customer or and internal employee
of the enterprise
Use case 3: Enterprise to Cloud
• Enterprise is using Cloud Services
for its internal purpose to
supplement its needs
• Build a VM Image and deploy it to
the cloud as necessary.
• Move the image from one cloud
provider to another
• Uses SaaS applications for certain
functions such as emails, CRM etc
• Uses Cloud databases
Use Case 4 : Enterprise to Cloud to
Enterprise
• Two enterprises uses the same cloud
• Resources are shared and made to
interoperate
• Example – Supply Chain
• Applications and data are shared
from the cloud
• Transactions processing,
concurrency control between
enterprises are critical
Use Case 5 : Private Cloud
• Cloud is within the enterprise
• Useful for large enterprises to
surge their workloads
Use case 6 : Changing the Cloud
Vendor
• Add or replace the cloud vendor
• Should be able to move the hosted
VM from one vendor to another
• Change the SaaS vendor provided
the new SaaS vendor provides same
SaaS Service
• Porting data and configuration
should be easy to export and import
• Keep the SaaS Vendor, but change
the storage vendor
A Customer Scenario
NY Times : Processing Huge Archival of
Data
• NY Times had huge archival of data in their data warehouse which
had to be mined
• It needed extensive CPU power to process them
• NY Times would not have had any option other than enhancing
their infrastructure buying fairly expensive computers to mine and
process them
• The problem is : Cost and re-use of the hardware – They won’t need
the hardware again after processing the archives
• Thanks to Amazon EC2
• NY Times rented hundreds of EC2 cloud instances from Amazon and
processed the data in just 36 hours!!!!......So….the question is?
how did Google were able to give them 100s of cloud instances ?
A Customer Scenario
Payroll Processing
Currently Enterprise Setup
• Two servers are dedicated for payroll processing
• Employee data is stored in a SQL Database
• Front-ended GUI is built on top of multiple JSP pages
• These servers are running out of disk space often and
the administrator often has to cleanup unwanted
files to make some spaces.
• The servers become slow during peak load times and
system becomes very slow to operate
… Payroll Processing
What solutions exist ?
Option 1: Rewrite the application to use Cloud Services
Option 2: Create a VM out of the physical database server and
deploy it with a cloud provider
Option 3: Re-deploy and re-configure the payroll application
against a database server that is given by the cloud provider
Option 2 is easy and less intrusive
…Payroll Processing
• What if the Database Server VM ran out of
disk space ?
– We could dynamically increase the storage space
by adding more hard disk space to it (Elasticity)
• The Payroll Application has multiple modules
– The front end rendering module
– The input module
– The payroll processing module
– The pay check printing module
(These can be hosted as separate VMs)
Thank You