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Automotive 12V to USB 5V 2A output power adapter test results. Normal operation Nominal output voltage is given by Vout = Vfb*(1+Rtop1/Rbot1)) Vfb (V) 3.36 Rtop1 (Ohms) 1200 Rbot1 (Ohms) 2400 Vout_nom (V) 5.04 Measured output voltage and input current with resistive load. Input voltage (V) Load Output current voltage (A) (V) Supply current (A) Overall efficiency (%) 12 0 5.032 0.008 na 12 0.893 5.028 0.423 88.5 12 1.599 5.023 0.786 85.2 12 2.157 5.018 1.1 82.0 Overall efficiency includes the input current drawn by the input LED and the output currents drawn by the TL431 resistor ladder and the output LED. 1 Overvoltage clamp operation Output clamp voltage in response to regulator output voltage being forced to rise above normal set voltage by placing 1k in parallel with R7 (Rbot1) Rbot1//1k (Ohms) Input voltage (V) 705.9 Load current (A) Output voltage (V) Unclamped forced Vout 0 9.072 Clamped forced Vout 0 5.61 Supply current (A) 12 1.436 In this test, the instantaneous, pulse-by-pulse output current sunk in the clamp is much higher than the measured (average) supply current. Therefore the output of SMPS goes into pulse-by-pulse current limiting which limits the average current drawn from the input supply. In the event of the series switching MOSFET in the L4978 failing short circuit, the battery would be effectively connected straight across the clamp. A large current would then be sunk by the clamp, limited only by the resistances of the wiring, chokes and the PCB tracks. The STP36NF06L MOSFET used in the clamp is a 30A continuous/120A pulsed rated device. After a few milliseconds, this current would blow the fuse. 2