Download RET 1024 Introduction to Respiratory Therapy

RET 1024
Introduction to Respiratory Therapy
Module 2.0
Hospital / Patient Safety
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Key areas of potential risk common to patients and
practitioners in the hospital
 Fire Hazards
 Electrical Hazards
 Patient Movement and Ambulation
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Fire Safety
 Fire Safety Education
 Plan
 RACE
 ABC
 PASS
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Fire Safety
 PLAN
 Know your hospital’s fire safety plan
 Know where the fire alarm pull stations are
 Know where the fire extinguishers are
 Know the fire evacuation routes
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Fire Safety
 R.A.C.E
 R - Rescue/Remove patients from the immediate
fire scene
 A - Alert personnel by activating the nearest fire
alarm pull station
 C - Confine the fire/smoke by closing all doors in
the area
 E - Evacuate/Extinguish – extinguish a small fire,
evacuate from a large one
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Fire Safety
 Fire Triangle
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Fire Safety
 Classification of Fuels
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Fire Safety
 Classification of Fuels
 Class A - Wood, paper, cloth, trash, plastics
 Class B - Flammable liquids: gasoline, oil,
grease, acetone
 Class C - Electrical: energized electrical
equipment
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Fire Safety
 Types of Fire Extinguishers
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Types of Fire Extinguishers
 APW (Air Pressurized Water)
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Class A - Wood, paper, cloth, trash, plastics
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Types of Fire Extinguishers
 CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)
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Class B - Flammable liquids: gasoline, oil, grease,
acetone
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Types of Fire Extinguishers
 ABC (Dry Chemical Extinguisher)
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Class C - Electrical: energized electrical equipment
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Fire Safety
 P.A.S.S.
 P – Pull the pin. Hold the extinguisher with the
nozzle pointing away from you, and release the
locking mechanism
 A – Aim low. Point the extinguisher at the base of
the fire
 S – Squeeze the lever slowly and evenly
 S – Sweep the nozzle from side to side
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Fire Safety
 P.A.S.S.
Hospital / Patient Safety
“Is this right Professor Slocum?”
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Electrical Safety
 Because respiratory
care often involves
electrical equipment,
RT’s must understand
the fundamentals of
electrical safety
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Physiological Effects of Electrical Current
 Pain
 Burns
 Exhaustion
 Fainting
 Respiratory paralysis
 Damage to vital organs
 Ventricular fibrillation
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Physiological Effects of Electrical Current
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Electrical Shock
 Shock occurs when electrical current passes
through the body
 Skin offers high resistance to electrical current,
except when it is wet
 Electrical current can easily flow into the body
when skin is bypassed by:
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Pacemakers wires
Saline filled intravascular catheters
Urinary catheters
Body fluid drainage catheters
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Hazard Created By A Broken Ground Wire
 Equipment to practitioner
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Hazard Created By A Broken Ground Wire
 Equipment to patient
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Hazard Created By A Broken Ground Wire
 Practitioner to patient
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Preventing Shock Hazards
 Electrical safety training for practitioners
 Equipment used for patient care should be
connected to grounded outlets with three-wire
cords
 Equipment must be regularly inspected for
electrical safety
 Performed by qualified electrical experts
 Dated safety inspection stickers visible
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Preventing Shock Hazards
 Report faulty equipment, frayed wiring, or
damaged receptacles
 Remove from service
 Label “Broken – Do Not Use”
 Report to supervisor
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Patient Movement and Ambulation
 Basic Body Mechanics
 Lifting
Good posture is
needed to reduce the
risk of injury
Poor posture may
place stress on bones,
muscles, and organs
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Patient Movement and Ambulation
 Basic Body Mechanics
 Lifting
Good posture and
body mechanics as
they apply to lifting
and moving a
patient
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Patient Movement and Ambulation
 Basic Body Mechanics
 Moving the Patient in Bed
Lateral movement of a bed-bound patient
Moving a patient up in be with patient assistance
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Hippocrates (460 – 377 BC) – The father of medicine
“Do no harm”
Hospital / Patient Safety
 A 1999 report by the Institute of Medicine, the
medical branch of the National Academy of Sciences,
estimated that 44,000 to 98,000 Americans die each
year because of medical errors, the equivalent of a
jumbo jet filled with passengers crashing every day
Hospital / Patient Safety
 RT’s share general responsibilities for providing safe
and effective patient care with the other members of
the healthcare team
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Administrators
Physicians
Nurses
Nursing Aides
Physical therapists
Radiology Techs
Medical Technologists
Etc., Etc., Etc.
Hospital / Patient Safety
 The Joint Commission’s National Patient Safety Goals
 The purpose of the Joint Commission’s National Patient Safety
Goals are to promote specific improvements in patient safety.
The Goals highlight problematic areas in health care and
describe evidence and expert-based solutions to these
problems
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Improve the accuracy of patient identification
 Use at least two patient identifiers when
providing care, treatment, and services
 Acceptable identifiers
 Name
 Medical record number
 Room number or location is not an identifier
 Procedure
 First, identify the individual as the person for
whom the service or treatment is intended involve the patient when possible
 Second, match the service or treatment to that
individual
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Improve the effectiveness of communication among
caregivers
 Report critical results of tests and diagnostic procedures
on a timely basis
 Telephone/Verbal orders/Critical Test Results
 For verbal orders, telephone orders, or reporting of critical test
results via telephone, the individual giving the order verifies the
complete order or test result by having the person receiving the
information record and "read-back" the complete order or test
result.
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Improve the effectiveness of communication among
caregivers
 Abbreviations
 There is a standardized list of abbreviations, acronyms,
symbols, and dose designations that are NOT to be used
throughout the organization
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Examples of Misinterpretation of Abbreviations
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Accurately and completely reconcile medications
across the continuum of care
 The organization obtains and documents an accurate list of the
patient’s current medications and known allergies in order to safely
prescribe any setting-specific medications
 Comparing the patient’s current medications with those ordered for the
patient while under the care of the organization
 Communicating medications to the next provider
 Providing the patient with a current and reconciled list of medications
upon discharge
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Improve the safety of using medications
 Label all medications
 Label all medications, medication containers (for example,
syringes, medicine cups, basins), or other solutions on and
off the sterile field
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Reduce the risk of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI)
 Comply with current World Health Organization (WHO) hand
hygiene guidelines or Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) hand hygiene guidelines
 HAI; Infections that patients acquire during the course of
receiving treatment for other conditions or that healthcare workers
(HCWs) acquire while performing their duties within a healthcare
setting
 HAIs account for an estimated 2 million infections, 90,000 deaths,
and $4.5 billion in excess health care costs annually
 The most common route for transmission of nosocomial
infection is hand contact
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Reduce the risk of patient harm resulting from falls
 The organization implements a fall reduction program that
includes an evaluation of the effectiveness of the program
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Encourage the active involvement of patients and their
families in the patient's care as a patient safety strategy
 Define and communicate the means for patients to report
concerns about safety and encourage them to do so
Hospital / Patient Safety
 The organization identifies safety risks inherent in its
patient population
 The organization identifies risks associated with home oxygen
therapy such as home fires
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Changes in Patient Condition
 The organization selects a suitable method that enables health
care staff members to directly request additional assistance
from a specially trained individual(s) when the patient’s
condition appears to be worsening
Hospital / Patient Safety
 Improve the effectiveness of clinical alarm systems
 Implemented in 2004
 Preventive maintenance/testing
 Activated with appropriate settings
 Staff education
 Audible with respect to distance and competing noises