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BRAIN GATE TECHNOLOGY
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Introduction
Brain gate is a brain implant system developed by the
bio-tech company Cyberkinetics in 2003 in conjunction with the
Department of Neuroscience at Brown University.
Brain gate is an electrode chip which can be implanted
in the brain.When it is implanted in the brain the electrical signal
exchanged by neurons within the brain.
Those signals are sent to the brain and it executes
body movement.All the signalling process is handled by special
software.The signal is sent to the computer and then computer is
controlled by patient. Brain gate converts brain activity into
computer commands.
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A brain computer interface,called as direct neural interface or brain machine
interface is a direct communication pathway between human or animal brain
and an external device.
Braingate system is an example of BCI.
Brain Computer Interface determines the intent of the user from a variety of
different electrophysiological signals which include slow cortial
potentials,P300 potentials or beta rhythms recorded from the scalp.
Based on the communicative pathway, BCI is classified as follows
> One Way BCI.
> Two Way BCI.
The
electrical patterns generated are called brain
waves are transferred through millions of Neurons
that act like the wires and gates in a computer,
gathering & transmitting the signals over distances.
A
technique called neuro feedback uses connecting
sensors on the scalp to translate brain waves.
Even
if paralysis or disease damages the part of the
brain that processes movement, the brain still
generates neural signals and that will be translated.
The principle of Brain Gate Neural Interface
System is that with intact brain function,
neural signals generated are interpreted by
the systems and a cursor is shown to the
user on a computer screen that provides an
alternate "Brain Gate pathway". The user can
use that cursor to control the computer, just
as a mouse is used.
The Brain Gate Neural Interface device consists of a tiny chip
containing 100 microscopic electrodes that is surgically implanted in the
brain's motor cortex which can read the signals generated and send that
information to a computer via connected wires and the neural pathway,
and these signals are decoded using a decoding algorithm and translated
to control the movement of a computer cursor or a robotic arm.
The chip is implanted on the surface of the brain
in the motor cortex area that controls movement. In
the pilot version of the device, a cable connects the
sensor to an external signal processor in a cart that
contains computers. The computers translate brain
activity and create the communication output using
custom decoding software and the algorithms are
written in the languages like C,Java and MATLAB.
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A technique called neuro feedback
uses connecting sensors on the scalp
to translate brain waves into
information a person can learn from.
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The sensors register different
frequencies of the signals produced in
the brain.
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These changes in brain wave patterns
indicate whether someone is
concentrating or suppressing his
impulses, or whether he is relaxed or
tense.
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Preprocessing
Detection
Control
Training
Bio feedback
MULTI
DEVICE PATIENT AMBULATION SYSTEM.
BIOLOGICAL
DARPA
( Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency).
MENTAL
LIMB
INTERFACE SYSTEM WITH PATIENT TRAINING APPARATUS.
TYPEWRITER.
AND DIGIT MOVEMENT SYSTEM.
BIOLOGICAL
INTERFACE SYSTEM WITH SURROGATE CONTROLLED DEVICE.
With a Brain Gate you can:
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Turn on or off the lights in your room
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Check and read E-mails
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Play games in computer
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Use your PC
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Control a robotic arm
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Watch and control your Television
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The switches must be frequently adjusted- a time consuming process.

The BrainGate Neural Interface System has not been approved by the
FDA,but has been approved for IDE status (approved for pre-market
clinical trials).
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Difficult in adaptation and learning.
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Limitation in information transform rate. The latest technology is 20
bits/min.
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Future Brain Gate system products may control devices that allow
breathing, bladder and bowel movements.

Development of second generation patient interface software that will
enable users to perform a wide variety of daily activities without the
assistance of the technician.
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Development of a Brain Gate system which has a wireless interface
between the implanted server and the computer.
Humans
and machines are a part of intelligence. We could say that the Brain
Gate can’t work without a human brain and the human brain (for someone
who is paralysed) can’t function without the Brain Gate system.
Brain
Gate system is a system where a person can work with a computer just
by thoughts.
Brain
Gate has proved to be a boon for paralyzed people.
Although
the Brain Gate technology system has been proven possible for
real time implementation, it has not been released yet commercially. The
commercial usage of this product would take another 3-5 years for its
practical commercial release and use.
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