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Hearing Impairment By: Terri Wright Classifications Deaf Hard of Hearing Causes Fluctuating conductive hearing loss nearly always occurs with all types of otitis media. In fact it is the most common cause of hearing loss in young children. Otitis media is an inflammation in the middle ear (the area behind the eardrum) that is usually associated with the buildup of fluid. The fluid may or may not be infected. Causes congenital hearing loss hearing loss is present at birth. It can include hereditary hearing loss or hearing loss due to other factors present either in utero or at the time of birth autosomal dominant hearing loss autosomal recessive hearing loss X-linked hearing loss Causes Acquired hearing loss is a hearing loss which appears after birth, at any time in one's life, perhaps as a result of a disease, a condition, or an injury. The following are examples of conditions that can cause acquired hearing loss in children are: Ototoxic (damage to the auditory system) drugs Meningitis Measles Encephalitis Chicken pox Influenza Mumps Head injury Noise exposure Hearing Aids Cochlear Implants Bone Conduction Implants Teacher Strategies If the student lip-reads: Have students sit closer to the lecturer. Look directly at the student. Speak slowly, naturally, and clearly. Slowing down slightly may help. Do not exaggerate your lip movements or shout. If you have a mustache, keep it well trimmed. Teacher Strategies If the student uses an interpreter: Speak directly to the student rather than to the interpreter. Signing may be distracting at first, but you and the other students will soon become accustomed to the interpreter's presence. Give the student and the interpreter outlines of the lecture or written material, in advance, so that they can become familiar with new technical vocabulary. The interpreter should stand closer to the section of the chalkboard that is being used by the instructor, thereby allowing the student to simultaneously see both the signs and the writing on the board. Teacher Strategies When writing materials for hearing impaired students: Break up long sentences. Reduce difficult vocabulary load. Keep cause-and-effect expressions in a very simple in form. If an important basic or technical word is to be taught: Make meaning and application absolutely clear. Use context as a memory aid. For a new term, repeat the word numerous times in a variety of contexts. References American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2009). Causes of hearing loss in children. Retrieved from http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/disorders/causes.htm Cochlear. (2008). Hearing loss treatments for children. Retrieved from http://www.cochlear.com/au/hearing-losstreatments/children Hallahan, D.P. Kauffman, J.M., and Pullen, P.C. (2009). Exceptional Learners. Boston, MA: Pearson. Keller, E. (2005). West Virginia University. Strategies for teaching students with hearing impairments. Retrieved from http://www.as.wvu.edu/~scidis/hearing.html