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Abnormal Behaviour Different ways of understanding abnormal behaviour (models of abnormality) Eating disorders – Anorexia & bulimia nervosa – Biological & psychological explanations www.psychlotron.org.uk – Biological – Psychodynamic – Behaviourist – Cognitive Eating Disorders Symptoms & clinical description – How is a diagnosis made? Prevalence – How common are they? – What makes it more likely that a person will get them? www.psychlotron.org.uk Risk factors www.psychlotron.org.uk Eating Disorders Eating Disorders – Cognitive (thinking) – Affective (emotion) – Behavioural – Physical www.psychlotron.org.uk Symptoms of psychological disorders can be categorised into: Anorexia Nervosa – Severely restricted food intake – Weight loss (below 85% of expected) – Distortion of body image – Underplays seriousness of weight loss – Fear of becoming fat – Cessation of periods (3+ missed) www.psychlotron.org.uk Main symptoms: Anorexia Nervosa Prevalence – Affects 1 in 200 adolescents – 90% of sufferers are female – Commonest in 15-17 year old girls (1%) – 8% die within 5 years of onset – 70% recover within 10 years – 22% struggle with chronic symptoms www.psychlotron.org.uk Prognosis: Anorexia Nervosa – Hard working, high achieving – Compliant, high need for approval – High need for control, low tolerance of change – Perfectionist – Competitive environment – Occupation associated with low weight www.psychlotron.org.uk Risk factors Bulimia Nervosa Bingeing episodes – Consumption of large amounts of food – Feeling that eating is out of control – Self-induced vomiting – Laxative abuse – Excessive exercise Weight typically in normal range, but sufferer unusually preoccupied with body weight/shape www.psychlotron.org.uk Purging behaviour Bulimia Nervosa Prevalence – Affects up to 3% of young women – Rare in men – Later onset than anorexia (late teens-20s) – 70% full or partially recover within 10 years – Average 5yrs between onset & treatment www.psychlotron.org.uk Prognosis Bulimia Nervosa Risk factors www.psychlotron.org.uk – Anxious & depressed – Poor impulse control – Alcohol & drug use – High susceptibility to stress Health Risks – Irregular heartbeat & cardiac arrest – Liver & kidney damage – Bone defects & osteoporosis – Damage to teeth & oesophagus – Infertility – Electrolyte imbalance (sometimes fatal) – Cognitive impairments www.psychlotron.org.uk Starvation, bingeing & purging can lead to:
